Flora of New York/Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae

Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae Lamiales 3 Carduoideae Order Aquifoliales The order Aquifoliales contains primarily the Aquifoliaceae (holly family), members of which are found in New York. Smaller families of Aquifoliales (Helwingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae, Stemonuraceae, and Cardiopteridaceae) are not known to naturalize in New York. Family Aquifoliaceae The Aquifoliaceae (holly family) ... Ilex Ilex-verticillata-Acadia.jpg Ilex verticillata Ilex contains trees and shrubs generally known as holly and winterberry. Aquifoliales Aquifoliaceae Ilex Ilex Holly 513 7 Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray 1753. Prinos verticillatus L. 1856. Ilex verticillata A.Gray 1912. Ilex fastigiata E.P.Bicknell 1921. Ilex verticillata var. fastigiata Fernald Common winterberry Winterberry Virginia winterberry Black holly Black alder Houx verticillé Native Secure 7 FACW Perennial Tree, shrub Dioecious Sun - part shade 125 5 ILVE NN 2671 ilex/verticillata 19789 ILVE Ilex%20verticillata d440 Ilex verticillata 5475819.jpg Ilex mucronata (L.) M.Powell, Savol. & S.Andrews 1753 Vaccinium mucronatum L. 1901 Nemopanthus mucronatus Loes. 2000 Ilex mucronata M.Powell et al. Mountain holly Catberry Némopanthe mucroné Faux houx Native Secure 8 OBL Perennial Tree, shrub 128 5 Various types of acidic peat bogs, deciduous swamps, mixed coniferous-deciduous swamps, and shrub swamps. Mostly this species does not form dense thickets but occurs scattered in with a variety of other shrubs. Sometimes it can be dwarfed when in hostile bog conditions. It is more common in the northern parts of the state. ILMU N northeast 2668 ilex/mucronata 835359 429925 ILMU Nemopanthus%20mucronatus Ilex mucronata 5524944.jpg Ilex montana Torr. & A.Gray 1848 Ilex montana Torr. & A.Gray 1856 Ilex monticola A.Gray 1870 Ilex amelanchier monticola Alph.Wood 1964 Ilex ambigua montana H.E.Ahles 1977 Ilex ambigua monticola Wunderlin & Poppleton 1983 Ilex ambigua montana A.E.Murray Mountain winterberry Mountain holly Big-leaved holly Native Likely secure 8 FACU Perennial Tree, shrub 126 4 ILMO N0 not listed in Canada ilex/montana 28002 19747 ILMO Ilex montana.jpg Ilex glabra (L.) A.Gray 1856 1753 Prinos glaber L. 1856 Ilex glabra A.Gray Inkberry, ink-berry Gallberry Winter-berry Evergreen winterberry Appalachian-tea Native Likely secure 8 FACW FAC Perennial Tree, shrub 6593 4 ILGL NN ilex/glabra 27981 102443 ILGL Ilex glabra kz1.jpg Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A.Gray 1813 Prinos laevigatus Pursh 1856 Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A.Gray Smooth winterberry Smooth winterberry holly Native Vulnerable 8 OBL Perennial Tree, shrub 124 4 ILLA N0 ilex/laevigata 402350 ILLA Ilex laevigata 1480225 3x4.jpg Ilex opaca opaca Aiton 1789 Ilex opaca Aiton American holly White holly Christmas holly Native Vulnerable 8 FACU Perennial Tree, shrub Sun - shade 129 3-4 ILOPO N0 ilex/opaca 27983 452488 2000238 ILOP Ilex+opaca Ilex%20opaca Ilex_opaca_var_opaca_NY-dist-map.png 2014-12-30 12 56 56 American Holly foliage and fruit at the intersection of Pennington Road (New Jersey Route 31) and King Avenue in Ewing, New Jersey.JPG Ilex crenata Thunb. 1784 1865 Celastrus adenophyllus Miq. Japanese holly Box-leaf holly Houx crénelé Introduced Asia Somewhat invasive Naturalized Perennial Tree, shrub 48%Ilex crenata Low 48 127 X ILCR2 X0 ilex/crenata 503156 19691 Nassau (1994),Queens (2003-08),Rockland (1995),Suffolk (1995-2008) Ilex Crenata5 (cropped).jpg Ilex aquifolium L. 1753 Ilex aquifolium L. English holly Houx commun Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Perennial Tree, shrub ILAQ80 XX ilex/aquifolium 503154 19666 Although Ilex aquifolium is not listed as naturalized in New York or most of the Northeast, it is listed as present in "forests and borders of swamps in areas of habitation" in the adjacent state of Massachusetts, and it is cultivated in suitable parts of New York as an ornamental tree. nymap.svg Down (022), October 2009.JPG Order Asterales Family Campanulaceae Campanulaceae is known as the bellflower family, which includes two subfamilies that are found in New York. Subfamily Campanuloideae contains the bellflowers, Lobelioideae contains the lobelias. Subfamily Campanuloideae Phylogenetic studies of the subfamily Campanuloideae have recently confirmed that the genus Campanula was polyphyletic and that most of the native North American species of Campanuloideae fit into Campanula's Rapunculus clade.Morin, N.R. 2020. Taxonomic changes in North American Campanuloideae (Campanulaceae). Phytoneuron 2020-49: 1-46. Published 15 July 2020. ISSN 2153 733X Campanulastrum Campanula americana.jpg Campanulastrum americanum In 1903, J.K. Small proposed segregating Campanula americana (American bellflower) into the monotypic genus Campanulastrum. Acceptance of that view seems to have been sporadically increasing over the years.Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. Dec 24, 2023.Roquet et. al. 2008: "Natural Delineation, Molecular Phylogeny and Floral Evolution in Campanula." Systematic Botany 33(1): 203-217. Campanulastrum corollas are rotate rather than campanulate as is typical of Campanula corollas. Asterales Campanulaceae Campanuloideae Campanuleae Campanulastrum Campanulastrum Bellflower 852 8 Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small John Kunkel Small Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1141 (1903) 1753 Campanula americana L. Sp. Pl.: 164 1765 Phyteuma americanum (L.) Hill Veg. Syst., ed. 8: 15 1789 Campanula nitida Aiton Hort. Kew. 1: 221 1796 Campanula asteroides Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 2: 55 1798 Campanula obliqua Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 47 1802 Campanula declinata Moench Suppl. Meth.: 187 1803 Campanula acuminata Michx. Flora Boreali-Americana (Michaux) 1: 108. 1803. (Fl. Bor.-Amer.) 1836 Campanula illinoensis Fresen. Index Seminum (FRT, Francofurtensi) 1836: 4 1840 Campanula pauciflora Lam. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 269, not validly publ. 1884 Specularia americana (L.) Morgan ex J.James Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History 7: 74. 1884. 1903 Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small Flora of the Southeastern United States 1141. 1903. (22 Jul 1903) 1919 Campanula americana L. illinoensis (Fresen.) Farw. 1953 Campanula americana L. albiflora M.L.Grant Tall bellflower American bellflower Campanule d'Amérique Native Endangered 7 FAC Perennial Herb-forb Heliophily: 6 Part shade 2n=58 & 102 S1, G5 675 8 counties Cattaraugus, Chemung, Erie, Niagara, Onondaga, Rensselaer, Rensselaer, Yates 159769-Campanulastrum-americanum 10 counties present in NY present in New York State CAAM18 NN 43996-2 5671 4157 0 34474 405360 Campanulastrum_americanum 5501469 CAAM18 Campanulastrum americanum NY-dist-map.png American Bellflower and Sweat Bee DSC 0055 (2x4).JPG Triodanis Triodanis perfoliata (52996211237) (4x3).jpg Triodanis perfoliata Triodanis (Venus' looking glass) are annual plants that can have both chasmogamous (CH) flowers and cleistogamous (CL) flowers. CH flowers are open to pollination by visitors and so can either outcross or self-fertilize. CL flowers remain closed throughout the season and must necessarily self-fertilize. The New York native Triodanis perfoliata (clasping Venus' looking-glass) will often have several open (CH) corollas, while the southern Venus' looking-glass (Triodanis biflora or T. perfoliata ssp. biflora) will usually only have as single terminal open corolla.Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. Dec 25, 2023. Asterales Campanulaceae Campanuloideae Campanuleae Triodanis Triodanis Venus' looking glass 1034 2 Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 192 (1914) 1753 Campanula perfoliata L. Sp. Pl.: 169 1826 Prismatocarpus perfoliatus (L.) Sweet Hort. Brit.: 251 1830 Specularia perfoliata (L.) A.DC. Monogr. Campan.: 351 1842 Dysmicodon perfoliatum (L.) Nutt. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 8: 256 1894 Legousia perfoliata (L.) Britton Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 309 1914 Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 192 Common Venus’ looking glass 2018 New York Flora Atlas Clasping Venus' looking-glass 2018 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Clasping-leaved Venus'-looking-glass 2018 New England Wild Flower Society: Go Botany [2.9.5] Claspingleaf Venus'-looking-glass 2018 Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/pages/1263488 Native Secure 7 FACU FAC Annual Herb-forb S5, G5-T5 660 5 TRPE4 NN 5711 Triodanis/perfoliata 316854 5502455 Triodanis%20perfoliata 1263488 Triodanis perfoliata ssp perfoliata NY-dist-map.png キキョウソウ.jpg Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene 1799 Campanula biflora Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. 2: 55 1843 Dysmicodon californicum Nutt. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 8: 256 1843 Campanula intermedia Engelm. ex Nutt. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 8: 256 (hom.) 1874 Specularia californica (Nutt.) Vatke Linnaea 38: 714 1891 Pentagonia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 381 1891 Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1: 17 1894 Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene Man. Bot. San Francisco: 230 1894 Legousia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Britton Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 309 1975 Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) T.R.Bradley Brittonia 27: 114 1988 Asyneuma anhuiense B.A.Shen Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26: 463 2006 Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Lammers Novon 16: 72 Southern Venus’s looking glass 2023 A.S. Weakley & Flora of the Southeastern United States Team / New York Flora Atlas Small Venus' looking-glass 2023 VASCAN: ITIS, 2010 / USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Spéculaire biflore 2023 VASCAN: Favreau Introduced southern US N. America native Unknown naturalization FACU FAC Annual Herb-forb SNA, G5-T5 677 X Otsego & Suffolk only TRBI2 N Southern US 5LM4Q 3167005 79440-Triodanis-biflora 60442705-2 0000820250 5710 31384 Triodanis/perfoliata Triodanis_biflora 5502451 Triodanis perfoliata ssp biflora NY-dist-map.png Otsego, Suffolk No RG observations Triodanis biflora (2x3).jpg Palustricodon Campanula aparinoides 1-eheep (5097206081).jpg Campanula aparinoides Palustricodon is a genus of one species, Palustricodon aparinoides (marsh bellflower), with possibly two varieties.Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. Dec 24, 2023.Morin, N.R. 2020. Taxonomic changes in North American Campanuloideae (Campanulaceae). Phytoneuron 2020-49: 1-46. Published 15 July 2020. ISSN 2153 733X Asterales Campanulaceae Campanuloideae Campanuleae Campanula Palustricodon Bellflower 852 8 Palustricodon aparinoides (Pursh) Morin Phytoneuron 2020-49: 6 (2020) 1813 Campanula aparinoides Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 159 1813 Campanula erinoides Muhl. Fl. Amer. Sept.: 22 (nom. illeg.) 1830 Campanula aparinoides Pursh multiflora A.DC. Monogr. Campan.: 290 1861 Campanula aparinoides Pursh erinoides Alph.Wood Class-book Bot., ed. 2b: 479 1896 Campanula aparinoides Pursh grandiflora Holz. Bull. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. 9: 566 1901 Campanula uliginosa Rydb. N.L.Britton, Man. Fl. N. States: 885 1952 Campanula aparinoides Pursh uliginosa (Rydb.) Gleason Phytologia 4: 25 2020 Palustricodon aparinoides (Pursh) Morin Phytoneuron 2020-49: 6 2020 Palustricodon aparinoides (Pursh) Morin grandiflorus (Holz.) Morin} Phytoneuron 2020-49: 7 Marsh bellflower Bedstraw bellflower Marsh harebell Campanule faux-gaillet Campanule scabre Native Secure 8 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 34, 136, 170 671 5 CAAP2 NN Rapunculus clade 11019654 77210620-1 67547 32524 campanula/aparinoides Campanula aparinoides NY-dist-map.png ? counties ? counties Campanula aparinoides (9243075417).jpg Campanula 20190826Campanula rotundifolia1.jpg Campanula rotundifolia After the segregation of Campanulastrum and Palustricodon from Campanula, the only New York native remaining in the genus is Campanula rotundifolia, which is a widespread circumboreal species complex of bellflowers or harebells that likely originated in south-central Europe about two million years ago. North American populations probably migrated from northwestern Europe to northeastern North America about 114,000 years ago.Roquet et. al. 2008: "Natural Delineation, Molecular Phylogeny and Floral Evolution in Campanula." Systematic Botany 33(1): 203-217.Sutherland, B. L. and L. F. Galloway. 2018. Effects of glaciation and whole genome duplication on the distribution of the Campanula rotundifolia polyploid complex. American Journal of Botany 105(10): 1760–1770.Julia Wilson, et. al. 2020: Invasion, isolation and evolution shape population genetic structure in Campanula rotundifolia, AoB PLANTS, Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2020, plaa011Morin, N.R. 2020. Taxonomic changes in North American Campanuloideae (Campanulaceae). Phytoneuron 2020-49: 1-46. Published 15 July 2020. ISSN 2153 733X Rapunculus clade Shetler (1982) described four "races" of harebells within Campanula rotundifolia, reporting an "eastern race" in lowlands and ravines in the Appalachian-Great Lakes region of eastern United States and adjacent Canada, from Minnesota and Iowa to Gaspe Peninsula and Nova Scotia, Ontario (except James Bay) and southern Quebec to southern Missouri and Illinois and northern West Virginia and Maryland.Shetler, S.G. 1982. Variation and evolution of the nearctic harebells (Campanula subsect. Heterophylla). Phanerogamarum Monographiae Tomus XI. J. Cramer: Vaduz. Though Shelter didn't recommend segregating his races as full species, his description seems to correspond with the treatment of Campanula intercedens by Lammers (2007).Lammers, T.G. 2007. Campanulaceae. In J.W. Kadereit & C. Jeffrey, vol. eds., VIII Flowering Plants - Eudicots. Asterales. In K. Kubitzki, ed., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp.26-56. Here, the segregate species name Campanula intercedens is tentatively used for the New York harebell. This agrees with European sourcesGovaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne. The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. but not with most North American sources.Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. Accessed Dec 26, 2023. Asterales Campanulaceae Campanuloideae Campanuleae Campanula Campanula Bellflower 852 8 Campanula intercedens Witasek Abh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1(3): 43 1819 Campanula virgata Raf. ex Schult. J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 5: 100, nom. illeg. 1843 Campanula rotundifolia L. alpina Tuck. Amer. J. Sci. Arts 45: 27 1874 Campanula rotundifolia L. dentata Coleman Kentucky Sci. Inst. Misc. Publ. 2: 24, nom. illeg. 1878 Campanula rotundifolia L. canescens E.J.Hill Amer. Naturalist 12: 818 1894 Campanula latisepala albiflora E.L.Rand & Redfield Fl. Mt. Desert Isl.: 124 1902 Campanula intercedens Witasek Abh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1(3): 43 1924 Campanula rotundifolia L. intercedens (Witasek) Farw. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 105 1924 Campanula rotundifolia L. linifolia Farw. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 105, nom. illeg. 1982 Campanula rotundifolia L. intercedens (Witasek) Á.Löve & D.Löve Taxon 31: 356 1952 Campanula latisepala Hultén alba J.Rousseau & Raymond Naturaliste Canad. 79: 84 Harebell 2023 New York Flora Atlas as Campanula rotundifolia L. Intermediate bellflower 2023 iNaturalist Bluebell Bluebell-of-Scotland American harebell Bluebell bellflower Scotch bellflower 2023 Native Plant Trust: Go Botany Native Likely secure 8 FACU Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 34, 68, 102 S4-S5, G5 674 4-5 CARO2 NN 5410907 905640-Campanula-intercedens 43948-2 0000827490 68543 campanula/rotundifolia Campanula+intercedens Campanula rotundifolia NY-dist-map.png ? counties ? counties Campanula rotundifolia 2-jgreenlee (5097806036).jpg Campanula persicifolia persicifolia L. Sp. Pl.: 164 (1753) 1753 Campanula persicifolia L. Sp. Pl.: 164 1796 Campanula amygdalifolia Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 126 (nom. superfl.) 1854 Campanula racemosa grandiflora Vuk. Linnaea 26: 333 (nom. illeg.) 1869 Rapunculus persicifolius (L.) Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 111 1894 Campanula persicifolia L. alba Voss Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 570 1984 Neocodon persicifolius (L.) Kolak. & Serdyuk. Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 40: 29 Peach-leaved bellflower 2023 New York Flora Atlas as Campanula persicifolia Peachleaf bellflower 2023 USDA-NRCS PLANTS database Peach-Bells 2023 gbif.org/species/5411475 Introduced Europe Unknown Naturalization Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 16 SNA, GNR 669 X CAPE20 XX 5411475 159764-Campanula-persicifolia 77172554-1 5675 Campanula persicifolia NY-dist-map.png 7 counties ? counties 0 Campanula persicifolia - Yvoire (1).JPG Campanula s. str. clade Asterales Campanulaceae Campanuloideae Campanuleae Campanula Campanula Bellflower 852 8 Campanula rapunculoides rapunculoides L. Sp. Pl.: 165 (1753) 1753 Campanula rapunculoides L. Sp. Pl.: 165 1802 Campanula azurea Sol. & Banks ex Sims Bot. Mag. 16: t. 551 1844 Campanula rapunculoides L. ucranica (Besser) K.Koch Linnaea 17: 280 1852 Cenekia rapunculoides (L.) Opiz Seznam: 36 1869 Drymocodon rapunculoides (L.) Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 111 1904 Rapunculus redivivus E.H.L.Krause J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 12: 255 Creeping bellflower Rampion bellflower Campanule fausse-raiponce ARS-GRIN Campanule raiponce Fausse raiponce Introduced Eurasia Potentially invasive Naturalized CBG-A4Cornell Botanic Gardens Invasive Species Policy Committee (2018). Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 68, 102 SNA, GNR 668 X Campanula rapunculoides L. - creeping bellflower - Roadsides, disturbed areas, and old home sites. A non-native that is cultivated and clearly naturalized but usually is only found uncommonly scattered around. It also persists well from plantings CARA XX 5410436 85321-Campanula-rapunculoides 77172454-1 5676 campanula/rapunculoides 316600 Campanula%20rapunculoides Campanula rapunculoides NY-dist-map.png 41 counties 58 counties Campanula rapunculoides (8337809144).jpg Campanula glomerata glomerata L. Sp. Pl.: 166 (1753) 1753 Campanula glomerata L. Sp. Pl.: 166 1781 Campanula betonicifolia Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 53 1791 Campanula conglomerata Gueldenst. Reis. Russland 2: 343 1807 Campanula barbata Spreng. Mant. Prim. Fl. Hal.: 77 (nom. illeg.) 1814 Campanula aggregata Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.: 10 1852 Weitenwebera glomerata (L.) Opiz Seznam: 105 1869 Syncodon glomeratum (L.) Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 111 Clustered bellflower Dane's blood Introduced Eurasia Potentially invasive Not naturalized 1333 18530 2n = 30, 60 670 X CAGL2 XX 84349-Campanula-glomerata 77171563-1 66971 Campanula glomerata NY-dist-map.png 3 counties 21 counties Campanula glomerata - img 22061.jpg Campanula trachelium trachelium L. Sp. Pl.: 166 (1753) 1753 Campanula trachelium L. Sp. Pl.: 166 1794 Campanula urticifolia F.W.Schmidt Fl. Boëm. 2: 73 (nom. illeg.) 1796 Campanula urticifolia Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 127 (nom. superfl.) 1834 Campanula trachelium L. urticifolia (Dumort.) Schübl. & G.Martens Fl. Würtemberg: 153 1852 Trachelioides vulgaris Opiz Seznam: 98 (nom. superfl.) 1854 Campanula serratifolia Vuk. Linnaea 26: 335 (nom. illeg.) 1854 Campanula serratifolia Vuk. ciliatosepala Vuk. Linnaea 26: 335 (nom. illeg.) 1869 Drymocodon trachelium (L.) Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 111 Nettle-leaved bellflower 2023 VASCAN: Newmaster & Ragupathy, 2005 Bats in the belfry 2023 VASCAN: Kartesz & Meacham, 1999 Campanule gantelée 2023 VASCAN Introduced Mediterranean Europe northern Africa Unknown naturalization Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 34 SNA, GNR 672 X CATR4 48588-Campanula-trachelium 77171618-1 66973 4173 Campanula trachelium NY-dist-map.png 6 counties 6 counties 00 3463 Nesselblättrige Glockenblume (Campanula trachelium).jpg Campanula medium L. Sp. Pl.: 167 (1753) 1753 Campanula medium L. Sp. Pl.: 167 1836 Rapuntia media (L.) Chevall. Fl. Gén. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 2: 526 1838 Talanelis medium (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 70 1840 Medium grandiflorum Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 553 1853 Marianthemum medium (L.) Schur Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 48 Canterbury bells NYFA / USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Introduced Naturalization unknown Biennial Herb-forb 2n = 34 7281 U Not Native, Unknown Naturalized Status, SNA CAME20 XX 159761-Campanula-medium 140670-1 Campanula/medium nymap.svg Genesee (1981) ? counties Campanula medium flowers.JPG Campanula patula L. Sp. Pl.: 163 (1753) 1753 Campanula patula L. Sp. Pl.: 163 1869 Rapunculus patulus (L.) Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 111 1984 Neocodon patulus (L.) Kolak. & Serdyuk. Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 40: 29 Rambling bellflower Spreading bellflower Introduced Eurasia Excluded Biennial Herb-forb 2n = 20, 40, 60, 80 X 693 EXCLUDED CAPA44 X0 NY,CT,NH only 5410564 159763-Campanula-patula 140798-1 campanula/patula Excluded nymap.svg Excluded No NY observations Campanula patula 2.jpg Jasione Jasione montana Jasieniec piaskowy 2021-06-27 04.jpg Jasione montana Asterales Campanulaceae Campanuloideae Campanuleae Jasione Jasione Jasione 1 Jasione montana montana L. Sp. Pl.: 928 (1753) 1753 Jasione montana L. Sp. Pl.: 928 1789 Jasione vulgaris Gaterau Descr. Pl. Montauban: 153 (nom. superfl.) 1793 Phyteuma montanum (L.) C.K.Spreng. Entd. Geheimn. Nat.: 115 1860 Ovilla globulariiflora Rupr. Fl. Ingrica: 653 Sheepbit Sheep's-bit Introduced Europe Naturalized Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 12, 24, 36 (x = 6) SNA, GNR 673 X JAMO X0 8366345 55022-Jasione-montana 0000813712 5679 Jasione montana NY-dist-map.png Suffolk only Bronx, Suffolk Jasione montana clefryn.jpg Platycodon Flowers 5231.jpg Platycodon grandiflorus Although Platycodon grandiflorus (balloon flower) has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas, iNaturalist shows research-grade Platycodon grandiflorus observations in about 15 New York State counties. Most of these appear to be in gardens however and should probably be flagged as cultivated. A.S. Weakley (2023) lists Platycodon grandiflorus in PA, SC, and MO with a habitat of "ditches, disturbed areas, spread from horticultural cultivation," but shows the plant as "rarer than rare" in each of the regions were it's mapped.Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2023. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A. Asterales Campanulaceae Campanuloideae Campanuleae Platycodon Platycodon Platycodon 995 1 Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. Monogr. Campan.: 125 (1830) 1777 Campanula grandiflora Jacq. Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 4 1785 Campanula gentianoides Lam. Encycl. 1: 581 (nom. superfl.) 1830 Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. Monogr. Campan.: 125 1814 Wahlenbergia grandiflora (Jacq.) Schrad. Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1814: 3 (genus not validly publ.) Balloonflower 2023 A.S. Weakley & SE Flora Team, Flora of the Southeastern United States Japanese bellflower 2023 A.S. Weakley & SE Flora Team, Flora of the Southeastern United States Chinese bellflower Introduced east & southeast Asia No specimens 2n = 18, 36, 72 (x = 9) X 694 EXCLUDED PLGR7 X0 NY,PA,NC only 3164340 141623-Platycodon-grandiflorus 144523-1 5709 0 Excluded nymap.svg Excluded 15 counties Platycodon grandiflorum2.jpg Subfamily Lobelioideae Lobelia Lobelia sect. Lobelia Ruby-throated Hummingbird at Cardinal Flower (5278271834).jpg Lobelia cardinaliscardinal flower All native New York Lobelia species are in sect. Lobelia.Thomas G. Lammers (2011), "Revision of the Infrageneric Classification of Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 98(1): 37–62. Asterales Campanulaceae Lobelioideae Lobelieae Lobelia Lobelia Lobelia Lobelia Cardinal flower 429 7 Lobelia inflata L. Sp. Pl.: 931 (1753) 1753 Lobelia inflata L. Sp. Pl.: 931 1768 Rapuntium inflatum (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 5 1891 Dortmanna inflata (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 380 1892 Lobelia inflata L. simplex Millsp. Fl. W. Virginia: 398 1944 Lobelia inflata L. albiflora Moldenke Castanea 9: 65 Indian-tobacco Puke weed Lobélie enflée Tabac indien Native Secure 1 FAC FACU Annual Herb-forb 665 5 LOIN NN 143415-1 5691 Lobelia/inflata 22466 5502405 LOIN LobeliaI1.jpg Lobelia siphilitica L. Sp. Pl.: 931 (1753) 1753. Lobelia siphilitica L. in. Sp. Pl.:931 1768. Rapuntium siphiliticum (L.) Mill. in. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 2 1794. Rapuntium syphiliticum Moench in. Methodus: 655, orth. var. 1812. Lobelia reflexa Stokes in. Bot. Mat. Med. 1:342, nom. superfl. 1813. Lobelia antisyphilitica Hayne in. Getreue Darstell. Gew. 13: t. 9, nom. superfl. 1839. Lobelia siphilitica var. alba G.Don & W.H.Baxter in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit., ed. 3:646 1839. Lobelia siphilitica var. ludoviciana A. DC. in. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 7:377 1845. Lobelia belgica De Jonghe in. Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 2, 4:39 1891. Dortmanna siphilitica (L.) Kuntze in. Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:380 1894. Lobelia siphilitica f. ludoviciana (A.DC.) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1:576 1929. Lobelia bollii E.Wimm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26:3 Great blue lobelia Blue cardinal flower Great lobelia Lobélie bleue Native Secure 5 OBL FACW Perennial Herb-forb Sun - shade 662 5 Lobelia siphilitica L. var. siphilitica - great blue lobelia - Seepage areas, stream margins, fens, ditches, and drainage channels; wet thickets and forests; swamps and seepy road banks. Does particularly well in calcareous seepage areas. LOSI NN 143861-1 9747 4186 Lobelia/siphilitica 528854 402622 5501763 LOSI Lobelia%20siphilitica Lobelia siphilitica NY-dist-map.png Lobelia-siphilitica-2014-08-30-Cranberry-03.jpg Lobelia spicata Lam. Encycl. 3: 587 (1792) 1792. Lobelia spicata Lam. in Encycl. 3:587 1803. Lobelia claytoniana Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:153 1804. Lobelia goodenioides Willd. in Hort. Berol.: t. 30 1830. Lobelia nivea Raf. in Ann. Nat. 1: 16, nom. illeg. 1836. Rapuntium claytonianum (Michx.) C.Presl in Prodr. Monogr. Lobel.:23 1839. Lobelia leptostachys A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 7:376 1878. Lobelia spicata var. hirtella A.Gray in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):6 1891. Dortmanna spicata (Lam.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:380 1898. Lobelia hirtella (A.Gray) Greene in Pittonia 3:349 1903. Lobelia bracteata Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.:1146 1913. Lobelia leptostachys var. hirtella (A.Gray) Farw. in Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 15:188 1917. Petromarula hirtella (A. Gray) Nieuwl. & Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 13 1936. Lobelia spicata var. originalis McVaugh in Rhodora 38: 308, not validly publ. Palespike lobelia Pale-spiked lobelia Spiked lobelia Balespike lobelia Highbelia Lobélie à épi Native Secure 4 FAC Perennial Herb-forb 661 5 LOSPS4 NN 128839-Lobelia-spicata 143875-1 9748 4187 Lobelia/spicata 449429 5501684 LOSP Lobelia spicata NY-dist-map.png Pale spiked lobelia white flower white thorns lobelia spicata.jpg Lobelia kalmii L. Sp. Pl.: 930 (1753) 1753 Lobelia kalmii L. 1836 Rapuntium kalmii (L.) C.Presl 1891 Dortmanna kalmii (L.) Kunze 1900 Lobelia kalmii L. strictiflora Rydb. 1908 Lobelia strictiflora (Rydb.) Lunell Brook lobelia Kalm's lobelia Bog lobelia Ontario lobelia Lobélie de Kalm Native Secure 8 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 664 5 LOKA NN 143437-1 4185 Lobelia/kalmii 455921 5501675 LOKA Lobelia kalmii.jpg 120 Lobelia cardinalis L. 1753 Lobelia cardinalis L. 1792 Lobelia graminea Lam. 1809 Lobelia fulgens Willd. 1809 Lobelia splendens Willd. 