Bikol/Particles

A particle is a word that has a grammatical function but does not fit into the main parts of speech (i.e. noun, verb, adverb). Particles do not change. The infinitive 'to' in 'to fly' is an example of a particle, although it can also act as a preposition, e.g. 'I'm going to the Philippines next week'. Lists: Bikol has a rich set of discourse particles. bcl bagá – (Tagalog: tl diba/nga) used for emphasis determined by context bcl bayâ – giving a chance to someone; polite insisting bcl daa – (Tagalog: tl daw) quoting information from a secondary source bcl pati - emphasizing the condition that intensifies the difficulties. (bcl Mauranon pati) bcl daw – (Tagalog: tl ba/kaya) interrogative particle bcl dawà/maski - (Tagalog: tl kahit) although bcl dángan - (Tagalog: tl tapos) then bcl garó – (Tagalog: tl mukhang, tl parang) likeness or similitude. English: 'It looks like, it's as if'. bcl gáyo – 'exactly' bcl daing gáyo – 'not exactly, not really' bcl gayód – (Tagalog: tl bakâ) 'maybe, could be' bcl giráray/liwát – (Tagalog: tl [m]uli) 'again' bcl kutâ (na) – 'I hope (something did / did not happen' ; 'If only ...' (conditionality of past events) bcl lámang, bcl lang/saná – (Tagalog: tl lang) 'only, just' bcl lugód – hoping that something will happen, or expressing surrender/assent bcl man – (Tagalog: tl din, tl rin) 'also' or 'ever' (such as bcl ano man 'whatever' and bcl si isay man 'whoever') bcl malà - 1. relenting or agreeing (bcl Mala, dumanan mo siya kun iyan an gusto mo) 2. one is yielding (bcl Mala ta nagpahunod na siya.) 3. stating what actually happened (bcl Mala iyan, inabotan mi sindang huruba.) bcl mûna/ngûna – (Tagalog: tl muna) 'first' or 'yet' bcl na – (Tagalog: tl na) 'now' or 'already' bcl naman – (Tagalog: tl naman) 'again' bcl nanggád – (Tagalog: tl talaga, tl nga) 'really, truly, absolutely' (adds a sense of certainty) bcl niako – 'I said' bcl nganì – expresses fate ("This is helpless") or a plea for others not to insist bcl ngántig – indicates to a person what they should say to another (bcl Ini ngantig an dapat gibohon niya.) bcl ngápit – 'in the future', 'later' (span of time) bcl ngayá – expresses a hypothetical event/situation (bcl Ini man ngaya an taguan ninda.) bcl pa – (Tagalog: tl pa) 'still' bcl palán – (Tagalog: tl pala) expresses surprise or sudden realization bcl tabì – (Tagalog: tl po) politeness marker; bcl po in some Bikol dialects due to the influence of Tagalog. bcl harambili – 'lest' (Akuon ko na sana an ayuda kan barangay, harambiling makamati nin gutom. I'll just accept the help of the barangay, lest I will get hungry). bcl túlos – (Tagalog: tl agad) 'immediately, right away' bcl talagá – (Tagalog: tl talaga) 'really', 'truly'