JLPT Guide/JLPT N1 Vocabulary/Row Ka

仮, か -tentative, provisional 科, か -department, section 個, か -article counter 下位, かい -low rank, subordinate, lower order (e.g. byte) 改悪, かいあく -deterioration, changing for the worse 海運, かいうん -maritime, marine transportation 改革, かいかく -reform, reformation, innovation 貝殻, かいがら -shell 階級, かいきゅう -class, rank, grade 海峡, かいきょう -channel 会見, かいけん -interview, audience 介護, かいご -nursing 開催, かいさい -holding a meeting, open an exhibition 回収, かいしゅう -collection, recovery 改修, かいしゅう -repair, improvement 怪獣, かいじゅう -monster 解除, かいじょ -cancellation, rescinding, release, calling off 回送, かいそう -forwarding 階層, かいそう -class, level, stratum, hierarchy 開拓, かいたく -reclamation (of wasteland), cultivation, pioneer 会談, かいだん -conversation, conference, discussion, interview 改定, かいてい -reform 改訂, かいてい -revision 街道, かいどう -highway 介入, かいにゅう -intervention 開発, かいはつ -development, exploitation 海抜, かいばつ -height above sea level 介抱, かいほう -nursing, looking after 解剖, かいぼう -dissection, autopsy 回覧, かいらん -circulation 海流, かいりゅう -ocean current 改良, かいりょう -improvement, reform 回路, かいろ -circuit (electric) 顧みる, かえりみる -to look back, to turn around, to review 省みる, かえりみる -to reflect 返る, かえる -to return, to come back, to go back 顔付き, かおつき -(outward) looks, features, face, countenance, expression 掲げる, かかげる -to publish, to print, to carry (an article), to put up, to hang out, to hoist, to fly (a sail), to float (a 踵, かかと -(shoe) heel 係り, かかり -official, duty, person in charge 課外, かがい -extracurricular 書き取り, かきとり -dictation 書き取る, かきとる -to write down, to take dictation, to take notes 掻き回す, かきまわす -to stir up, to churn, to ransack, to disturb 欠く, かく -to lack, to break, to crack, to chip 角, かく -1. angle, 2. bishop (shogi) 核, かく -nucleus, kernel 格, かく -status, character, case 佳句, かく -beautiful passage of literature 画, かく -stroke 格差, かくさ -qualitative difference, disparity 拡散, かくさん -scattering, diffusion 各種, かくしゅ -every kind, all sorts 隔週, かくしゅう -every other week 確信, かくしん -conviction, confidence 革新, かくしん -reform, innovation 確定, かくてい -definition (math), decision, settlement 獲得, かくとく -acquisition, possession 確保, かくほ -guarantee, ensure, maintain, insure, secure 革命, かくめい -revolution 確立, かくりつ -establishment 賭け, かけ -betting, gambling, a gamble 掛け, かけ -credit 駆け足, かけあし -running fast, double time 家計, かけい -household economy, family finances 駆けっこ, かけっこ -(foot) race 駆ける, かける -to run (race esp. horse), to gallop, to canter 賭ける, かける -to wager, to bet, to risk, to stake, to gamble 加工, かこう -manufacturing, processing, treatment 化合, かごう -chemical combination 嵩張る, かさばる -to be bulky, to be unwieldy, to grow voluminous 嵩む, かさむ -to pile up, to increase 風車, かざぐるま -1. windmill, 2. pinwheel 畏まりました, かしこまりました -certainly! 華奢, かしゃ -luxury, pomp, delicate, slender, gorgeous 箇所, かしょ -passage, place, point, part 火傷, かしょう -burn, scald 箇条書き, かじょうがき -itemized form, itemization 噛る, かじる -to chew, to bite (at), to gnaw, to nibble, to munch, to crunch, to have a smattering of 微か, かすか -faint, dim, weak, indistinct, hazy, poor, wretched 霞む, かすむ -to grow hazy, to be misty 化する, かする -to change into, to convert into, to transform, to be reduced, to influence, to improve (someone) 擦る, かする -to touch lightly, to take a percentage (from) 火星, かせい -Mars (planet) 化石, かせき -fossil, petrifaction, fossilization 河川, かせん -rivers 化繊, かせん -synthetic fibres 過疎, かそ -depopulation 過多, かた -excess, superabundance 