1891 Dortmanna cardinalis (L.) Kuntze 1891 Dortmanna fulgens Kuntze 1940 Lobelia cardinalis L. graminea (Lam.) McVaugh Cardinalflower Cardinal flower Scarlet lobelia Lobélie cardinale Lobélie du cardinal Lobélie écarlate Native Likely secure 7 OBL FACW Perennial Herb-forb Sun-shade 667 4-5 LOCA2 NN 142115-2 Lobelia/cardinalis 22456 5502376 LOCA2 Lobelia%20cardinalis Lobelia cardinalis 002.JPG Lobelia dortmanna L. 1753 Lobelia dortmanna L. 1796 L. lacustris (L.) Salisb. superfl. 1836 Rapuntium dortmanna (L.) C.Presl Dortmann's cardinalflower Water lobelia Dortmann's lobelia Water gladiole Lobélie de Dortmann Cardinale de Dortmann Lobélie aquatique Native Likely secure 9 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 666 4 LODO NN 4183 Lobelia/dortmanna 432638 5501666 LODO PNBT Lobelia dortmanna kwiat profil 03.07.10 p.jpg 120 Lobelia nuttallii Schult. J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 5: 39 (1819) 1818 Lobelia gracilis Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 77 (1818), nom. illeg. 1819 Lobelia nuttallii Schult. J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 5: 39 (1819) 1836 Rapuntium nuttallianum C.Presl Prodr. Monogr. Lobel.: 23 (1836), nom. superfl. 1891 Dortmanna nuttallii (Schult.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 973 (1891) 1803 Lobelia kalmii L. caroliniana Michx Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 153 (1803) 1821 Lobelia kalmii L. gracilis W.P.C.Barton Fl. N. Amer. 1: 122 (1821) Nuttall's lobelia Native Vulnerable 7 FACW Perennial Herb-forb 663 3 LONU N0 0 LONU Lobelia nuttallii.jpg Lobelia sect. Hypsela Pratia.jpg Lobelia pedunculata The New York Flora Atlas (as of 2023) doesn't list any non-native Lobelias in New York State, but Lobelia chinensis is considered potentially invasive if it were to be found in the state. Of more concern might be Lobelia pedunculata, a small Australian ground cover that has been noted to be aggressive in Europe and western North America. Asterales Campanulaceae Lobelioideae Lobelieae Lobelia Hypsela Lobelia Hypsela Lobelias 429 7 Lobelia chinensis Lour. 1790 Lobelia chinensis Lour. Chinese lobelia Introduced Asia Potentially invasive 37%Lobelia chinensis Low 37 Although it is listed a potentially invasive in New York, BONAP and USDA-NRCS plants database show that Lobelia chinensis has naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but not New York State. Perennial Herb-forb 2.149812/Lobelia_chinensis Exotic, GNR 0 0 LOCH4 X0 PA & NJ only 224052-Lobelia-chinensis 0 423459 5503462 Lobelia%20chinensis nymap.svg Not listed New Jersey Lobelia chinensis 02.jpg Lobelia pedunculata R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 563 (1810) 1810 Lobelia pedunculata R.Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 563 (1810) 1836 Rapuntium pedunculatum (R.Br.) C.Presl Prodr. Monogr. Lobel.: 30 (1836) 1868 Pratia pedunculata (R.Br.) Benth. Fl. Austral. 4: 133 (1868) Matted Pratia 2023 iNaturalist Trailing Pratia 2023 iNaturalist Blue Star Creeper 2023 iNaturalist Blue lawn-lobelia 2023 iNaturalist Introduced eastern Australia Cultivated 5408682 245731-Lobelia-pedunculata 143669-1 Lobelia%20pedunculata nymap.svg Not listed Cultivated only Lobelia pedunculata blüten.jpg Lobelia sect. Stenotium Lobelia (aka).jpg Lobelia erinus Lobelia erinus has been introduced as a garden plant from tropical and southern Africa. It appears to be commonly planted in New York State.Lobelia erinus (Garden Lobelia) observations in iNaturalist. In western Europe, it is said to increasingly escape from cultivation but not to persist.Manual of the Alien Plants of Belgium. 2010. Asterales Campanulaceae Lobelioideae Lobelieae Lobelia Stenotium Lobelia Stenotium Bractless Lobelias 429 7 Lobelia erinus L. Sp. Pl.: 932 (1753) 1753 Lobelia erinus L. Sp. Pl.: 932 (1753) 1768 Rapuntium erinus (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 8 (1768) 1891 Dortmanna erinus (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891) Edging Lobelia 2023 iNaturalist Garden Lobelia 2023 iNaturalist Bedding Lobelia 2023 iNaturalist Common Lobelia 2023 iNaturalist Dwarf Annual Lobelia 2006 Cornell University Growing Guide Lobélie érine 2023 iNaturalist Introduced tropical & southern Africa LOER X0 77797-Lobelia-erinus 143240-1 Lobelia%20erinus nymap.svg Not listed Widely cultivated Lobelia erinus 1DS-II 3-1037.jpg Family Menyanthaceae The Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants. Menyanthes MenyanthesTrifoliata.jpg Menyanthes trifoliata The genus Menyanthes contains a single species, Menyanthes trifoliata (buckbean or bogbean). Its native range covers much of the temperate and subarctic northern hemisphere. Asterales Menyanthaceae Menyanthes Menyanthes Buckbean 811 1 L. Menyanthes trifoliata L. Linnaeus, Carl von Species Plantarum 1: 145. 