Flora of New York/Lamiales 1

Lamiales 1:Oleaceae, Tetrachondraceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae Lamianae Solanales Lamiales 2 Lamiales 2:Lamiaceae The Lamiales P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 2013. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ Family Oleaceae The Oleaceae (olive family) in New York consists of a handful of native and introduced ash trees, along with a number of non-native shrubs, some of which, primarily the privets, are extremely invasive and create dense thickets. Interestingly, the olive family does not include Elaeagnus species (Russian olive and autumn olive), which are also common alien invasives but are categorized in the Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family) in the Rhamnales.OleaceaeOleaceae Tribe Forsythieae The tribe Forsythieae Taylor ex L. Johnson (1957) contains introduced Forsythia Vahl species, as well as the South Korean Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai.Wallander, Eva, and Victor A. Albert. “Phylogeny and Classification of Oleaceae Based on Rps16 and trnL-F Sequence Data.” American Journal of Botany, vol. 87, no. 12, 2000, pp. 1827–41. Accessed 12 Jan. 2025. Forsythia Forsythia suspensa 4090392 レンギョウ（連翹）.JPG Forsythia suspensa Forsythia is a popular non-native ornamental shrub, planted at least in part for its bright yellow early spring flowers. In New York, the degree of this popularity is tempered in much of the state where local weather doesn't consistently allow much flowering. The two species listed as having to some extent naturalized in New York are F. viridissima (greenstem forsythia) and F. suspensa (weeping forsythia). It's likely that in recent times the hybrid of the two, Forsythia × intermedia, has been planted at least as much as either of its parents, but it is sterile and also may not reproduce vegetatively as well as F. suspensa, whose arching branches root where they touch the ground, allowing it to do a slow walk into adjacent natural areas.Paul M. Catling (2007) "Weeping forsythia, another shrub naturalized in Canada." Botanical Electronic News No. 378 April 25, 2007. Victoria, B.C. Forsythia speciesCommon nameStem CenterStem HabitLeaf typeForsythia suspensaweeping forsythiaHollow except at nodesArchingForsythia viridissimagreenstem forsythiaPith except at nodesUprightSimpleForsythia × intermediahybrid forsythiaUpright or archingSimple or 3-lobed Lamiales Oleaceae Forsythieae Forsythia Forsythia Forsythia 596 3 Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl 1780 Ligustrum suspensum Thunb. Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2, 3: 209 (1780) 1784 Syringa suspensa Thunb. ex Murray J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14.: 57 (1784) 1792 Lilac perpensa Lam. Encycl. 3: 513 (1792) 1804 Forsythia suspensa Vahl Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 39 (1804) 1864 Forsythia fortunei Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1864: 412 (1864) 1889 Forsythia sieboldii (Zabel) Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 109 (1889) 1901 Forsythia suspensa variegata Butz Rep. (Annual) Pennsylvania Agric. Exp. Sta. 1899-1900: 376 (1901) 1932 Rangium suspensum Ohwi Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 140 (1932) 1990 Forsythia giraldiana Lingelsh pubescens (Rehder) C.S.Niu Niu Chun Shan (ed.), Dendrologia Schensiensis: 999 (1990) Forsythia Weeping forsythia Golden-bells Introduced China Not naturalized 1951 X Oswe-Oran-Rens-Yate FOSU X0 608900-1 9657 Ontrario only forsythia/suspensa 32962 231 23000130 Forsythia suspensa3.jpg Forsythia viridissima Lindl. 1846 Forsythia viridissima Lindl. Journal of the Horticultural Society of London 1: 226–228. 1846. 1932 Rangium viridissimum (Lindl.) Ohwi Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 1(2): 140. 1932. 