難い, かたい -difficult, hard 片思い, かたおもい -unrequited love 敵, かたき -enemy, rival 気質, かたぎ -spirit, character, trait, temperament, disposition 片言, かたこと -a smattering, talk like a baby, speak haltingly 片付け, かたづけ -tidying up, finishing 傾く, かたぶく -to incline toward, to slant, to lurch, to heel over, to be disposed to, to trend toward, to be prone to, to 傾ける, かたむける -to incline, to list, to bend, to lean, to tip, to tilt, to slant, to concentrate on, to ruin (a country), to 固める, かためる -to harden, to freeze, to fortify 偏る, かたよる -to be one-sided, to incline, to be partial, to be prejudiced, to lean, to be biased 傍ら, かたわら -beside(s), while, nearby 課題, かだい -subject, theme, task 花壇, かだん -flower bed 家畜, かちく -domestic animals, livestock, cattle 画期, かっき -epoch-making 活発, かっぱつ -vigor, active 且つ, かつ -yet, and 割, かつ -divide, cut, halve, separate, split, rip, break, crack, smash, dilute 嘗て, かつて -once, ever 日付, かづけ -date, dating 門, かど -gate 叶う, かなう -to come true (wish) 叶える, かなえる -to grant (request wish) 金槌, かなづち -1. (iron) hammer, 2. punishment 鉄棒, かなぼう -iron rod, crowbar, horizontal bar (gymnastics) 可成, かなり -considerably, fairly, quite 加入, かにゅう -becoming a member, joining, entry, admission, subscription, affiliation, adherence, signing 金庫, かねぐら -safe, vault, treasury, provider of funds 予言, かねごと -prediction, promise, prognostication 兼ねて, かねて -simultaneously 下番, かばん -going off duty 下品, かひん -inferior article 華美, かび -pomp, splendor, gaudiness 花粉, かふん -pollen 株式, かぶしき -stock (company) 気触れる, かぶれる -to react to, to be influenced by, to go overboard for 貨幣, かへい -money, currency, coinage 構え, かまえ -posture, pose, style 構える, かまえる -to set up 加味, かみ -seasoning, flavoring 噛み切る, かみきる -to bite off, to gnaw through 過密, かみつ -crowded 瓶, かめ -earthenware pot かも知れない, かもしれない -may, might, perhaps, may be, possibly 粥, かゆ -(rice) gruel 痒い, かゆい -itchy, itching 揶揄う, からかう -to ridicule, to tease, to banter with, to make fun of 身体, からだ -the body 体付き, からだつき -body build, figure 絡む, からむ -to entangle, to entwine 借り, かり -borrowing, debt, loan 下吏, かり -lower official 加留多, かるた -(pt:) (n) playing cards (pt: carta) 涸れる, かれる -to dry up, to run out 過労, かろう -overwork, strain 辛うじて, かろうじて -barely, narrowly, just manage to do st 側, かわ -side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case 可愛い, かわいい -pretty, cute, lovely, charming, dear, darling, pet 可愛がる, かわいがる -to love, to be affectionate 可哀想, かわいそう -poor, pitiable, pathetic 可愛らしい, かわいらしい -lovely, sweet 交わす, かわす -to exchange (messages), to dodge, to parry, to avoid, to turn aside 代わる, かわる -to take the place of, to relieve, to be substituted for, to be exchanged, to change places with, to take 代わる代わる, かわるがわる -alternately 乾, かん -heaven, emperor 管, かん -pipe, tube 幹, かん -(tree) trunk 冠, かん -crown, diadem, first, best, peerless, cap, naming, designating, initiating on coming of age, top character ra 観, かん -look, appearance, spectacle 館, かん -house, hall, building, hotel, inn, guesthouse 簡易, かんい -simplicity, easiness, quasi- 感慨, かんがい -strong feelings, deep emotion 寒気, かんき -cold, frost, chill 簡潔, かんけつ -brevity, conciseness, simplicity 還元, かんげん -resolution, reduction, return to origins 刊行, かんこう -publication, issue 慣行, かんこう -customary practice, habit, traditional event 勧告, かんこく -advice, counsel, remonstrance, recommendation 看護, かんご -nursing, (army) nurse 漢語, かんご -Chinese word, Sino-Japanese word 換算, かんさん -conversion, change, exchange 