Flora of New York/Vitales, Zygophyllales, Celastrales, Oxalidales

Vitales, Zygophyllales, Celastrales, Oxalidales Proteales…Saxifragales Proteales, Buxales, Hamamelidales, Saxifragales Malpighiales (1) Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae Order Vitales The order Vitales contains the single family Vitaceae.Vitales in P.F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. 15 July 2015. Family Vitaceae The Vitaceae (grape family), in New York State, consists of Vitis (grapes), Parthenocissus (creepers), and Ampelopsis (porcelainberry)Vitaceae The tribal classification used here is based on Jun Wen et al. (2018).Jun Wen, Limin Lu, Ze-Long Nie, Xiu-Qun Liu, Ning Zhang, Stefanie Ickert-Bond, Jean Gerrath, Steven Manchester, John Boggan, Zhiduan Chen (2018). "A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae): Tribal classification of Vitaceae." Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56(4): 262-272. Tribe Ampelopsideae Ampelopsis s.l. was shown to be paraphyletic in recent phylogenetic studies and was split into the two genera: Ampelopsis s.s. and Nekemias.Jun Wen, Limin Lu, Ze-Long Nie, Xiu-Qun Liu, Ning Zhang, Stefanie Ickert-Bond, Jean Gerrath, Steven Manchester, John Boggan, Zhiduan Chen (2018). "A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae): Tribal classification of Vitaceae." Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56(4): 262-272. Ampelopsis Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (5033106370).jpg Ampelopsis glandulosa The two North American peppervine species Nekemias arborea and Ampelopsis cordata are not known to naturalize in New York State, but two native Chinese Ampelopsis species, including the highly invasive porcelain berry (A. glandulosa), have been found to naturalize in the southeastern part of the state and more recently in the Finger Lakes region.iMapInvasives New York map for Ampelopsis brevipedunculata. Vitales Vitaceae Ampelopsideae Ampelopsis Ampelopsis Peppervine 306 2 Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. 1784 Vitis heterophylla Thunb. 1824 Vitis glandulosa Wall. 1859 Cissus brevipedunculata Maxim. Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 68 (1859) 1845 Ampelopsis heterophylla (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. nom. illeg., later hom. not Blume 1825 1861 Cissus humulifolia (Bunge) Regel brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Regel Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 35 (1861) 1883 Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 176 (1883) 1887 Ampelopsis heterophylla (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. amurensis Planch. 1892 Vitis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Dippel 1971 Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. 1977 Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. brevipedunculata Momiy. 1996 Ampelopsis heterophylla (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. brevipedunculata C.L.Li Porcelain berry Amur pepper-vine Porcelain vine Vigne vierge à fruits bleus Introduced China Highly invasive Prohibited NE-1NE1 71%Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Highly invasive 71% 3126 X Oran-Dutc-Putn-Rock AMBR7 X0 4052825 28979 ampelopsis/glandulosa 204237-Ampelopsis-glandulosa 28632 311667 242302746 34001567 Ampelopsis%20glandulosa Ampelopsis brevipedunculata nymap.svg Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata - Blue and Purple Berries 2000px.jpg Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bunge Monk's-hood-vine 1833 Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bunge 1873 Vitis aconitifolia (Bunge) Hance 1884 Vitis serianiifolia aconitifolia (Bunge) Franch. auct Ampelopsis cordata Michx. (1803) Monk's-hood-vine Introduced China Naturalized Perennial Vine 7256 Xn AMAC4 X0 3039182 85461-Ampelopsis-aconitifolia 34001557 34001557 nymap.svg New York (2013) no observations Ampelopsis aconitifolia 2c.JPG Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Heart leaf peppervine 2021 iNaturalist Raccoon grape 2021 New York Flora Atlas Introduced southeast US N. America native 7638 Xn 3039183 135393-Ampelopsis-cordata nymap.svg Queens (2017) 0 counties Ampelopsis cordata iNat-90602454.jpg Tribe Cayratieae Tribe Cayratieae contains the genera: Cayratia, Causonis, Pseudocayratia, Acareosperma, Cyphostemma, and Tetrastigma,Jun Wen, Limin Lu, Ze-Long Nie, Xiu-Qun Liu, Ning Zhang, Stefanie Ickert-Bond, Jean Gerrath, Steven Manchester, John Boggan, Zhiduan Chen (2018). "A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae): Tribal classification of Vitaceae." Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56(4): 262-272. none of which are known to have naturalized in New York State, but Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf. (bushkiller) has been reported in adjacent states and would be considered highly invasive in New York. Causonis Cayratia japonica2.jpg Causonis japonica The nearest research-grade observations of Causonis japonica to New York State as of 2021 appear to be from near Baltimore, Maryland.iNaturalist observations of Causonis japonica as of 2021. Vitales Vitaceae   Cayratieae   Causonis Causonis       Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf. 1784 Vitis japonica Thunb. 1797 Cissus japonica (Thunb.) Willd. 1830 Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf. 1838 Causonia japonica (Thunb.) Raf. 1910 Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. 1911 Cayratia tenuifolia (Wight & Arn.) Gagnep. 1918 Columella japonica (Thunb.) Merr. Bushkiller 2021 iNaturalist Introduced Highly invasive 13557 1b 2.143493/Cayratia_japonica GNR CAJA7 X0 3039177 410986 34003197 nymap.svg No counties No counties Cayratia japonica1.jpg Tribe Viteae Vitis Vitis riparia HabitusLeavesFruits BotGardBln0906.JPG Vitis riparia (river grape) Although they are often treated as weeds, most wild grape vines found in New York are native plants that provide good nourishment for wildlife. Their problem stems from their tendency to dominate trees and shrubs on forest edges. Due to the fragmented state of much of New York's woodland, the edges comprise a large portion of the forest that most people experience. Many of what we consider natural areas or family woodlots are primarily forest edge, giving grape vines an undesired advantage over native trees and shrubs. Grapevines don't tolerate shade well, so they are easy to control in an established woods. It may be beneficial to allow grapes to dominate exotic invasive trees and shrubs. Vitales Vitaceae Vitoideae Vitis Vitis Grape 556 11 Vitis riparia Michx. 1803 Vitis riparia Michx. 1856 V. cordifolia riparia (Michx.) A.Gray 1893 V. riparia praecox Engelm. ex L.H. Bailey 1897 V. vulpina praecox (Engelm. ex L.H. Bailey) L.H. Bailey 1923 V. vulpina syrticola Fernald & Wiegand 1939 V. riparia syrticola (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald 1949 V. vulpina riparia (Michx.) R.T.Clausen River grape Riverbank grape Frost grape Vigne des rivages Vigne souvage Raisin souvage Native Secure 3 FACW FAC Perennial Vine 3123 5 Onon-Cayu-Tomp-Madi VIRI NN Onon-Oswe-Tomp-Madi 9543 vitis/riparia 28624 41893 34000212 Vitis+riparia Vitis%20riparia Cluster of frost grapes (Southeast Michigan).JPG 120 Vitis aestivalis Michx. 1803 Vitis aestivalis Michx. 1820 V. bicolor Raf. 1890 V. aestivalis bicolor A.Gray 1897 V. argentifolia Munson 1921 V. lecontiana House 1924 V. aestivalis bicolor Deam 1934 V. smalliana L.H.Bailey 1940 V. gigas J.H.Fennel 1936 V. aestivalis argentifolia (Munson ex L.H.Bailey) Fernald 1987 V. aestivalis smalliana Comeaux Summer grape Small grape Pigeon grape Silverleaf grape Blue grape Vigne d'été Native Secure 4 FACU Perennial Vine 3121 5 Onon-Oswe-Tomp-Madi VIAE N0 Oran-Putn-Rock-West 9541 vitis/aestivalis 530851 41846 34000010 Vitis aestivalis var aestivalis NY-dist-map.png Vitis aestivalis 1120452.jpg 120 Vitis labrusca L. 1753 Vitis labrusca L. 1818 V. labrusca labruscoides Eaton 1830 V. labrusca alba Prince 1830 V. labrusca rosea Prince 1940 V. labrusca subedentata Fernald Northern fox grape Fox grape Skunk grape Concord grape Vigne lambruche Vigne américaine Vigne framboisier Native Secure 6 FACU Perennial Vine 3116 5 VILA8 NX 9542 vitis/labrusca 28608 41879 34000022 Wild Grapes.JPG 120 Vitis × novae-angliae Fernald Vitis labrusca Vitis riparia 1917 Vitis × novae-angliae Fernald New England grape Pilgrim grape Native Very vulnerable FAC FACW Perennial Vine SNA, GNA 3119 2 VINO2 N0 28654 vitis/labrusca 28622 311855 250101303 Vitis%20X%20novae-angliae Vitis × novae-angliae NY-dist-map.png 7 counties Nassau (2017) Vitis × novae-angliae iNat-8274537 (3x4).jpg Vitis vulpina L. 1753 Vitis vulpina L. 1803 Vitis cordifolia sensu Macoun non Michx. 1818 Vitis cordifolia vulpina (L.) Eaton 1891 Vitis vinifera vulpina (L.) Kuntze 1934 Vitis illex L.H.Bailey Winter grape Frost grape Vigne des renards VASCAN acc 2017: McMurray & Lehela 1999 Vigne des battures VASCAN 2017: Newcomb 1983 Native Endangered 5 FAC Perennial Vine 3124 1 Vitis vulpina L. - winter grape - Often confused with V. riparia. VIVU NN 9545 Vitis/vulpina 28610 41907 34000027 Vitis%20vulpina Vitis vulpina kz01 (3x4).jpg Vitis × slavinii Rehder Vitis aestivalis Vitis riparia 1922 Vitis × slavinii Rehder Slavin's grape Summer grape River grape Native Unranked FACU Perennial Vine SNA, GNA 3118 ? 