Spanish/Lesson 8

Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo) Commands are used when you ask someone to do something or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where you use the usted or ustedes form. The following table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the stem changes that occur in the yo form, (e->ie, e->i, o->ue, ar/er/ir->go cer->zco etc., ) apply for formal commands:   hablar comer pedir Usted hable coma pida Ustedes hablen coman pidan The following verbs have irregular formal commands:   dar estar ir saber ser Usted dé esté vaya sepa sea Ustedes den estén vayan sepan sean Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence: Examples: Piense antes de hablar.Think before you speak.Terminen sus tareas escolares.Finish your homework.Dejen la casa inmediatamente.Leave the house immediately. Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone you would address in the tú form. Spanish distinguishes two different types of tú-commands, the affirmative (do something) and the negative (don't do something). Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:   hablar comer pedir Affirmative habla come pide Negative no hables no comas no pidas The following verbs have irregular informal tú-commands for the affirmative and negative.   decir hacer ir poner Affirmative di haz ve/andá (Chile, Argentina) pon To remember these, arrange them in this order: Ven Di Sal Haz Ten Ve Pon Se Which can also be read as "Vin Diesel has ten weapons, eh?" Negative no digas no hagas no vayas no pongas   salir ser tener venir Affirmative sal sé ten ven Negative no salgas no seas no tengas no vengas This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device "di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven." Examples: Piensa antes de hablar.Think before you speak.Termina tus tareas escolares.Finish your homework.No dejes la casa.Don't leave the house. El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La salud (Health) Los cuidados médicos Medical attention la salud health la enfermedad the disease el dolor the pain el dolor de cabeza the headache el dolor de estómago the stomachache el resfriado the chill, the cold la medicina the medicine el jarabe the syrup la gripe the flu el hospital the hospital la cama the bed la camilla the examining couch el médico, la médica the physician el enfermero, la enfermera the nurse el catarro the cold la tos the cough la fiebre the fever la quemadura del sol the sunburn el dolor de la muela the toothache la pastilla the pill la cita appointment el consultorio the doctor's office El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - El cuerpo (The Body) Las partes del cuerpo Body partsla cabeza the headel ojo the eyela oreja the ear el cuello the neck la espalda the backmore...