1942 Rangium koreanum (Rehder) Ohwi fertile Uyeki J. Korean Pl. Forest. Soc. 208: 6 (1942) 1947 Forsythia viridissima Lindl. bronxensis Everett Gard. Chron. Amer. 51: 296 (1947) 2004 Forsythia viridissima Lindl. incisa Geerinck Taxonomania 14: 5 (2004) Greenstem forsythia Green-stemmed forsythia Golden-bells Forsythia vert Introduced Not naturalized China & Korea 1953 X Oran-Rens FOVI XX 6JJ32 5415053 163059-Forsythia-viridissima 608903-1 0000832231 6725 Ontario only forsythia/viridissima 32963 311391 23000131 Forsythia viridissima ENBLA08.jpg Forsythia × intermedia Zabel Forsythia suspensa Forsythia viridissima 1885 Forsythia × intermedia Zabel Gartenflora 1885: 36 (1885) 1899 Forsythia × intermedia Zabel densiflora Koehne Nursery Cat. (Späth) 104: 94 (1899) 1899 Forsythia × intermedia Zabel divaricata Koehne Nursery Cat. (Späth) 104: 94 (1899) 1899 Forsythia × intermedia Zabel vitellina Koehne Nursery Cat. (Späth) 104: 94 (1899) 1903 Forsythia × intermedia Zabel densiflora (Koehne) Schelle L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 413 (1903) 1906 Forsythia × vitellina (Koehne) Koehne Gartenflora 55: 226 (1906) 1906 Forsythia × spectabilis Koehne Gartenflora 55: 227 (1906) 1906 Forsythia × densiflora (Koehne) Koehne Gartenflora 55: 229 (1906) Border forsythia Showy forsythia Hybrid forsythia Introduced Not naturalized Artificial hybrid 7374 Xm FOIN3 X0 6JJ2V 5415054 411276-Forsythia---intermedia 608891-1 0000832186 507912 225 50142671 nymap.svg Suffolk (2008) 21 counties 2021-03-26 15 23 51 Forsythia blossoms along Tranquility Court in the Franklin Farm section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia.jpg Abeliophyllum Abeliophyllum distichum 2022-03-25 5792.jpg Abeliophyllum distichum Abeliophyllum is a monotypic genus with Abeliophyllum distichum (미선나무, white forsythia) as its only species. It is native to South Korea, where it is listed as endangered.Son, S.-W., Kim, Y.-S. & Kim, H. 2016. Abeliophyllum distichum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accessed 12 Jan. 2025. A specimen of this plant was collected at the New York Botanical Garden in 1943.Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai collected at The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY). GBIF—the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed 12 Jan. 2025 New York State iNaturalist observations of white forsythia were made in 2022 and 2023, the first of which has not been tagged as cultivated.Abeliophyllum distichum (White Forsythia) iNaturalist observation in Dutchess County, NY, April 2022 Lamiales Oleaceae Forsythieae Abeliophyllum Abeliophyllum White Forsythia Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. 1919. Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33:153 1922. Abeliophyllum distichum fo. albiflorum Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36:26 1922. Abeliophyllum distichum fo. lilacinum Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36:26 1976. Abeliophyllum distichum var. obtusicarpum T.Lee in J. Korean Pl. Taxon. 7:22 1976. Abeliophyllum distichum fo. eburneum T.Lee in J. Korean Pl. Taxon. 7:22 1976. Abeliophyllum distichum fo. viridicalycinum T.Lee in J. Korean Pl. Taxon. 7:22 White forsythia Korean abelialeaf 미선나무 Miseonnamu Introduced South Korea 450787-Abeliophyllum-distichum Dutchess (2022) Dutchess (2022, 2023-cultivated), Queens (2021-cultivated 7326165 Bronx (1943-cult) Bronx (1943, cultivated in New York Botanical Garden) nymap.svg Abeliophyllum distichum 2021-04-14 5608.jpg Tribe Oleeae The tribe Oleeae is the largest Oleaceae tribe and was previously treated as subfamily Oleoideae. It contains the four subtribes:Wallander, Eva, and Victor A. Albert. “Phylogeny and Classification of Oleaceae Based on Rps16 and trnL-F Sequence Data.” American Journal of Botany, vol. 87, no. 12, 2000, pp. 1827–41. Accessed 12 Jan. 2025. Ligustrinae Syringa (lilacs) Ligustrum (privets) Schreberinae Schrebera (East Africa & India, not found in NY) Comoranthus (Madagascar, not found in NY) Fraxininae Fraxinus (ash trees) Oleinae (the remaining 12 genera, of which only Chionanthus is found in