34001113 nymap.svg Monroe (1920) Ny hybrid.svg Vitis vinifera L. 1753 Vitis vinifera L. European grape Wine grape Vinifera grape Vigne cultivée Vigne Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Not naturalized Perennial Vine, shrub SNR, G4 3122 X (none) VIVI5 XX NY,PA,MA,VA etc. 41905 nymap.svg Onondaga (1949) Grožđe kardinal (2015).jpg Vitis × alexanderi Prince ex Jacques Vitis labrusca Vitis vinifera 1822 Vitis × alexanderi Prince nom. nud. 1829 Vitis × alexanderi Prince ex Jacques 1830 Vitis × prolifera Raf. 1834 Vitis isabellae alexanderi (Jacques) Jacques 1923 Vitis × labruscana L.H.Bailey Concord grape Fox grape Vinifera grape Introduced Not naturalized Vine SNA, GNA 3117 Xnn VILA18 00 Vitis ×labruscana L.H. Bailey (excluded) Vitis × labruscana NY-dist-map.png Cayuga, Columbia, Essex, Orleans, Saratoga, St.Lawrence (1952) Concord grapes in the backyard just beginning to ripen.jpg Vitis Grape 556 X (excluded taxa) Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millardet Pierre Marie Alexis Millardet (1838-1902) Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Bordeaux, sér. 2. 3:319,336. 1880. 1880 Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Millardet Graybark grape N. America native southern U.S. Excluded X 292 EXCLUDED VICI2 N0 41863 34000015 nymap.svg Vitis cinerea BotGardBln07122011B.JPG Vitis palmata Vahl Catbird grape N. America native southern U.S. Excluded X 828 VIPA7 N0 Vitis/palmata nymap.svg Vitis palmata NRCS-2.jpg Vitis aestivalis × vulpina Summer grape Winter grape N. America native Excluded X 293 EXCLUDED 50162762 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Tribe Parthenocisseae Parthenocissus Parthenocissus quinquefolia 6692.jpg Parthenocissus quinquefoliaVirginia creeper tendril Parthenocissus is made up of two disjunct groups: a North American clade and an Asian clade. Ze-Long Nie, et al. (2010) "Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic diversification of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) disjunct between Asia and North America." Am. J. Bot. August 2010 vol. 97 no. 8 1342-1353. The two North American creepers found in New York (Virgina creeper and thicket creeper) are very similar in appearence. Both have similar five-lobed leaves, but they differ in the way their tendrils attach to surfaces for climbing. Virgina creeper (P. quinquefolia) attaches using adhesive pads, allowing it to climb smooth surfaces such as smooth rocks and buildings, similar to the way Boston ivy climbs. The tendrils of thicket creeper (P. inserta) attach by twining around objects. ParthenocissusLeafletsHabitTendrilsFruitInflorescenceP. quinquefoliaVirginia creeperdull above,pubescent belowhigh-climbing or on groundseveral branches terminating with dilated adhesive discsrare,smallercentral axis with 25-200 flowers in panicled groups P. insertathicket creepershiny above,glabrous belowsprawling over ground or structuresfew branches,no adhesive discscommon,slightly largerdichotomously branched,10-60 flowers Vitales Vitaceae Vitoideae Parthenocisseae Parthenocissus Parthenocissus North American clade Creeper 703 3 Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. 1753 Hedera quinquefolia L. 1803 Ampelopsis quinquefolia (L.) Michx. 1887 Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. 1939 Parthenocissus quinquefolia hirsuta (Pursh) Fernald Virginia creeper Five-leaved ivy Five-finger Vigne vierge à 5 folioles Parthénocisse à 5 folioles Vigne vierge vraie Vigne vierge grimpante Native Secure 4 FACU Perennial Vine 3120 5 Onon-Tomp-Oswe-Madi PAQU2 NN 9539 parthenocissus/quinquefolia 50278 28602 26804 34000007 Parthenocissus%20quinquefolia Deadwood With Virginia Creeper.jpg Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch 1887 Vitis inserta A.Kern. 1893 Ampelopsis quinquefolia vitacea Knerr 1894 Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. 1922 Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kern.) Fritsch Thicket Creeper Woodbine False Virginia Creeper Vigne vierge commune Vigne vierge Native Secure 2 Perennial Vine 7093 5 Cayu-Tomp-Oswe-Madi PAVI5 N0 Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. 9538 Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kerner) Fritsch parthenocissus/inserta 181927 28605 Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. 