Levantine Arabic/Weather

Basic terms طقس/جوء ṭaʔs/jo2 weather دنيا dinya/dunya world كيف/شلون الطقس/الجوء اليوم؟ kif/shlon alta2s/jo2 alyom? How is the weather today? الطقس/الجوء... iṭ-ṭaʔs ... The weather is ... الدنيا ... id-dinya/dunya... It's ... الطقس (iṭ-ṭaqs) is followed by an adjective (hot, cold, sunny etc.). الدبيا (id-dinya) is used as a dummy subject like “It's ...” in English. It can be followed by a verb (raining, snowing etc.), or a noun corresponding to an adjective (heat = hot, sun = sunny etc.). Temperature حرارة harāra temperature درجة daraje degree(s) درجات darajāt degrees (after number 3-10) Noun Adjective Adjectiveof feeling شوب šōbحرّ ḥarr مشوّب mšawwebحارّ ḥārr شوبان šōbān hot دفا dafa دافي dāfi دفيان dafyān warm برد bard بارد bāred بردان bardān cold In order to express someone's sensation of the temperature, special adjectives with the ending “-ān” are used. +Examples: الدنيا شوب اليوم. id-dinya šōb il-yōm It's hot today. الشمس حارّة. iš-šams ḥārra The sun is hot. أنا شوبان. 'ana šōbān I'm feeling hot. قدّيش درجة/درجات الحرارة؟ ʔaddēš darajet/darajāt il-harāra? What's the temperature? خمسة وعشرين درجة. ḵamse w-ʕišrīn daraja (It's) 25 degrees. خمس (درجات) تحت الصفر. ḵams (darajāt) taḥt iṣ-ṣifr (It's) 5 (degrees) below zero. The sky سماء sama2 sky Verb (past) Verb (present) Adjective شمش šams (f) sun شمّس šammas بشمّس bišammes مشمّس mšammes sunny غيم ḡēm clouds غيّم ḡayyam بغيّم biḡayyem مغيّم mḡayyem cloudy شتى šita (m) rain شتّى šatta بشتّي bišatti مشتّي mšatti raining When used with a verb, الدنيا (id-dinya) can be omitted as long as the verb is not the only remaining word in the sentence. States like “sunny” and “cloudy” can be expressed by verbs well, which have the meaning of “to be ...” or “to become ...”. +Examples: غيّمت الدنيا. ḡayyamat id-dinya It's cloudy. (“The world became cloudy.”) السما مغيّمة. is-sama mḡayyme The sky is cloudy. (الدنيا) عم بتشتّي. (id-dinya) ʕam bitšatti It's raining. شتّت مبارح. šattat mbāreḥ It rained yesterday.