監視, かんし -observation, guarding, inspection, surveillance 慣習, かんしゅう -usual (historical) custom 観衆, かんしゅう -spectators, onlookers, members of the audience 干渉, かんしょう -interference, intervention 感触, かんしょく -sense of touch, feeling, sensation 肝心, かんじん -essential, fundamental, crucial, vital, main 歓声, かんせい -cheer, shout of joy 感染, かんせん -infection, contagion 幹線, かんせん -main line, trunk line 関税, かんぜい -customs, duty, tariff 簡素, かんそ -simplicity, plain 観点, かんてん -point of view 感度, かんど -sensitivity, severity (quake) 幹部, かんぶ -management, (executive) staff, leaders 勘弁, かんべん -pardon, forgiveness, forbearance 完璧, かんぺき -perfection, completeness, flawless 感無量, かんむりょう -deep feeling, inexpressible feeling, filled with emotion 勧誘, かんゆう -invitation, solicitation, canvassing, inducement, persuasion, encouragement 関与, かんよ -participation, taking part in, participating in, being concerned in 慣用, かんよう -common, customary 寛容, かんよう -forbearance, tolerance, generosity 観覧, かんらん -viewing 官僚, かんりょう -bureaucrat, bureaucracy 慣例, かんれい -custom, precedent, of convention 還暦, かんれき -60th birthday 貫禄, かんろく -presence, dignity 緩和, かんわ -relief, mitigation 蓋, がい -cover, lid, cap 街, がい -~street, ~quarters 外貨, がいか -imported goods, foreign money 外観, がいかん -appearance, exterior, facade 外相, がいしょう -Foreign Minister 害する, がいする -to injure, to damage, to harm, to kill, to hinder 概説, がいせつ -general statement, outline 該当, がいとう -corresponding, answering to, coming under 街頭, がいとう -in the street 概念, がいねん -general idea, concept, notion 外来, がいらい -imported, outpatient clinic 概略, がいりゃく -outline, summary, gist, in brief 学芸, がくげい -arts and sciences, liberal arts 学士, がくし -university graduate 学説, がくせつ -theory 楽譜, がくふ -score (music) 学歴, がくれき -academic background 崖, がけ -cliff 雅致, がち -artistry, good taste, elegance, grace がっくり -heartbroken 合唱, がっしょう -chorus, singing in a chorus がっしり -firmly, solidly, tough 合致, がっち -agreement, concurrence, conforming to がっちり -solidly built, tightly, shrewd, calculating 月日, がっぴ -(the) date 合併, がっぺい -combination, union, amalgamation, consolidation, merger, coalition, fusion, annexation, affiliation, incorpor がる -feel 側, がわ -side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case 癌, がん -cancer 眼科, がんか -ophthalmology 眼球, がんきゅう -eyeball 眼鏡, がんきょう -spectacles, glasses 頑固, がんこ -stubbornness, obstinacy 願書, がんしょ -written application or petition 頑丈, がんじょう -solid, firm, stout, burly, strong, sturdy 岩石, がんせき -rock 元年, がんねん -first year (of a specific reign) 贋物, がんぶつ -imitation, counterfeit, forgery, sham 元来, がんらい -originally, primarily, essentially, logically, naturally 生, き -pure, undiluted, raw, crude 期, き -period, time 企画, きかく -planning, project 規格, きかく -standard, norm 着飾る, きかざる -to dress up 器官, きかん -organ (of body), instrument 季刊, きかん -quarterly (e.g. magazine) 危害, きがい -injury, harm, danger 気兼ね, きがね -hesitance, diffidence, feeling constraint, fear of troubling someone, having scruples about doing someth 気軽, きがる -cheerful, buoyant, lighthearted 危機, きき -crisis 聞き取り, ききとり -listening comprehension 効き目, ききめ -effect, virtue, efficacy, impression 帰京, ききょう -returning to Tokyo 基金, ききん -fund, foundation 棄権, きけん -abstain from voting, renunciation of a right 喜劇, きげき -comedy, funny show 起源, きげん -origin, beginning, rise 機構, きこう -mechanism, organization 既婚, きこん -marriage, married 記載, きさい -mention, entry 気障, きざ -affectation, conceit, snobbery 兆し, きざし -signs, omen, symptoms 