101074 Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kern.) Fritsch 34000379 Parthenocissus%20inserta Parthenocissus inserta.jpg Parthenocissus Asian clade Creeper 703 3 Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. 1845 Ampelopsis tricuspidata S.& Z. 1868 A. veitchii hort. nom. inval. 1887 P. tricuspidata (S.& Z.) Planch. Boston ivy Japanese creeper Japanese ivy Grape ivy Vigne vierge tricuspidée Vigne vierge de Veitch Vigne-vierge du Japon Introduced temperate Asia Potentially invasive Perennial Vine 3125 X Otse-Alba-Oran-Rock PATR6 XX IPA IO 9540 parthenocissus/tricuspidata 166162 28604 310629 Parthenocissus tricuspidata nymap.svg Parthenocissus tricuspidata leaves.jpg Order Zygophyllales The Zygophyllales contain the two families Krameriaceae and Zygophyllaceae according to A.P.G. III (2009).Zygophyllales in P.F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. 15 July 2015. Family Zygophyllaceae The Zygophyllaceae (bean-caper or caltrop family) contains two exotic species that are not known to truly naturalize in New York but are of concern because they are listed as invasive in parts of North America.Zygophyllaceae Subfamily Tribuloideae Tribulus thumb|Puncture vinePuncturevine is considered to be invasive in much of the U.S. and is now listed as naturalized in New York State. It is a weed of at least 21 crops in 37 countries and is toxic to livestock, which can also suffer injury to their mouths, eyes, digestive tracts and skin from its burrs.CABI, 2017 Tribulus terrestris Invasive Species Compendium, Wallingford, UK: CAB International. www.cabi.org/isc. Zygophyllales Zygophyllaceae Tribuloideae Tribulus Tribulus Puncturevine 249 1 Tribulus terrestris L. 1753 Tribulus terrestris L. 1753 T. lanuginosus L. 1830 T. bimucronatus Viv. 1920 T. saharae A.Chev. 1946 T. terrestris L. sericeus Andersson ex Svenson nom. illeg. Puncture vine Puncture-vine Puncture weed Puncturevine weed Caltrop Small caltrop Land caltrop Goathead Mexican sandbur Texas sandbur Croix-de-Malte Tribule terrestre Introduced Eurasia, Africa, Australia Potentially invasive Naturalized 1216 3937 5421116 Annual Herb-forb SNA 2.134538/Zygophyllum_fabago Exotic GNR 3134 Xn TRTE Xw 5421116 9556 Tribulus/terrestris 64238-Tribulus-terrestris 29057 100965 34600016 Tribulus%20terrestris 54447 nymap.svg 5 counties 3 counties Tribulus terrestris00.jpg Subfamily Zygophylloideae Zygophyllum The Syrian bean-caper (Zygophyllum fabago) is considered to be potentially invasive in parts of the U.S., but is not thought to have naturalized in New York. Zygophyllales Zygophyllaceae Zygophylloideae Zygophyllum Zygophyllum Beancaper 866 1 Zygophyllum fabago L. 1753 Zygophyllum fabago L. 1867 Z. fabago L. brachycarpum Boiss. Caper-bean Syrian beancaper Syrian bean-caper Introduced Eurasia Impersistent Not naturalized Perennial Herb-forb 6613 Xm ZYFA X0 29059 317711 Zygophyllum%20fabago nymap.svg Zygophyllum fabago, SW Ukraine.jpg Order Celastrales The order Celastrales ... Family Celastraceae The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet family) in New York contains the genera Euonymus (spindletree), Celastrus (bittersweet), as well as Parnassia (grass-of-Parnassus), which has also been included in the Saxifragaceae and Parnassiaceae. Subfamily Parnassioideae Parnassia thumb|right|Parnassia glaucacommon grass of Parnassus Celastrales Celastraceae Parnassioideae Parnassia Parnassia Grass-of-Parnassus 554 2 Parnassia glauca Raf. 1813 P. americana Muhl. 1840 P. glauca Raf. auct P. caroliniana Michx. (1803) Common grass of Parnassus Fen grass of Parnassus American grass-of-parnassus Glaucous grass-of-Parnassus "Carolina" grass-of-Parnassus Parnassie à feuilles glauques Parnassie glauque Native Likely secure 8 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 2894 4 Parnassia glauca Raf. - common grass-of-Parnassus - Rich fens, calcareous rocky stream banks, and calcareous open to partly shaded seeps. PAGL3 NN 7131 parnassia/glauca 24210 29100035 Parnassia+glauca Parnassia%20glauca Parnassia glauca WFNY-085.jpg Parnassia palustris L. 1753 Parnassia palustris L. Marsh grass-of-Parnassus Marsh grass of Parnassus Northern grass of Parnassus Meadow grass-of-Parnassus Parnassie des marais Parnassie palustre Native Likely extirpated 10 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 7454 U PAPA8 NN 7133 29100039 nymap.svg Parnassia palustris (Vosges).JPG Parnassia Grass-of-Parnassus 554 X (excluded taxa) Parnassia caroliniana Michx. André Michaux (1746-1802). Flora Boreali-Americana 1:184. 1803. 