NY). Subtribe Fraxininae Fraxinus Fraxinus americana seeds.jpg Fraxinus americana The genus Fraxinus is represented in New York primarily by the three native and economically important ash trees: white ash, black ash, and green ash. All are susceptible to infestation by the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) which has already infested a number of areas in the state and is expected to decimate ash tree populations in the near future. Lamiales Oleaceae Oleeae Fraxininae Fraxinus Fraxinus Ash 892 5 Melioides Fraxinus americana L. 1753 Fraxinus americana L. 1878 Fraxinus americana L. microcarpa A.Gray 1898 Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle 1947 Fraxinus americana L. biltmoreana (Beadle) J.Wright ex Fernald 1983 Fraxinus americana L. biltmoreana (Beadle) A.E.Murray White ash American ash Frêne blanc Franc frêne Frêne d'Amérique Native Secure 3 FACU Perennial Tree 1950 N Dry to mesic and occasionally wetter forests and in more open habitats like barrens, woodlands, and rocky summits. Also appearing as an early successional tree in old fields. Commonly produces abundant seedlings in both closed and open sites. FRAM2 NN 6726 Fraxinus/americana 316687 23000132 Fraxinus%20americana Glacier Pools Preserve (21) (19052549854).jpg Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1785 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1788 F. pubescens Lam. 1800 F. lanceolata Borkh. 1865 F. juglandifolia aucubifolia H. Jaeger 1894 F. pennsylvanica lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. 1947 F. pennsylvanica subintegerrima (Vahl) Fernald 1949 F. pennsylvanica aucubifolia H. Jaeger Green ash Downy ash Northern red ash Frêne de Pennsylvanie Frêne rouge Native Secure 4 FACW FAC Perennial Tree 1949 5 FRPE NN 6730 Fraxinus/pennsylvanica 306 Fraxinus%20pennsylvanica Green Ash - Flickr - treegrow (3).jpg Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush 1813 Fraxinus tomentosa F.Michx. superfl. 1894 Fraxinus americana profunda Bush 1897 Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush 1897 Fraxinus pennsylvanica profunda (Bush) Sudw. 1914 Calycomelia profunda (Bush) Nieuwl. Pumpkin ash Frêne pubescent Native Impersistent 8 OBL Perennial Tree 6940 X FRPR NN 6731 Fraxinus/profunda 318250 23000145 Fraxinus%20profunda Fraxinus profunda, RBGE 2008.jpg Fraxinus Ash 892 5 Fraxinus Fraxinus nigra Marshall 1785 Fraxinus nigra Marshall 1788 F. sambucifolia Lam. 1790 F. nigra sambucifolia (Lam.) Castigl. 1846 F. americana sambucifolia (Lam.) D.J.Browne Black ash Brown ash Hoop ash Swamp ash Water ash Frêne noir Frêne de grève Frêne gras Native Secure 8 FACW Perennial Tree 6939 5 FRNI NN 6729 Fraxinus/nigra 301 23000001 Fraxinus%20nigra Fraxinus nigra leaves.jpg Fraxinus excelsior L. 1753 Fraxinus excelsior L. European ash Black ash Frêne commun Frêne d'Europe Introduced Eurasia Impersistent Perennial Tree 1948 X FREX80 XX 6727 Fraxinus/excelsior 282 Fraxinus%20excelsior Esche-WJP.jpg Subtribe Ligustrinae The subtribe Ligustrinae contains the non-native lilacs and privets. Syringa Korina 2010-05-02 Syringa vulgaris (4x3).jpg Syringa vulgaris The common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) has been grown in the state as an ornamental shrub for centuries and appears to persist only where it has been cultivated, and so it is found to have naturalized mainly around abandoned farmsteads and such. The more recently introduced Japanese tree lilac (Syringa reticulata) however is considered to be potentially invasive, and although it is not yet widespread outside of cultivation in New York, it may be of concern. GBIF shows hundreds of human observations of Syringa reticulata from the 2015 New York City Street Tree Census, giving the appearance on the map that the New York metro area has the highest density of Japanese tree lilacs in the world.Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara page in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 1/6/2024 The 2010 Syringa reticulata New York Invasiveness Ranking Form showed its invasiveness as unranked.Syringa reticulata New York Invasiveness Ranking Form. November 30, 2010 Lamiales Oleaceae Oleeae Ligustrinae Syringa Syringa Lilac 436 2 L. Syringa vulgaris L. 1753. Syringa vulgaris L. in Sp. Pl.: 9 1768. Syringa caerulea Jonst. in Dendrogr., ed. 2: 2: 219 1770. Syringa vulgaris var. alba Weston in Bot. Univ. 1: 289 1779. Lilac vulgaris (L.) Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 305 1796. Syringa latifolia Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 13, nom. superfl. 1800. Liliacum album (Weston) Renault in Fl. Orne: 100 1800. Liliacum vulgare (L.) Renault in Fl. Orne: 100 1813. Syringa lilac Thouin in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 20: 145, nom. superfl. 1830. Syringa cordifolia Stokes in Bot. Comm. 1: 33, nom. superfl. 1857. Lilac vulgaris var. alba (Weston) Jacques & Hérincq in Man. Gén. Pl. 3: 54 1889. Syringa alba (Weston) A.Dietr. ex Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 112 1916. Lilac caerulea (Jonst.) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 506 Common lilac Purple lilac Lilas commun Lilas vulgaire Introduced southeastern Europe Potentially invasive 205118104/verbatim category E 11529 Naturalized 1944 X SYVU XX WI, CA 542H2 5415039 83072-Syringa-vulgaris 289009-2 6735 syringa/vulgaris 36122 Syringa vulgaris nymap.svg 16 counties 55 counties Flieder (3).JPG Syringa reticulata reticulata (Blume) H. Hara 1851. Ligustrum reticulatum Blume in Mus. Bot. 1:313 1875. Ligustrina amurensis var. japonica Maxim. in Bull.Acad.Imp.Sci.Saint-Pétersbourg 1879. Syringa japonica (Maxim.) Decne. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 2:44 1894. Ligustrina japonica (Maxim.) L.Henry in Jardin 8:102 1941. Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 17:21 1952. Ligustrina reticulata (Blume) Nakai in Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31:91 Japanese tree lilac Lilas japonais Introduced temperate Asia Moderately invasive 1379 17285 205118123/verbatim C3 31%Syringa reticulata 31% Capital/Mohawk X Tree, shrub SNA 7533 2 counties Herbarium specimens from Columbia (2011), Livingston (2010) counties as of 1/2/2024 135416-Syringa-reticulata 14 counties Research-grade observations from 14 NY counties as of 1/6/2024 5415038 Common Very common in New York City SYRER2 X0 NY, MA, NH NYFA blog 77170691-1 23669 syringa/reticulata 36111 3700 Syringa reticulata nymap.svg Syringa reticulata USDA1.jpg Syringa reticulata amurensis (Blume) H. Hara (Rupr.) P.S. Greene & M.C. Chang 1857. Syringa amurensis Rupr. in Bull.Cl.Phys.-Math.Acad.Imp.Sci.Saint-Pétersbourg 1859. Ligustrina amurensis (Rupr.) Rupr. in Beitr. Pflanzenk.Russ.Reiches 11:72 1995. Syringa reticulata var. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang in Novon Amur lilac Introduced temperate Asia Excluded X 865 EXCLUDED SYREA X0 CO & MA only 405013 3700 Excluded nymap.svg Syringa reticulata USDA.jpg Syringa villosa Vahl 1804. Syringa villosa ssp. villosa Vahlin in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1:38 1888. Syringa emodi var. rosea Cornu in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 60:492 1895. Syringa bretschneideri Lemoine ex Wittm. in Gartenflora 34:499 1910. Syringa villosa var. rosea (Cornu) C.K.Schneid. in Repert.Spec.Nov.Regni Veg.1910. Syringa wolfii C.K.Schneid. in Repert.Spec.Nov.Regni Veg.9:81 1910. Syringa villosa var. hirsuta C.K.Schneid. in Repert.Spec.Nov.Regni Veg.9:81 1917. Syringa formosissima Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31:105 1918. Syringa hirsuta (C.K.Schneid.