兆, きざし -signs, omen, symptoms 軋む, きしむ -to jar, to creak, to grate 気象, きしょう -weather, climate 期日, きじつ -fixed date, settlement date 記述, きじゅつ -describing, descriptor 奇数, きすう -odd number 築く, きずく -to build, to pile up, to amass 傷付く, きずつく -to be hurt, to be wounded, to get injured 規制, きせい -regulation 汽船, きせん -steamship 寄贈, きそう -donation, presentation 貴族, きぞく -noble, aristocrat 鍛える, きたえる -to forge, to drill, to temper, to train, to discipline 来る, きたる -to come, to arrive, to be due to, to be next, to be forthcoming 気立て, きだて -disposition, nature きちっと -exactly, perfectly 几帳面, きちょうめん -methodical, punctual, steady 切っ掛け, きっかけ -chance, start, cue, excuse, motive, impetus, occasion きっかり -exactly, precisely 喫茶, きっさ -tea drinking, tea house きっちり -precisely, tightly 屹度, きっと -1. (uk) surely, undoubtedly, certainly, without fail, 2. sternly, severely きっぱり -clearly, plainly, distinctly 規定, きてい -regulation, provisions 起点, きてん -starting point 軌道, きどう -orbit, railroad track 甲, きのえ -1st in rank, first sign of the Chinese calendar, shell, instep, grade A 気配, きはい -indication, market trend, worry 規範, きはん -model, standard, pattern, norm, criterion, example 気品, きひん -aroma 気風, きふう -character, traits, ethos 起伏, きふく -undulation 規模, きぼ -scale, scope, plan, structure 気まぐれ, きまぐれ -whim, caprice, whimsy, fickle, moody, uneven temper 生真面目, きまじめ -too serious, person who is too serious, honesty, sincerity 期末, きまつ -end of term 決まり悪い, きまりわるい -feeling awkward, being ashamed 決まる, きまる -to be decided, to be settled, to look good in (clothes) 記名, きめい -signature, register 脚色, きゃくしょく -dramatization (e.g. film) 脚本, きゃくほん -scenario 客観, きゃっかん -objective 規約, きやく -agreement, rules, code 救援, きゅうえん -relief, rescue, reinforcement 休学, きゅうがく -temporary absence from school, suspension 究極, きゅうきょく -ultimate, final, eventual 窮屈, きゅうくつ -narrow, tight, stiff, rigid, uneasy, formal, constrained 球根, きゅうこん -(plant) bulb 救済, きゅうさい -relief, aid, rescue, salvation, help 給食, きゅうしょく -school lunch, providing a meal 給仕, きゅうじ -office boy (girl), page, waiter 休戦, きゅうせん -truce, armistice 旧知, きゅうち -old friend, old friendship 宮殿, きゅうでん -palace 窮乏, きゅうぼう -poverty 丘陵, きゅうりょう -hill 共, きょう -both, neither (neg), all, and, as well as, including, with, together with, plural ending 供, きょう -offer, present, submit, serve (a meal), supply 驚異, きょうい -wonder, miracle 教員, きょういん -teaching staff 教科, きょうか -subject, curriculum 協会, きょうかい -association, society, organization 共感, きょうかん -sympathy, response 共学, きょうがく -coeducation 協議, きょうぎ -conference, consultation, discussion, negotiation 教訓, きょうくん -lesson, precept, moral instruction 境遇, きょうぐう -environment, circumstances 強行, きょうこう -forcing, enforcement 強硬, きょうこう -firm, vigorous, unbending, unyielding, strong, stubborn 凶作, きょうさく -bad harvest, poor crop 共産, きょうさん -communism 教材, きょうざい -teaching materials 教習, きょうしゅう -training, instruction 郷愁, きょうしゅう -nostalgia, homesickness 教職, きょうしょく -teaching certificate, the teaching profession 享受, きょうじゅ -reception, acceptance, enjoyment, being given 興じる, きょうじる -to amuse oneself, to make merry 強制, きょうせい -obligation, coercion, compulsion, enforcement 共存, きょうそん -coexistence 姉妹, きょうだい -sisters 協調, きょうちょう -co-operation, conciliation, harmony, firm (market) tone 協定, きょうてい -arrangement, pact, agreement 脅迫, きょうはく -threat, menace, coercion, terrorism 共鳴, きょうめい -resonance, sympathy 郷里, きょうり -birth-place, home town 強烈, きょうれつ -strong, intense, severe 