1803 P. caroliniana Michx. Carolina grass of Parnassus N. America native southeast U.S. Excluded X OBL Perennial Herb-forb X 290 EXCLUDED PACA13 N0 400652 29100432 nymap.svg According to season; talks about the flowers in the order of their appearance in the woods and fields (1902) (16769662095).jpg Subfamily Celastroideae Euonymus Of the six native and naturalized Euonymus species in New York, three are native, and three have been introduced and are considered to be invasive.Matthew Sarver, et al. (2008) "Mistaken Identity? Invasive Plants and their Native Look-alikes, an Identification Guidefor the Mid-Atlantic." Delaware Department of Agriculture. Euonymus subg. Euonymus sect. Euonymus Euonymus atropurpureus NRCS-002 4-3.jpg Euonymus atropurpureus The most common native Euonymus in New York is Euonymus atropurpureus (or eastern wahoo). It is sometimes confused with the somewhat-invasiveWatch list species highlight: European Spindle Tree (Euonymus europaeus). Vermont Invasives. 2024 Euonymus europaeus (or European spindle tree). The two can be distinguished by several characteristics, including: Euonymus atropurpureus (American wahoo)Euonymus europaeus (European spindletree)Leaves:pubescent beneath or entirely glabrousglabrous above & beneathPetals:wide, dark brown-purplenarrow, light green-yellow-whiteInflorescence:umbels of 7-15 flowersumbels of 3-8 flowersCapsule:pink to purplered to pinkAril:scarletorangeSeedbrownwhite Celastrales Celastraceae Celastroideae Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus Spindletree 145 5 L. Euonymus Euonymus Euonymus atropurpureus atropurpureus Jacq. 1772. Euonymus atropurpurea orth. var. 1772. Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. in Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2:55 1785. Euonymus caroliniensis Marshall in Arbust. Amer.: 43 1785. Euonymus latifolius Marshall in Arbust. Amer.: 43, sensu auct. 1796. Euonymus tristis Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:142 1831. Euonymus atropurpureus Hook. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:119, nom. illeg. 1838. Euonymus atropurpureus var. grandifolius Raf. in New Fl. 3:60 1838. Euonymus atropurpureus var. latifolius Raf. in New Fl. 3:60 1838. Euonymus atropurpureus var. oblongifolius Raf. in New Fl. 3:60 1941. Euonymus atropurpureus var. cheatumii Lundell in Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 6:41 American wahoo Eastern wahoo Eastern spindle-tree Burning bush Bitter-ash Fusain pourpre Fusain de l'Est Native Likely secure 6 FACU Perennial Tree, shrub Sun - part shade 2n = 32 S4, G5-T5 791 17 counties Allegany, Dutchess, Erie, Genesee, Kings, Livingston, Niagara, Ontario, Otsego, Putnam}, Rensselaer, Tioga, Tompkins, Ulster, Westchester, Wyoming, Yates 117432-Euonymus-atropurpureus 9 counties 9 counties 3169121 present in NY present in New York State EUATA2 NN 276986-2 3436 4452 euonymus/atropurpureus 895070 16251 Euonymus_atropurpureus EUAT5 Euonymus%20atropurpureus Euonymus atropurpureus var atropurpureus nymap.svg Euonymus atropurpureus fruit (2x3).jpg Euonymus europaeus L. 1753. Euonymus europaeus L. in Sp. Pl.:197 1768. Euonymus vulgaris Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.°1 1774. Euonymus latifolius S.G.Gmel. in Reise Russland 1:130 1782. Euonymus angustifolius Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2:128, opus utique oppr. 1838. Euonymus fibrillifer Fisch. & C.A.Mey. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1843. Euonymus quadrigonus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 1:497 1856. Euonymus floribundus Steven in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(II):122 1863. Euonymus medius Kit. in Linnaea 32:641 1867. Euonymus flavescens Paul in Gardener (Edinburgh) 2:383 1891. Euonymus bulgaricus Velen. in Fl. Bulg.:116 1959. Euonymus czernjaevii Klokov in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk 1959. Euonymus medirossicus Klokov in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk 1959. Euonymus odessanus Klokov in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk 1959. Euonymus suberosus Klokov in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk European spindletree European euonymus Fusain d'Europe Bonnet de prêtre Introduced Moderately invasive CP-5CP5 60%Euonymus europaeus Moterate 60 all Perennial Tree, shrub SNA, GNR 796 19 counties Cort-Oswe-Onta-Dela 55847-Euonymus-europaeus 23 counties present in NY present in New York State EUEU7 XX 160876-1 3437 4453 euonymus/europaeus Euonymus_europaeus Euonymus europaeus nymap.svg Euonymus europaeus 9946 (2x3).jpg Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. W.Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 403 (1824) 1824. Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. in W.Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2 1827. Euonymus sieboldianus Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1147 1832. Euonymus atropurpureus Roxb. in Fl. Ind.1: 627, nom. illeg. homonym. post. 1882. Euonymus europaeus var. hamiltonianus (Wall.) Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Hamilton's Spindle Hamilton's Spindletree Himalayan spindle Siebold's spindle Hamilton's strawberry bush Introduced Asia Potentially ivasive 359219-Euonymus-hamiltonianus 10 counties EUHA7 X 160922-1 64719 nymap.svg Euonymus_hamiltonianus_yedoensis_JRVdH_06.jpg Euonymus subg. Euonymus sect. Echinococcus American Euonymus - Euonymus americanus, Meadowood Farm SRMA, Mason Neck, Virginia.jpg Euonymus americanus Celastrales Celastraceae Celastroideae Euonymus Euonymus Echinococcus Euonymus Spindletree 145 5 L. Euonymus Echinococcus Euonymus obovatus Nutt. 1818 Euonymus obovatus Nutt. 1892 Eu. americanus obovatus (Nutt.) Dippel Running strawberry-bush Native Vulnerable 7 FAC FACU Perennial Shrub, subshrub Vine 6594 3 Sene-Gene-Catt EUOB8 XX 104665 6600299 EUOB8 Euonymus obovatus nymap.svg Euonymus obovatus EPA-1.jpg 120 Euonymus americanus L. Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778). Species Plantarum 1:197. 1-May-1753. 1753 Euonymus americanus L. 1753 Euonymus americana L., orth. var. American strawberry bush Bursting hearts Bursting heart Native Endangered S1 7 FAC Perennial Herb-forb Subshrub Heliophily: 3 Part shade 794 1 Erie-Rock EUAM9 N0 16250 6600295 EUAM9 Euonymus+americanus Euonymus%20americanus Euonymus americanus nymap.svg Euonymus americanus 1120517.jpg Euonymus subg. Euonymus sect. Ilicifolia Celastrales Celastraceae Celastroideae Euonymus Euonymus Ilicifolia Euonymus Spindletree 145 5 L. Euonymus Ilicifolia Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. radicans (Siebold ex Miq.) Rehder 1851. Euonymus hederaceus Champ. ex Benth. p.p. 1863. Elaeodendron fortunei Turcz. p.p. 1865. Euonymus japonicus var. radicans Sieb. ex Miq. 1867. Euonymus radicans Sieb. ex Miq. 1938. Euonymus fortunei var. radicans (Siebold ex Miq.) Rehder --- Climbing euonymus Winter creeper Evergreen bittersweet Climbing spindle-tree Fortune's euonymus --- Fusain de Fortune Fusain rampant Introduced Highly invasive Regulated CP-4CP4 Perennial Shrub, vine 78%Euonymus fortunei High 78 LH 790 X EUFOR2 XX 4454 euonymus/fortunei 528151 16262 Euonymus fortunei var radicans nymap.svg Euonymus fortunei 5422029.jpg 120 Euonymus subg. Euonymus sect. Melanocarya Euonymus alatus nanus - Flickr - peganum.jpg Euonymus alatusburningbush, winged euonymus The non-native burning bush or winged euonymus (Euonymus alatus) is widely planted for its bright fall foliage and can easily naturalize in wooded areas, where it often becomes invasive. Celastrales Celastraceae Celastroideae Euonymus Euonymus Melanocarya Euonymus Spindletree 145 1 L. Euonymus Melanocarya Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold 1784 Celastrus alatus Thunb. 1784 Celastrus striatus Thunb. 1826 Euonymus subtriflorus Blume 1826 Euonymus thunbergianus Blume 1830 Euonymus alatus Siebold --- Burning bush Winged euonymus Winged burning bush Winged spindle tree --- Fusain ailé Introduced eastern Asia Very highly invasive Regulated CP-3CP3 81%Euonymus alatus Very high 81% 792 X Chem-Erie-Warr EUAL13 XX 4450 euonymus/alatus 16247 6600294 Euonymus alatus nymap.svg 2014-11-11 14 32 44 Euonymus alatus foliage during autumn along Idaho Street in Elko, Nevada.jpg Celastrus thumb|right|Celastrus scandensAmerican bittersweetThe genus Celastrus contains both a fairly rare American bittersweet and a very highly invasive Oriental bittersweet. The two species, which are known to hybridize, can be distinguished by their inflorescences, which form at the ends of the branches of American bittersweet and at the joints (axils) of Oriental bittersweet. Also, the leaf margins of American bittersweet are finely toothed, while those of Oriental bittersweet are wavy. Celastrisbittersweetflowersleaves (alternate)marginsseeds/capsuleC. scandensAmerican bittersweetterminal arrays (panicles) of ≥ 6suborbicular to broadly oblong-ovate (L ≥ 2W)fine teeth0 or 1C. orbiculatusOriental bittersweetaxillary arrays (cymes) of 2 or 3elliptic to ovate, acuminate (L < 2W)wavy≥ 5 Celastrales Celastraceae Celastroideae Celastrus Celastrus Bittersweet 844 2 Celastrus scandens L. 1753 Celastrus scandens L. 1794 Euonymoides scandens (L.) Moench 1902 Euonymus scandens (L.) E.H.L.Krause --- American bittersweet Climbing bittersweet --- Bourreau des arbres Célastre grimpant Native Rare 7 FACU Perennial Vine 795 3 CESC NN 4449 celastrus/scandens 9727 Celastrus scandens kz2.jpg Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. 