Uzbek/Lesson Two

__NOTOC__ << Previous Lesson - Index - Next Lesson >> 350px|An old Madrassa in Bukhara|thumb|right|An old Madrassa in Bukhara. This lesson is divided up into several sections. After your done you'll be ready to have your very first conversation in Uzbek. Sure, it'll be real simple—but you'll know how to greet somebody, introduce yourself, ask some polite questions, and say goodbye. If you want to do it intensive (which I'd recommend) you can do this all as one lesson. If you don't have much time the dialogues are broken up into four sections—just do one. (Eventually I think we'll merge all four tiny dialogues) Cultural Notes For many years Soviet histories portrayed Central Asia as a backward area with no tradition of scholarship and learning. In fact, education in the region was widespread and well developed long before the nineteenth century Russian conquest. There existed a large network of "old style" primary (maktab) and higher (madrasa) schools, which taught religious subjects. In those days many children studied at maktabs in their own neighborhoods. Some continued their studies for another ten years at a madrasa. After the Russian conquest, the tsarist administration established schools with instruction in Russian for the indigenous nationalities. These trained a small number of Central Asians to serve the tsarist administration. Around the turn of the century, reform minded local intelligentsia called iadids opened "new style" schools (usul-i jadid). Unlike the "old style" schools, the jadid schools taught secular subjects. Both the "old style" and the "new style" schools disappeared in the 1920s. Today Uzbekistan has educational institutions developed after the Soviet model, including primary and secondary schools, specialized technical schools, and institutes and universities. . . --The rest of the information from the peace corps manual is dated. Any important cultural fact about education can go here-- Dialogues First DialogueAzizEshiting va gapni yozing.MikeIltimos, sekin oʻqing.AzizXoʻp Siz meni tushunyapsizmi?Second DialogueMikeMen bu gapni tushunmayman.AzizQaysi gapni?Mike"Sogʻ boʻling!" nima degani?AzizBu - yaxshi tilak. Siz uni doʻstlaringizga aytishingiz mumkinThird DialogueAzizMayk, yakshanbada siz qayerda boʻldingiz?MikeYakshanbada men oʻyda boʻldim.AzizSiz uyda nima qildingiz?MikeMen kitob oʻqidim, televizor koʻrdim va doʻstimga xat yozdim. Vocabulary eshiting listen (imperative, singular or plural polite) va and gap sentence gapni the sentence (accusative case) yozing write (imperative) iltimos please sekin slowly oʻqing read (imperative) oʻqiyman I will read (present-future tense) siz you meni me (accusative) tushunyapsizmi? do you understand? bu this tushunmayman I do not understand (negative present-future) qaysi? what?, which? sogʻ healthy boʻling be (imperative singular and plural polite) sogʻ boʻling be healthy nima degani? what does it mean? tilak wish uni it, him, her (pronoun, accusative case) doʻstlaringizga to your friends (possessive, dative case) aytishingiz your saying (possessive) mumkin may, can, possible (verbal predicate) yakshanbada on Sunday (locative case) qayerda? where? boʻldingiz you were (definite past) uyda at home (locative case) boʻldim I was (definite past) nima? what? qildingiz you did (definite past) kitob book oʻqidim I read (definite past) televisor television koʻrdim I watched (definite past) doʻstimga to my friend (possessive, dative) xat letter yozdim I wrote Grammar and Vocabulary Explanations For Dialogue 1 In Uzbek the infinitive is formed by adding the suffix -moq to the verbal stem: eshitmoq to listen yozmoq to write oʻqimoq to read Without the infinitive or any other suffix, the Uzbek verbal stem is identical to the second person singular or imperative which is used in familiar or sometimes impolite situations: eshit! listen! yoz! write! oʻqi! read! To express the imperative for singular and plural in a polite manner, the suffix -ing is added to a verbal stem ending in a consonant. The suffix -ng is added to a stem ending in a vowel: eshit+ing listen yoz+ing write oʻqi+ing read In the sentence gapni yozing the suffix -ni indicates the accusative case and expresses the idea of a definite quality. It is equivalent to English 'the': gapni yozingsentence+the write+you(Write the sentence!) Pronunciation Notes Pronounce the letters ng as one sound as in the American English ng in the word song, and not as two sounds n and g as in English 'in good standing'. Imperative sentences are pronounced in Uzbek with a falling intonation on the last syllable: sekin oʻqing read slowly For Dialogue 2 The negative of a verb is formed by adding the suffix -ma to the stem of the verb before adding any of the tense or person suffixes: yozi write! yozma! don't write! oʻqi read! oʻqima! don't read! The word tushunmayman is a negative verb in the present-future tense and can mean 'I do not understand' or 'I will not understand.' It is formed by adding the suffix -i to the negative form of the verb: tushun+ma+i+manunderstand+not+do/will+II (will) do not understand As in English, an adjective always stands before the noun it qualifies: yaxshi tilak good wish Aytishingiz mumkin (you can say) consists of a verbal noun aytishingiz (your saying) and a verbal predicate mumkin (it is possible). The expression Sogʻ boʻling! (Be healthy) is used by Uzbeks to wish each other well when saying goodbye. For Dialogue 3 The locative case suffix -da is attached to nouns and has the meaning of 'at,' 'in,' 'on': uy home uyda at home yakshanba Sunday yakshanbada on Sunday The verbal forms of oʻqidim (I read), qildingiz (you did) etc. . . contain the definite past tense suffix -di. This suffix is added to the verb stem and indicates in a factual manner that an action was completed in the recent past: xat yozdim I wrote a letter (and finished writing it) Sentence Patterns When a word needs to be emphasized, it is usually placed immediately before the predicate: Yakshanbada men uyda boʻldimMen uyda yakshanbada boʻldimSunday+on I home+at was+II home+at Sunday+on was+II was at home on SundayI was at home on Sunday Uzbek Proverb image:Cquote1.svg‎Sogʻ tanda -- sogʻlom aqlimage:Cquote2.svg‎Translation: In the healthy body is a healthy mind.Meaning:Sound body = Sound mind Recap Congratulations! You can now have your first ever conversation in Uzbek--and that wasn't that hard either? Was it? In future editions of this book we might have exercises and such, so that you can practice what you learned, and really get it to soak in--and also so you can double check and make sure you know it. But they aren't available just yet :) << Previous Lesson - Index - Next Lesson >>