共和, きょうわ -republicanism, cooperation 曲, きょく -tune, piece of music 局限, きょくげん -limit, localize 極端, きょくたん -extreme, extremity 居住, きょじゅう -residence 拒絶, きょぜつ -refusal, rejection 拒否, きょひ -denial, veto, rejection, refusal 許容, きょよう -permission, pardon 距離, きょり -distance, range 寄与, きよ -contribution, service 清らか, きよらか -clean, pure, chaste 気楽, きらく -at ease, comfortable 煌びやか, きらびやか -gorgeous, gaudy, dazzling, gay 切り, きり -limits, end, bounds, period, place to leave off, closing sentence, all there is, only, since 桐, きり -paulownia tree 切り替える, きりかえる -to change, to exchange, to convert, to renew, to throw a switch, to replace, to switch over 気流, きりゅう -atmospheric current 奇麗, きれい -pretty, clean, nice, tidy, beautiful, fair 切れ目, きれめ -break, pause, gap, end, rift, interruption, cut, section, notch, incision, end (of a task) 際, きわ -edge, brink, verge, side 木綿, きわた -cotton 極めて, きわめて -exceedingly, extremely 僅, きん -a little, small quantity 近眼, きんがん -nearsightedness, shortsightedness, myopia 緊急, きんきゅう -urgent, pressing, emergency 近々, きんきん -nearness, before long 近郊, きんこう -suburbs, outskirts 均衡, きんこう -equilibrium, balance 近視, きんし -shortsightedness 禁じる, きんじる -to prohibit 禁ずる, きんずる -to forbid, to suppress 勤勉, きんべん -industry, diligence 勤務, きんむ -service, duty, work 禁物, きんもつ -taboo, forbidden thing 勤労, きんろう -labor, exertion, diligent service 議案, ぎあん -legislative bill 戯曲, ぎきょく -play, drama 議決, ぎけつ -resolution, decision, vote 議事堂, ぎじどう -Diet building 犠牲, ぎせい -sacrifice 偽造, ぎぞう -forgery, falsification, fabrication, counterfeiting 議題, ぎだい -topic of discussion, agenda 技能, ぎのう -technical skill, ability, capacity 逆転, ぎゃくてん -(sudden) change, reversal, turn-around, coming from behind (baseball) 行, ぎょう -line, row, verse 業者, ぎょうしゃ -trader, merchant 行政, ぎょうせい -administration 業績, ぎょうせき -achievement, performance, results, work, contribution 業務, ぎょうむ -business, affairs, duties, work 玉, ぎょく -king (shogi) 漁船, ぎょせん -fishing boat 漁村, ぎょそん -fishing village 義理, ぎり -duty, sense of duty, honor, decency, courtesy, debt of gratitude, social obligation 疑惑, ぎわく -doubt, misgivings, distrust, suspicion 吟味, ぎんみ -testing, scrutiny, careful investigation 区, く -ward, district, section 食い違う, くいちがう -to cross each other, to run counter to, to differ, to clash, to go awry 空腹, くうふく -hunger 区画, くかく -division, section, compartment, boundary, area, block 区間, くかん -section (of track etc) 茎, くき -stalk 区切り, くぎり -an end, a stop, punctuation 潜る, くぐる -1. to drive, to pass through, 2. to evade, to hide, 3. to dive (into or under water), to go undergro 種々, くさぐさ -variety 嚏, くしゃみ -sneeze 旧事, くじ -past events, bygones 籤引, くじびき -lottery, drawn lot 擽ぐったい, くすぐったい -ticklish 草臥れる, くたびれる -to get tired, to wear out 下らない, くだらない -good-for-nothing, stupid, trivial, worthless 件, くだん -example, precedent, the usual, the said, the above-mentioned, (man) in question 口ずさむ, くちずさむ -to hum something, to sing to oneself 嘴, くちばし -beak, bill 朽ちる, くちる -to rot くっきり -distinctly, clearly, boldly 屈折, くっせつ -bending, indentation, refraction くっ付く, くっつく -to adhere to, to keep close to くっ付ける, くっつける -to attach 覆す, くつがえす -to overturn, to upset, to overthrow, to undermine 諄い, くどい -verbose, importunate, heavy (taste) 国境, くにざかい -national or state border 首飾り, くびかざり -necklace 首輪, くびわ -necklace, choker 組み合わせ, くみあわせ -combination 組み合わせる, くみあわせる -to join together, to combine, to join up 組み込む, くみこむ -to insert, to include, to