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32:132 1921. Syringa robusta Nakai in Fl. Sylv. Kor.10:57 1939. Syringa wolfii var. hirsuta (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder in J.Arnold Arbor.20:427 2007. Syringa villosa ssp. wolfii (C.K.Schneid.) Jin Y.Chen in Acta Phytotax.Sin. Villous lilac Late lilac Japanese lilac Introduced China No NY reports 0 Not collected 204423-Syringa-villosa Westchester (cult.) Westchester (cultivated 2020) 5415037 Monroe (cult.) Monroe (cultivated 1928), Highland Park Rochester as Syringa wolfii C.K.Schneid. SYVI3 X0 Westchester County 24787 syringa/villosa 507197 36121 23000280 Excluded nymap.svg USDA-NRCS Plants database showed Syringa villosa in Westchester County, apparently based on Glenn, S.D. (ed.). 2013. New York Metropolitan Flora database. New York Metropolitan Flora Project, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, New York. The New York Metropolitan Flora Project entry for genus Syringa at http://nymf.bbg.org/genus/195, only shows S. reticulata and S. vulgaris present in the New York metro area. Syringa villosa kz06.jpg Syringa josikaea J.Jacq. ex Rchb. 1830. Syringa josikaea J.Jacq. ex Rchb. in Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 8:32 1841. Syringa vincetoxifolia Baumg. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 656 1901. Syringa josikaea var. eximia Olbrich in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 1903. Syringa josikaea fo. eximia (Olbrich) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel 1903. Syringa josikaea var. zabelii Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel 1915. Syringa × henryi var. eximia (Olbrich) Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. Hungarian lilac Introduced southeastern Europe No NY reports Globally Endangered 0 0 204422-Syringa-josikaea Cultivated 7636833 Not present in NY Not present in New York State SYJO4 X0 60466522-2 24786 syringa/josikaea 565556 400467 https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/syringa/josikaea/ shows Syringa josikaea appearing to be naturalized in adjacent Berkshire County, MA. Excluded nymap.svg Syringa josikaea arboretum Breuil 2.jpg Ligustrum Schurenbachhalde 11 ies.jpg Ligustrum vulgareEuropean privet In general, the several privet species, none of which are native to the western hemisphere, have been found to be invasive, and some are quite difficult to control where they have naturalized. The New York Flora Atlas reports that Ligustrum obtusifolium (border privet) is by far the most common and invasive of the naturalized privets, but that Ligustrum vulgare (European privet) can be locally quite aggressive as well. Although some sources continue to treat Amur privet as a separate subspecies (Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp. suave),USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2022. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=403045. Accessed 23 February 2022. others treat it as a synonym of border privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium).POWO (2022). "Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ Retrieved 23 February 2022." Ligustrum sp.young twigs &stalks of floral paniclesfloral-paniclelengthcorolla lobe totube length ratiotube lengthL. vulgarehairless or minutely pubescentlonger than 2"~1/12.5 - 3 mmL. obtusifoliumconspicuously hairy1" to 2" long1/3 - 2/35 - 8 mm Lamiales Oleaceae Oleeae Ligustrinae Ligustrum Ligustrum Privet 252 4 Ligustrum vulgare L. 1753 Ligustrum vulgare L. 1877 L. insulense Decne. 1879 L. insulare Decne. European privet Common privet Wild privet Prim Troène commun Troène Introduced Europe western Asia northern Africa Moderately invasive 68%Ligustrum vulgare Moderate 68 (all) X FACU Perennial Shrub 1954 X Cayu-Madi-Broo-Otse-Onta+15 LIVU XX CP-3CP3 NE-2NE2 IPA WW 6734 ligustrum/vulgare 32980 22101 23000165 Ligustrum vulgare nymap.svg Ligusterstrauch.jpg Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. obtusifolium 1846 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. 