Gothic/3/Adverbs

Introduction to Adverbs An adverb is a word or an expression that modifies a verb. For example: The man hardly works. The adverb hardly modifies the verb work In Gothic, most adverbs are formed from adjectives using the suffix -ba. Examples: mikils great; mikilaba greatly; raihts right; raihtaba rightly. Another way Gothic created adverbs was through the suffix -o. Some examples: Gothic English andaugjo openly analeiko in the same manner sinteino continually sprauto quickly sniumondo quickly, with haste Comparative Degree The comparative degree of adverbs generally end in -is, -os. Examples: Gothic English aris earlier faurþis beforehand framis further hauhis higher sniumondos with more haste Superlative Only two adverbs of the superlative degree are attested: Gothic English frumist first of all maist most of all Adverbs of Time Adverbs of time are expressed either by simple adverbs such as: Gothic English air early ƕan when ju already nu now þan then Or by oblique cases of nouns and pronouns such as: Gothic English himma daga today gistradagis tomorrow du maurgina tomorrow dagis ƕizuh day by day ni aiw never Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place end in -r or -a. Some examples: Gothic English aljar elsewhere her here ƕar where þar there faura before Adverbs of Motion Adverbs of motion have either no suffix or end in -þ(d), -dre. Some examples: Gothic English dalaþ down ƕaþ, ƕadre whither jaind, jaindre thither hidre hither Adverbs with the Genitive Case The genitive case is something used adverbially as allis wholly; andwairþis over against; nahts at night; and raihtis indeed.