cut in (printing) 蔵, くら -warehouse, cellar, magazine, granary, godown, depository, treasury, elevator 苦しめる, くるしめる -to torment, to harass, to inflict pain 包む, くるむ -to be engulfed in, to be enveloped by, to wrap up, to tuck in, to pack, to do up, to cover with, to dress i 呉れ呉れも, くれぐれも -repeatedly, sincerely, earnestly 呉れる, くれる -to give, to let one have, to do for one, to be given 玄人, くろうと -expert, professional, geisha, prostitute 黒字, くろじ -balance (figure) in the black 君主, くんしゅ -ruler, monarch 愚痴, ぐち -idle complaint, grumble ぐっと -firmly, fast, much, more ぐらい -approximately 群, ぐん -group (math) 軍艦, ぐんかん -warship, battleship 群集, ぐんしゅう -(social) group, crowd, throng, mob, multitude 軍事, ぐんじ -military affairs 軍備, ぐんび -armaments, military preparations 軍服, ぐんぷく -military or naval uniform 刑, けい -penalty, sentence, punishment 頃, けい -time, about, toward, approximately (time) 傾, けい -lean, incline 系, けい -system, lineage, group 経過, けいか -passage, expiration, progress 軽快, けいかい -rhythmical (e.g. melody), casual (e.g. dress), light, nimble 警戒, けいかい -warning, admonition, vigilance 計器, けいき -meter, gauge 契機, けいき -opportunity, chance 敬具, けいぐ -Sincerely yours 軽減, けいげん -abatement 掲載, けいさい -appearance (e.g. article in paper) 傾斜, けいしゃ -inclination, slant, slope, bevel, list, dip 形成, けいせい -formation 形勢, けいせい -condition, situation, prospects 軽率, けいそつ -rash, thoughtless, careless, hasty 携帯, けいたい -carrying something 形態, けいたい -form, shape, figure 刑罰, けいばつ -judgement, penalty, punishment 経費, けいひ -expenses, cost, outlay 警部, けいぶ -police inspector 軽蔑, けいべつ -scorn, disdain 経歴, けいれき -personal history, career 経路, けいろ -course, route, channel 汚す, けがす -to disgrace, to dishonour 汚らわしい, けがらわしい -filthy, unfair 汚れ, けがれ -uncleanness, impurity, disgrace 汚れる, けがれる -to get dirty, to become dirty 獣, けだもの -beast, brute 吝嗇, けち -stinginess, miser, miserliness, skinflint, tightwad, niggard, pinching pennies 結核, けっかく -tuberculosis, tubercule 血管, けっかん -blood vessel 決行, けっこう -doing (with resolve), carrying out (i.e. a plan) 決算, けっさん -balance sheet, settlement of accounts 決勝, けっしょう -decision of a contest, finals (in sports) 結晶, けっしょう -crystal, crystallization 結成, けっせい -formation 結束, けっそく -union, unity 傑, けつ -excellence 決意, けつい -decision, determination 決議, けつぎ -resolution, vote, decision 結合, けつごう -combination, union 決断, けつだん -decision, determination 欠乏, けつぼう -want, shortage, famine 蹴飛ばす, けとばす -to kick away, to kick off, to kick (someone), to refuse, to reject 貶す, けなす -to speak ill of 煙たい, けむたい -smoky, feeling awkward 煙る, けむる -to smoke (e.g. fire) 家来, けらい -retainer, retinue, servant けれど -but, however 圏, けん -sphere, circle, range 権, けん -authority, the right (to do something) 権威, けんい -authority, power, influence 兼業, けんぎょう -side line, second business 権限, けんげん -power, authority, jurisdiction 健在, けんざい -in good health, well 懸賞, けんしょう -offering prizes, winning, reward 検事, けんじ -public prosecutor 健全, けんぜん -health, soundness, wholesome 見地, けんち -point of view 賢明, けんめい -wisdom, intelligence, prudence 倹約, けんやく -thrift, economy, frugality 兼用, けんよう -multi-use, combined use, combination, serving two purposes 権力, けんりょく -power, authority, influence 劇団, げきだん -troupe, theatrical company 激励, げきれい -encouragement 月謝, げっしゃ -monthly tuition fee げっそり -being disheartened, losing weight 月賦, げっぷ -monthly installment 下痢, げり -diarrhoea 原, げん -original, primitive, primary, fundamental, raw 原形, げんけい -original form, base form 現行, げんこう -present, current, in operation 原作, げんさく -original work 原子, げんし -atom 元首, げんしゅ -ruler, sovereign 原書, げんしょ -original document 減少, げんしょう -decrease, reduction, decline 現場, げんじょう -actual spot, scene, scene of the crime 元素, げんそ -chemical element 原則, げんそく -principle, general rule 現像, げんぞう -developing (film) 現地, げんち -actual place, local 限定, げんてい -limit, restriction 原点, げんてん -origin (coordinates), starting point 原典, げんてん -original (text) 減点, げんてん -subtract, give a demerit 原爆, げんばく -atomic bomb 原文, げんぶん -the text, original 厳密, げんみつ -strict, close 原油, げんゆ -crude oil 言論, げんろん -discussion 故, こ -the late (deceased) 戸, こ -counter for houses 児, こ -child, the young of animals 巨, こ -big, large, great 恋する, こいする -to fall in love with, to love 溝, こう -10^38, hundred undecillion (American), hundred sextillion (British) 好意, こうい -good will, favor, courtesy 行為, こうい -act, deed, conduct 行員, こういん -bank clerk 交易, こうえき -trade, commerce 公演, こうえん -public performance 後悔, こうかい -regret, repentance 公開, こうかい -presenting to the public 航海, こうかい -sail, voyage 工学, こうがく -engineering 皇居, こうきょ -Imperial Palace 好況, こうきょう -prosperous conditions, healthy economy 抗議, こうぎ -protest, objection 鉱業, こうぎょう -mining industry 興業, こうぎょう -industrial enterprise 高原, こうげん -tableland, plateau 煌々と, こうこうと -brilliantly, brightly 考古学, こうこがく -archaeology 交互, こうご -mutual, reciprocal, alternate 工作, こうさく -work, construction, handicraft, maneuvering 耕作, こうさく -cultivation, farming 鉱山, こうざん -mine (ore) 講習, こうしゅう -short course, training 交渉, こうしょう -negotiations, discussions, connection 高尚, こうしょう -high, noble, refined, advanced 行進, こうしん -march, parade 香辛料, こうしんりょう -spices 口述, こうじゅつ -verbal statement 控除, こうじょ -subsidy, deduction 向上, こうじょう -elevation, rise, improvement, advancement, progress 降水, こうすい -rainfall, precipitation 洪水, こうずい -flood 公然, こうぜん -open (e.g. secret), public, official 抗争, こうそう -dispute, resistance 構想, こうそう -plan, plot, idea, conception 拘束, こうそく -restriction, restraint 後退, こうたい -retreat, backspace (BS) 光沢, こうたく -brilliance, polish, lustre, glossy finish (of photographs) 公団, こうだん -public corporation 好調, こうちょう -favourable, promising, satisfactory, in good shape 口頭, こうとう -oral 講読, こうどく -reading, translation 購読, こうどく -subscription (e.g. magazine) 購入, こうにゅう -purchase, buy 公認, こうにん -official recognition, authorization, licence, accreditation 光熱費, こうねつひ -cost of fuel and light 荒廃, こうはい -ruin 購買, こうばい -purchase, buy 好評, こうひょう -popularity, favorable reputation 交付, こうふ -delivering, furnishing (with copies) 降伏, こうふく -capitulation, surrender, submission 興奮, こうふん -excitement, stimulation, agitation, arousal 公募, こうぼ -public appeal, public contribution 巧妙, こうみょう -ingenious, skillful, clever, deft 公用, こうよう -government business, public use, public expense 小売, こうり -retail 効率, こうりつ -efficiency 公立, こうりつ -public (institution) 小柄, こがら -short (build) 小切手, こぎって -cheque, check 国産, こくさん -domestic products 国定, こくてい -state-sponsored, national 国土, こくど -realm 告白, こくはく -confession, acknowledgement 国防, こくぼう -national defence 国有, こくゆう -national ownership 国連, こくれん -U.N., United Nations 漕ぐ, こぐ -to row, to scull, to pedal 焦げ茶, こげちゃ -black tea 個々, ここ -individual, one by one 箇箇, ここ -individual, separate 心地, ここち -feeling, sensation, mood 心得, こころえ -knowledge, information 心掛け, こころがけ -readiness, intention, aim 心掛ける, こころがける -to bear in mind, to aim to do 志, こころざし -will, intention, motive 