1784 C. orbiculatus Thunb. 1784 C. articulatus Thunb. --- Oriental bittersweet Asian bittersweet Asiatic bittersweet Oriental staff vine --- Célastre asiatique Introduced temperate Asia Very highly invasive Prohibited CP-2CP2 NE-1NE1 87%Celastrus orbiculatus Very high 87% FACU UPL 793 X Onon-Oswe-Tomp CEOR7 XX 4448 celastrus/orbiculatus 506068 9719 6600291 Celastrus orbiculatus 080614.JPG Celastrus Bittersweet 844 X (excluded taxa) Celastrus gemmatus Loes. 1902 Celastrus gemmatus Loes. 1912 Embelia esquirolii H.Lév. 1935 C. lokchongensis Masam. Shrub-bittersweet Chinese staff vine Chinese bittersweet Introduced temperate Asia Excluded X 311 Suff CEGE3 00 Excluded! not listed not listed 9714 200012783 50283300 Excluded nymap.svg Order Oxalidales The order Oxalidales contains seven families, of which, only Oxalidaceae members have been discovered growing outside of cultivation in New York. Family Oxalidaceae The Oxalidaceae (wood-sorrel family) has traditionally been included in the Geraniales, but is now included here with phylogenically similar Rosids. The only Oxalidaceae genus known to grow in the wild in New York is Oxalis. Oxalis Oxalis (or wood-sorrel) species are not closely related to the several edible plants referred to as sorrel in the Rumex genus, and their visual appearance is quite different, but the taste of their leaves is said to be similar. Of the four Oxalis subgenera, only subg. Oxalis species have been found in New York. Oxalis subg. Oxalis sect. Oxalis Oxalis montana WFNY-107B.jpg Oxalis montana - northern wood-sorrel Sect. Oxalis contains several species of white wood-sorrel, of which only northern wood sorrel (Oxalis montana) is listed in New York. Oxalidales Oxalidaceae Oxalis Oxalis Oxalis Oxalis Wood-sorrel 20 6 Oxalis Oxalis montana Raf. 1818 Oxalis montana Raf. 1930 O. acetosella rhodantha R.Knuth 1958 O. acetosella montana Hultén auct O. acetosella non L. Northern wood-sorrel 2018 New York Flora Atlas White wood-sorrel 2017 Flora of North America. Vol. 12. Ch. 6. Oxalidaceae. Guy L. Nesom / 2018 VASCAN-A Mountain wood-sorrel 2018 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team / 2018 VASCAN ( ITIS, 2010) Sleeping-beauty 2017 Flora of North America. Vol. 12. Ch. 6. Oxalidaceae. Guy L. Nesom American wood-sorrel 2017 Flora of North America. Vol. 12. Ch. 6. Oxalidaceae. Guy L. Nesom / 2018 VASCAN Common wood-sorrel 2018 VASCAN (Hinds, 2000) Oxalide de montagne 2018 VASCAN-A (Marie-Victorin, 1995) Oxalide des bois 2018 VASCAN (Lamoureux, 2002) Native Secure 7 FAC FACU Perennial Herb-forb Part shade 2055 5 OXMO NN L48 & Canada Native 17829 oxalis/montana 29090 401793 Oxalis acetosella L. 250101501 23700277 375174-1 OXMO Oxalis+montana Oxalis%20montana Oxalis montana -- ZoomedInForDYK.jpg Oxalis subg. Oxalis sect. Corniculatae Oxalis stricta flowers and foliage 001.JPG Oxalis strictacommon yellow wood-sorrel Sect. Corniculatae contains the North American yellow-flowered caulescent Oxalis species, five of which are found in New York. This section has also been treated as the separate genus Xanthoxalis.Guy L. Nesomm (2009). "Again: taxonomy of yellow-flowered caulescent Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) in eastern North America." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3: 727–738. Recent research has suggested that Oxalis corniculata (arguably the weediest of this section) is likely to be a native of southeast Asia. Quentin J. Groom​, Jan Van der Straeten, Ivan Hoste (2019). The origin of Oxalis corniculata L. PeerJ 7:e6384 Oxalis exilis, a native of New Zealand and Tasmania, was reported in Jones Beach State Park in 2011.Andrew M. Greller & Garrett Herth (2011). "Report on the 2011 Finding of Houstonia pusilla Schoepf and Oxalis exilis A. Cunn. at two New York State Parks on the South Shore of Long Island." Long Island Botanical Society Quarterly Newsletter 21:4. Fall 2011. That identification seems to be in question however.Comment by Alex Wright (2018) in iNaturalist observation of Oxalis exilis in San Francisco, CA. Oxalidales Oxalidaceae Oxalis Oxalis Corniculatae Oxalis Yellow wood-sorrel 20 6 Corniculatae Oxalis stricta L. 1753. Oxalis stricta L. in Sp. Pl.:435 1785. Oxys stricta (L.) All. in Fl. Pedem. 2:89, nom illeg. 