Social Science Research/International Migration Trends

Social Science Research International Migration Trends Statistics on Women in Low-Middle-Income Countries Statistics on Religion The study https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.14223, titled "Dataset of Multi-aspect Integrated Migration Indicators," introduces and describes the Multi-aspect Integrated Migration Indicators (MIMI) dataset, a new resource for studying international migration trends. The dataset combines official data on migration flows and stocks with non-traditional indicators, such as Facebook's Social Connectedness Index (SCI), and various geographic, interdisciplinary, and demographic data. Its primary objective is to provide a multidisciplinary basis for analyzing and forecasting bilateral migration by integrating diverse sources of knowledge. The publicly accessible dataset is available on Zenodo here: https://zenodo.org/records/6493325 The MIMI dataset consists of a single CSV file containing 28,725 rows and 485 columns, representing over 28,000 different "features." The dataset index consists of uniquely identified country pairs, formed by the ISO-3166 alpha-2 codes of the country of origin and destination (e.g., AL-FI for migration from Albania to Finland). Social Connectedness Index The dataset variable "Social Connectedness Index: sci2021" is the relative probability that two individuals in the two countries are friends with each other on Facebook in 2021: if SocialConnectednessIndex(i,j) is twice as large, a Facebook user in country i is approximately twice as likely to be connected to a given Facebook user in country j. Calculating the Spearman correlations of the dataset variables with sci2021 yields strong correlations with the total number of immigrants and emigrants in certain years, so as Facebook connections increase, the number of migrants increases: table_cor<- cor(mimi_dataset_v2$sci_2021,mimi_dataset_v2[620:832],use = "pairwise.complete.obs", method = "spearman" ) head(sort(table_cor[1,], decreasing = TRUE)) UN_destination_total_em_cit_2020 UN_origin_total_em_cit_2020 0.7347356 0.7018132 UN_origin_total_imm_res_2012 UN_destination_total_em_cit_2012 0.6618196 0.6597046 UN_origin_total_imm_res_2020 UN_origin_total_em_cit_2012 0.6446970 0.6243789 Correlation between annual GDP per capita and a country's five-year net migration rate The correlation between a country's net migration rate and GDP confirms the existing relationship, well documented in the literature, between these two variables. The correlation is always positive, meaning that countries with high GDP experience a trend of NET immigration and thus confirm that high per capita income favors mobility. Therefore, calculating the Pearson correlation between the 2020-2025 net migration rate and GDP from 2000 to 2019 yields high values: cor(mimi_dataset_v2$UN_origin_net_migr_rate_2020.2025,mimi_dataset_v2[837:856],use = "pairwise.complete.obs", method = "pearson" ) origin_gdp_2000 origin_gdp_2001 origin_gdp_2002 [1,] 0.5159088 0.5215159 0.525931 origin_gdp_2003 origin_gdp_2004 origin_gdp_2005 [1,] 0.5224893 0.529158 0.5370952 origin_gdp_2006 origin_gdp_2007 origin_gdp_2008 [1,] 0.5429621 0.5477703 0.5559634 origin_gdp_2009 origin_gdp_2010 origin_gdp_2011 [1,] 0.5662069 0.5657621 0.5663157 origin_gdp_2012 origin_gdp_2013 origin_gdp_2014 [1,] 0.5654136 0.5676351 0.566005 origin_gdp_2015 origin_gdp_2016 origin_gdp_2017 [1,] 0.5539315 0.5458226 0.5435191 origin_gdp_2018 origin_gdp_2019 [1,] 0.5380502 0.5335561 Migrants to Italy from Africa df<-mimi_dataset_v2 %>% filter(from_to_cont=="AF-EU", destination_name=="Italy") %>% select(origin_name,destination_name,818:821, UN_migr_stocks_2020_T_T) %>% arrange(desc(UN_migr_stocks_2020_T_T)) colnames(df)[3] <- "Stock_of_migrants_in_2000" colnames(df)[4] <- "Stock_of_migrants_in_2005" colnames(df)[5] <- "Stock_of_migrants_in_2010" colnames(df)[6] <- "Stock_of_migrants_in_2015" colnames(df)[7] <- "Stock_of_migrants_in_2020" df <- df[-which(is.na(df$Stock_of_migrants_in_2020)),] df origin_name destination_name Migrant_stock_in_2000 Migrant_stock_in_2005 Migrant_stock_in_2010 Migrant_stock_in_2015 Migrant_stock_in_2020 Morocco Italy 285,569 355,367 416,832 422,481 