1-May-1753 1753 Menyanthes trifoliata L. Species Plantarum 1: 145. 1822 Menyanthes palustris Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 340 1826 Menyanthes americana Sweet Hort. Brit.: 282 1830 Menyanthes verna Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 33 1837 Menyanthes latifolia Raf. New Fl. 2: 20 1837 Menyanthes tridentata Raf. New Fl. 2: 20 1929 Menyanthes trifoliata L. minor Fernald 2003 Menyanthes trifoliata L. verna (Raf.) Gervais & M. Parent Buckbean Buck-bean Bog buckbean Bogbean Trèfle d'eau Native Likely secure 9 OBL Perennial Herb-forb S4, G5 1914 4 Menyanthes trifoliata L. - buck-bean - Bogs, poor to rich fens, rich swamps, and cool springy forests. Often in inundated soils and sometimes at the edge of ponds or streams in the habitats mentioned. METR3 N 50970102-1 6671 Menyanthes/trifoliata 400088 20800053 Menyanthes%20trifoliata Menyanthes trifoliata NY-dist-map.png ? counties ? counties Menyanthes trifoliata Oulu, Finland 01.06.2013.jpg Nymphoides Nymphoides cordata 7066.jpg Nymphoides cordata Floating-hearts (Nymphoides) Asterales Menyanthaceae Nymphoides Nymphoides Floatingheart 603 2 Ség. 1754 Nymphoides cordata (Elliott) Fernald (Elliott, Stephen) Fernald, Merritt Lyndon Rhodora 40:338. 1938 1803 Villarsia lacunosa Vent. Choix Pl.: t. 9 1817 Villarsia cordata Elliott Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 230 1837 Limnanthemum lacunosum (Vent.) Griseb. Flora Boreali-Americana (Hooker) 2(8): 71. 1837. 1838 Limnanthemum lacunosum (Vent.) Griseb. australe Griseb. Genera et Species Gentianearum... 348. Oct 1838 1839 Menyanthes punctata Muhl. ex Griseb. Gen. Sp. Gent.: 348 (1839), not validly publ. 1891 Nymphoides lacunosa (Vent.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 429 1921 Trachysperma lacunosa (Vent.) House Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 233-234: 66 1938 Nymphoides cordata (Elliott) Fernald Rhodora 40:338. Floating-heart Little floatingheart Little floating heart Eight-angled floatingheart Faux-nymphéa à feuilles cordées Nymphoïde cordées Native Vulnerable 9 OBL Perennial Herb-forb SNR, G5 1913 3-4 NYCO N 486PL 5341505 62368-Nymphoides-cordata 171238-2 0001083988 5717 6672 Nymphoides/cordata 419785 20801223 Nymphoides%20cordata Nymphoides cordata iNat-128457710.jpg Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 429. 1891. (5 Nov 1891) (Revis. Gen. Pl.) 1753 Menyanthes nymphoides L. Sp. Pl.: 145 (1753) 1770 Limnanthemum peltatum S.G.Gmel. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperalis Petropolitanae 14(1): 527, pl. 17. 1803 Villarsia nymphoides (L.) Vent. Choix, Sub T. 9. 1805 Nymphoides natans J. St.-Hil. Expos. fam. nat. 1:226. 1805 Schweyckerta nymphoides (L.) C.C.Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 447 (1805) 1819 Villarsia peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 178 (1819) 1891 Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 429. 1891. (5 Nov 1891) (Revis. Gen. Pl.) 1907 Nymphoides peltatum (S.G.Gmel.) Britten & Rendle List of British Seed-Plants and Ferns 20. 1907. (isonym) 1914 Nymphoides flava Druce Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Lstes Rep. 3: 437 (Nom. illeg.) Yellow floating-heart Yellow floatingheart Faux-nymphéa pelté Faux-nénuphar Nymphoïdès pelté Petit nénuphar Introduced Eurasia Highly invasive Prohibited 74%Nymphoides peltata Highly invasive 74 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 1915 X NYPE X 78237-Nymphoides-peltata 370207-1 6673 Nymphoides/peltata 417535 20800054 Nymphoides%20peltata Nymphoides peltata Grzybieńczyk wodny 2010-06-20 03.jpg Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze Kuntze, Carl (Karl) Ernst (Eduard) Otto Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 429. 1891. (5 Nov 1891) (Revis. Gen. Pl.) as Nymphodes Hydrophyllum 1790 Menyanthes hydrophylla Lour. Fl. Cochinch.: 105 1799 Menyanthes cristata Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 2: 3 1819 Villarsia hydrophyllum (Lour.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 181 1824 Villarsia cristata (Roxb.) Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 582 1839 Limnanthemum cristatum (Roxb.) Griseb. Gen. Sp. Gent.: 342 1839 Limnanthemum hydrophyllum (Lour.) Griseb. Gen. Sp. Gent.: 348 1841 Menyanthes sinarica Buch.-Ham. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 128 (nom. inval.) 1891 Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 429 1891 Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 429 1910 Limnanthemum taquetii H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 285 Crested floatingheart 2021 GBIF Introduced Asia (China, India, Indo-China) Highly invasive Cultivated 11616 160936560/verbatim Invasive NYCR X 486QK 5592249 370200-1 165758-Nymphoides-cristata 419775 20802056 nymap.svg Not Listed Cutivated? Nymphoides hydrophylla Myanmar.jpg