Horticulture/Clematis

Clematis Clematis - Etiole Violette.jpg Clematis Ranunculaceae Insects Mildly toxic Clematis is a genus of perennial plants, most of which are vigorous, semiwoody climbing vines, but others are herbaceous perennials or shrubs. They are found throughout the temperate regions of both hemispheres, and also in mountains in the tropics. Most of the cool temperate species are deciduous, while many of the warmer climate species are evergreen. Most species are known as Clematis in English, while some are also known as traveller's joy, leather flower, vase vine and virgin's bower, the last three being names used for North American species. One recent classification recognised 297 species of clematis and modern taxonomists subdivide the genus. Magnus Johnson divided Clematis into 19 sections, several with subsections;http://personal.inet.fi/koti/lofgren/Clemnet/Link_sections.htm#MJo Christopher Grey-Wilson divided the genus into 9 subgenera, several with sections and subsections within them.http://personal.inet.fi/koti/lofgren/Clemnet/Link_sections.htm#Gr-W Several of the subdivisions are fairly consistent between different classifications, for example all Grey-Wilson's subgenera are used as sections by Johnson. Subgenera of Clematis according to Grey-Wilson: Clematis, Cheiropsis, Flammula, Archiclematis, Campanella, Atragene, Tubulosae, Pseudanemone, Viorna Some of these were previously classed as separate genera. Description Clematis have opposite (or in rare cases alternate), pinnately compound leaves, with the petioles often twining to support the plant. Flowers are borne solitary or in panicles, bell-shaped or flattened. Bisexual or sometimes unisexual, stamens many, carpels numerous. Sepals in 4s or 5s, petal-like, petals lacking. Stamens are petaloid in some species. Fruits are achenes, often with long, feathery styles. Stems contain an acrid sap, and the bark of wody species exfoliates in long strips. Growing conditions Deep, organic-rich soils. Most species need their root zones shaded during the growing season. Full sun to part shade. Varieties Uses Maintenance Young shoots are very delicate in the spring and brittle afterwards, so trellis structures should be installed during winter. Propagation Stratified seed, layering, division, cuttings, or in rare cases grafting Harvesting Pests and diseases ../Crown Gall/ ../Agrobacterium tumeifasciens/ ../Powdery Mildew/ ../Erisiphe polygoni/ ../Leaf Spots/ Cylindrosporium clematidis Cercospora rubigo Cercospora squalidula Glomerella cingulata Phyllosticta clematidis Ramularia clematidis Septoria clematidis ../Leaf Blights/ Phleospora adjusta ../Wilts/ Ascochyta clematidina ../Mushroom Rots/ ../Armillaria/ ../Rusts/ Puccinia pulsatillae Puccinia recondita var. agropyri Puccinia stromatica ../Smuts/ Urocystis carcinoides ../Nematodes/ ../Meliodgyne hapla/ ../Meliodgyne incognita/ ../Aphids/ Green Peach Aphid: ../Myzus persicae/ ../Scales/ ../Whiteflies/ ../Bugs/ Garden Fleahopper: ../Halticus bractatus/ ../Earwigs/ ../Beetles/ Black Blister Beetle: ../Epicuata pennsylvanica/ Japanese Weevil: ../Callirhopalus bifasciatus/ ../Caterpillars/ Clematis Borer: *../Alcathoe caudata/ ../Mites/ Gallery References Grey-Wilson, Christopher Clematis: The Genus : A Comprehensive Guide for Gardeners, Horticulturists and Botanists (Timber Press, 2000) Johnson, Magnus The Genus Clematis (Magnus Johnson Plantskola AB, 2001) Gardeners' Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers, Christopher Brickell ed. (Dorling Kindersley, 1989) Britton Nathaniel Lord Nathaniel Lord Britton Addison Brown An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada, Volume 2 second edition 1913 Dover Publications, inc. 121–126 Ann Fowler Rhoads and Timothy A. Block Anna Anisko, illustrator The Plants of Pennsylvania: An Illustrated Manual 2000 Morris Arboretum, University of Pennsylvania Press 572–574 Christopher Brickell and Judith D. Zuk The American Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants 1997 DK Publishing 274–279 Staff of the L. H. Bailey Hortorium Hortus Third: A Concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada 1976 Cornell University Press 281–285 Pirone Pascal P. Diseases & Pests of Ornamental Plants Fifth Edition 1978 John Wiley & Sons, New York 205 Cranshaw Whitney Garden Insects of North America: The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs 2004 Princeton University Press 588 Pippa Greenwood, Andrew Halstead, A.R. Chase, Daniel Gilrein American Horticultural Society Pests & Diseases: The Complete Guide to Preventing, Identifying, and Treating Plant Problems First Edition 2000 Dorling Kindersley (DK) Publishing, inc. 196