1794. Oxalis ambigua Salisb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2:242 1798. Oxalis corniculata var. stricta (L.) Sav. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck 1854. Oxalis europaea Jord. in Arch. Fl. France Allemagne 2:309 1891. Acetosella stricta (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:91 1896. Oxalis cymosa Small in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23:267 1903. Xanthoxalis bushii (Small) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.:667 1903. Xanthoxalis stricta (L.) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.:667 1903. Xanthoxalis cymosa (Small) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.:668 1916. Ceratoxalis cymosa (Small) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:468 1916. Ceratoxalis stricta (L.) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:468 1942. Xanthoxalis europaea (Jord.) Moldenke in Castanea 7:125 Common yellow wood-sorrel Common yellow oxalis Upright yellow wood-sorrel European wood-sorrel Tall wood-sorrel Oxalide d'Europe Oxalide dressée Oxalide stricte, Surette Pain d'oiseau, Oxalis droit Native Secure 0 FACU Perennial Herb-forb Sun 2056 56 counties 56 counties 53183-Oxalis-stricta 55 counties 55 counties present in NY present in New York State OXST NX L48:Native,Can:Introduced 7083 oxalis/stricta 29095 26216 23700040 OXST Oxalis%20stricta Oxalis stricta WFNY-121B.jpg Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 1794 Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 1897 Oxalis corniculata dillenii (Jacq.) Trel. 1925 Oxalis stricta piletocarpa 1972 Xanthoxalis dillenii (Jacq.) Holub Slender yellow wood-sorrel Dillen's wood-sorrel Sussex yellow sorrel Southern yellow sorrel Oxalide de Dillenius Native Secure 0 FACU Perennial Herb-forb Heliophily: 7 7207 15 counties 15 counties: Chemung, Columbia, Delaware, Dutchess, Herkimer, Kings, Nassau, New York, Oneida, Onondaga, Queens, Suffolk, Tioga, Tompkins, Ulster 84772-Oxalis-dillenii 33 counties 33 counties present in NY present in New York State OXDI2 NX L48:Native, Canada:Introduced 3446 7081 oxalis/dillenii Oxalis_dillenii Oxalis%20dillenii Oxalis dillenii plant (07).jpeg Oxalis florida Salisb. 1796 Oxalis florida Salisb. 1803 Oxalis prostrata Haw. 1821 Oxalis recurva Elliott 1824 Oxalis dillenii Jacq. florida (Salisb.) DC. 1825 Oxalis rupestris Raf. 1897 Oxalis filipes Small 1901 Oxalis brittoniae Small 1903 Xanthoxalis brittoniae Small 1903 Xanthoxalis filipes Small 1903 Xanthoxalis recurva (Elliott) Small 1943 Xanthoxalis florida Moldenke 1963 Oxalis dillenii Jacq. filipes Eiten Slender eastern wood-sorrel Southern yellow wood-sorrel Flowering yellow wood-sorrel Native Secure 0 7206 5 Albany, Washington only OXDI2 NX L48:Native,Can:Introduced 7W6RN 2891670 374925-1 0000389980 0 oxalis/florida 204372-Oxalis-florida 242416901 Oxalis_florida 23700268 5 counties No observations Oxalis florida iNat-39429143 (2x3).jpg Oxalis corniculata L. 1753 Oxalis corniculata L. 1771 Oxys corniculata (L.) Scop. 1781 Oxalis repens Thunb. 1891 Acetosella corniculata Kuntze 1903 Xanthoxalis corniculata Small 1944 Xanthoxalis repens (Thunb.) Moldenke Creeping wood-sorrel Creeping yellow wood-sorrel Oxalide cornue Oxalis cornu Introduced Mexico to Venezuela & Peru Caribbean Naturalized 6614 X Tomp-Oswe-Onei-Onta-Oste+15 OXCO NX L48:Native, Canada:Introduced 75F72 8427624 177893-2 0000387203 7080 oxalis/corniculata 29067 26196 Oxalis_corniculata 23700014 Oxalis%20corniculata 21 counties 28 counties Creeping Yellow Woodsorrel (991012239).jpg Oxalis exilis A.Cunn. 1839 Oxalis exilis A.Cunn. 1976 Xanthoxalis exilis (A.Cunn.) Holub Shady woodsorrel Least yellow-sorrel Least yellow woodsorrel Creeping oxalis Yellow oxalis Introduced Australia Norfolk Island New Zealand Potentially invasive ID has been questioned 1363 3626311 3626311 374902-1 57865-Oxalis-exilis Oxalis Excluded nymap.svg 0 counties 0 counties Oxalis exilis 172004677.jpg Oxalis subg. Oxalis sect. Ionoxalis Oxalis violacea WFNY-121A.jpg Oxalis violaceaviolet wood-sorrel Oxalidales Oxalidaceae Oxalis Oxalis Ionoxalis Oxalis Bulb-bearing wood-sorrel 20 6 Ionoxalis Oxalis violacea L. 1753 Oxalis violacea L. 1782 Sassia tinctoria Molina 1891 Acetosella violacea (L.) Kuntze 1903 Ionoxalis violacea (L.) Small 1937 O. violacea trichophora Fassett 1943 I. violacea trichophora Moldenke 1998 Sassia violacea (L.) Holub Violet wood-sorrel Native Threatened 2057 2-3 Threatened OXVI N- L48:Native,Can:None 0 oxalis/violacea 26221 23700283 Oxalis%20violacea Oxalis violacea - Violet Wood Sorrel.jpg