451,960 Egypt Italy 43,336 75,904 107,072 108,497 128,857 Senegal Italy 49,429 67,115 80,612 87,688 113,444 Tunisia Italy 75563 91608 112624 101334 108129 Nigeria Italy 26781 41515 53072 58257 103462 Ghana Italy 34369 40455 44622 46084 54680 Côte d'Ivoire Italy 12341 18946 24594 25082 36256 Libya Italy 3371 19794 36492 34955 34542 Ethiopia Italy 5569 17983 30974 29434 28171 Gambia Italy 641 1078 1253 9992 23086 Algeria Italy 15810 19139 23713 21908 22363 Mali Italy 501 2339 2880 12237 21057 Eritrea Italy 7417 10504 13557 13529 16375 Cameroon Italy 3468 7462 11165 11285 15613 Somalia Italy 6842 9198 12634 13484 14473 Burkina Faso Italy 4866 8261 11105 11670 13683 Guinea Italy 1276 2587 3646 4059 13677 Mauritius Italy 10538 10018 9404 8860 8680 Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Italy 2031 4059 6198 5988 6874 Togo Italy 1395 3273 4859 5085 6547 Cabo Verde Italy 5037 5598 6260 6054 6366 South Africa Italy 1238 3447 5726 5671 5834 Kenya Italy 1050 2345 3528 3650 4275 Benin Italy 1205 1886 2528 2529 3254 Congo Italy 3287 3336 3474 3295 3163 Sudan Italy 813 1864 3094 2851 3039 Guinea-Bissau Italy 268 525 695 862 2721 Madagascar Italy 1097 1740 2348 2334 2700 Sierra Leone Italy 818 1098 1389 1367 2451 Angola Italy 1744 1807 1934 1813 1917 Tanzania, United Republic of Italy 786 1195 1631 1590 1845 Liberia Italy 212 1109 2160 1802 1725 Niger Italy 168 614 840 968 1465 Burundi Italy 553 780 985 1006 1216 Uganda Italy 363 665 996 950 1137 Seychelles Italy 859 919 1025 928 940 Mozambique Italy 314 586 834 1428 922 Zimbabwe Italy 151 516 904 849 922 Zambia Italy 159 517 895 867 895 Rwanda Italy 631 705 791 772 862 Mauritania Italy 385 531 630 695 849 Chad Italy 124 344 533 526 578 Gabon Italy 136 260 383 371 529 Central African Republic Italy 63 151 241 223 290 Malawi Italy 49 110 173 168 194 Equatorial Guinea Italy 60 91 121 119 176 Namibia Italy 35 64 93 85 89 Sao Tome and Principe Italy 43 59 77 71 81 Djibouti Italy 22 56 101 85 77 Botswana Italy 10 27 46 46 54 Eswatini Italy 8 22 37 30 49 South Sudan Italy NA NA 24 29 41 Lesotho Italy 6 19 29 24 30 Comoros Italy 11 24 39 29 24 Migrants to Italy from Asia origin_name destination_name Migrant Stock in 2000 Migrant Stock in 2005 Migrant Stock in 2010 Migrant Stock in 2015 Migrant Stock in 2020 China Italy 74,865 137,633 194,677 199,617 233,338 India Italy 43,109 89,745 128,999 138,591 167,272 Philippines Italy 85,612 114,522 137,814 142,694 151,520 Bangladesh Italy 23300 60160 89149 105084 135468 Pakistan Italy 24765 54772 78200 89137 124800 Sri Lanka Italy 41977 63528 83767 84992 95811 Turkey Italy 9618 15053 20888 19499 20513 Afghanistan Italy 201 3384 5549 14893 18689 Iran, Islamic Republic of Italy 8971 11701 14360 14869 18529 Georgia Italy 317 6271 10030 13336 15813 Thailand Italy 3842 6853 9476 9827 11338 Japan Italy 7130 7707 9489 8097 8967 Syrian Arab Republic Italy 3399 4728 5827 6105 8276 Iraq Italy 1498 2693 3952 3899 7928 Lebanon Italy 4149 5617 7206 6920 7685 Viet Nam Italy 2017 3637 4973 5276 6077 Kazakhstan Italy 542 2196 3586 4028 4810 Korea, Republic of Italy 3896 3913 4683 3789 4607 Israel Italy 2553 3218 4541 3690 4107 Indonesia Italy 1227 2193 3122 3150 3734 Jordan Italy 2973 2982 3324 2902 3058 Uzbekistan Italy 1161 1835 2424 2509 2726 Nepal Italy 195 985 1647 1878 2437 Kyrgyzstan Italy 79 703 1188 1418 1944 Armenia Italy 279 768 1107 1354 1847 Cambodia Italy 292 807 1299 1315 1385 Saudi Arabia Italy 92 527 1018 968 1237 Palestine, State of Italy 373 382 372 5009 1176 Azerbaijan Italy 98 404 668 698 930 Malaysia Italy 339 476 632 608 677 United Arab Emirates Italy 19 195 324 373 665 Singapore Italy 208 388 581 551 641 Kuwait Italy 106 325 578 536 632 Cyprus Italy 195 423 696 602 440 Myanmar Italy 165 303 385 451 437 Yemen Italy 227 245 298 266 395 Mongolia Italy 57 166 249 291 314 Turkmenistan Italy 44 125 195 225 283 Tajikistan Italy 30 108 179 202 264 Lao People's Democratic Republic Italy 179 220 268 250 251 Qatar Italy 2 41 77 457 147 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Italy 40 83 102 110 82 Timor-Leste Italy 44 62 69 99 77 Bahrain Italy 3 27 39 293 72 Oman Italy 40 46 48 53 68 Brunei Darussalam Italy 5 19 29 33 36 Maldives Italy 11 23 83 33 35 Bhutan Italy 36 36 33 39 30