志す, こころざす -to plan, to intend, to aspire to, to set aims (sights on) 心強い, こころづよい -heartening, reassuring 心細い, こころぼそい -helpless, forlorn, hopeless, unpromising, lonely, discouraging, disheartening 試み, こころみ -trial, experiment 試みる, こころみる -to try, to test 快い, こころよい -pleasant, agreeable 凝らす, こごらす -to freeze, to congeal 凝る, こごる -to congeal, to freeze 拵える, こしらえる -to make, to manufacture 孤児, こじ -orphan 拗れる, こじれる -to get complicated, to grow worse 故人, こじん -the deceased, old friend 梢, こずえ -treetop 個性, こせい -individuality, personality, idiosyncrasy 戸籍, こせき -census, family register 小銭, こぜに -coins, small change 固体, こたい -solid (body) 答え, こたえ -answer, response 堪える, こたえる -to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with, to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave, to be fit for, t 火燵, こたつ -table with heater, (orig) charcoal brazier in a floor well 古代, こだい -ancient times こだわる -to fuss over, to be particular about, to be concerned about 誇張, こちょう -exaggeration 滑稽, こっけい -funny, humorous, comical, laughable, ridiculous, joking 国交, こっこう -diplomatic relations 骨董品, こっとうひん -curio 骨, こつ -knack, skill 固定, こてい -fixation 事柄, ことがら -matter, thing, affair, circumstance 悉く, ことごとく -altogether, entirely 言伝, ことづて -declaration, hearsay 殊に, ことに -especially, above all 事によると, ことによると -depending on the circumstances 孤独, こどく -isolation, loneliness, solitude 粉々, こなごな -in very small pieces 此の, この -this この間, このあいだ -the other day, lately, recently この頃, このごろ -recently 好ましい, このましい -nice, likeable, desirable 個別, こべつ -particular case 零す, こぼす -to spill 零れる, こぼれる -to overflow, to spill 細やか, こまやか -friendly 混む, こむ -to be crowded 込める, こめる -to include, to put into 篭る, こもる -to seclude oneself, to be confined in, to be implied, to be stuffy 固有, こゆう -characteristic, tradition, peculiar, inherent, eigen- 雇用, こよう -employment (long term), hire 暦, こよみ -calendar, almanac 堪える, こらえる -to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with, to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave, to be fit for, t 孤立, こりつ -isolation, helplessness 懲りる, こりる -to learn by experience, to be disgusted with 此れ, これ -this 此れ等, これら -these 魂, こん -soul, spirit 根気, こんき -patience, perseverance, energy 根拠, こんきょ -basis, foundation 混血, こんけつ -mixed race, mixed parentage 昆虫, こんちゅう -insect, bug 根底, こんてい -root, basis, foundation 混同, こんどう -confusion, mixing, merger 今日は, こんにちは -hello, good day (daytime greeting id) 今晩は, こんばんは -good evening 根本, こんぽん -origin, source, foundation, root, base, principle 御, ご -go-, honourable 語彙, ごい -vocabulary, glossary 濠, ごう -moat 業, ごう -Buddhist karma, actions committed in a former life 号, ごう -number, issue 合意, ごうい -agreement, consent, mutual understanding 合議, ごうぎ -consultation, conference 強気, ごうぎ -great, grand 合成, ごうせい -synthesis, composition, synthetic, composite, mixed, combined, compound 護衛, ごえい -guard, convoy, escort 語句, ごく -words, phrases 極楽, ごくらく -paradise ご苦労様, ごくろうさま -Thank you very much for your.... 語源, ごげん -word root, word derivation, etymology 誤差, ごさ -error ご座います, ございます -to be (polite), to exist ご馳走, ごちそう -feast, treating (someone) ご馳走さま, ごちそうさま -feast 毎, ごと -each respectively 碁盤, ごばん -Go board ご無沙汰, ごぶさた -not writing or contacting for a while 誤魔化す, ごまかす -to deceive, to falsify, to misrepresent 御免ください, ごめんください -May I come in? 御免なさい, ごめんなさい -I beg your pardon, excuse me 御覧なさい, ごらんなさい -(please) look, (please) try to do