1846 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. obtusifolium 1846 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. obtusifolium 1899 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. regelianum Rehder 1900 Ligustrum ibota regelianum Rehder 1904 Ligustrum regelianum Koehne 1926 Ligustrum ibota Siebold obtusifolium (Siebold & Zucc.) Koidz. Border privet Introduced Japan Korea Highly invasive Prohibited CP-2CP2 NE-4NE4 IPA VT 77%Ligustrum obtusifolium High 77 (all) 160937926/verbatim Invasive Perennial Shrub 1945 X Tomp-Oswe-Otse-Monr-Mont+15 LIOB X0 3172296 77170942-1 not listed in Canada ligustrum/obtusifolium 22087 23000161 Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp obtusifolium nymap.svg Ligustrum obtusifolium 4.JPG Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. suave (Kitag.) Kitag. 1861 Ligustrum amurense Carrière 1924 Ligustrum ibota Siebold amurense (Carrière) Mansf. 1934 Ligustrum ibota Siebold suave Kitag. 1944 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. suave (Kitag.) H.Hara. 1946 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. amurense (Carrière) Mansf. 1965 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. suave (Kitag. )Kitag. 1979 Ligustrum suave (Kitag.) Kitag. Amur privet Amur river privet Introduced China Potentially invasive NALigustrum obtusifolium Not assessed NA Perennial Shrub 1952 X as Ligustrum amurense Carr. - Amur privet LIAM X0 as Ligustrum amurense Carrière - Amur privet ligustrum/obtusifolium 32974 Ligustrum amurense Carrière 403045 Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. subsp. suave (Kitag.) Kitag. 23000907 Ligustrum obtusifolium subsp. suave (Kitag.) Kitag. Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp suave nymap.svg NYFA: Schenectady (1950) Ligustrum obtusifolium1.jpg Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. 1844 Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. 1850 L. japonicum ovalifolium Blume 1877 L. californicum Decne. 1878 L. medium Franch. & Sav. California privet Oval-leaf privet Garden privet Troène des haies Introduced Japan South Korea Invasive 45%Ligustrum ovalifolium Moderate 45 LH CP-3CP3 CT-FL Perennial Shrub 1946 X Bron-King-Nass-Suff (only) LIOV XX 6733 ligustrum/ovalifolium 22089 Ligustrum ovalifolium nymap.svg Ligustrum ovalifolium inflorescence 01.jpg Ligustrum Privet 252 X (excluded taxa) Ligustrum sinense Lour. 1790 Ligustrum sinense Lour. 1874 L. villosum May 1911 L. sinense villosum 1931 L. microcarpum Kaneh. & Sasaki Chinese privet Small-leaf privet Introduced China, Taiwan Laos, Vietnam Potentially invasive NALigustrum sinense Not assessed NA none 0 U LISI X0 MA, CT, NJ, RI, MD & southern US OH-MD-FL-TX not listed in Canada ligustrum/sinense 22095 23000164 nymap.svg Ligustrum sinense 0016058.jpg Oleaceae Oleeae Ligustrinae Subtribe Oleinae Chionanthus Chionanthus virginicus Śniegowiec wirginijski 2019-06-01 02.jpg Chionanthus virginicus White fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus) is a usually-dioecious tree that is native to the southeastern US, possiibly as far north as southern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but it has been reported to have naturalized in a few New York counties. It is becoming popular as a small ornamental tree in residential landscapes. There is some evidence that white fringetree in an acceptable host for the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).Don Cipollini & Chad M. Rigsby (2015) "Incidence of Infestation and Larval Success of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) on White Fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus), Chinese Fringetree (Chionanthus retusus), and Devilwood (Osmanthus americanus)" Environ Entomol 44(5):1375-1383, 22 July 2015. Lamiales Oleaceae Oleeae Oleinae Chionanthus Chionanthus Fringetree 591 1 Chionanthus virginicus L. Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778). Species Plantarum 1:8. 1 May 1753. 1753. Chionanthus virginicus L. 1794. Chionanthus trifidus Moench in Methodus:478 1796. Chionanthus vernalis Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 14 1797. Chionanthus cotinifolius Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1:47 1812. Chionanthus roseus Barton in Fl. Virgin.:2 1812. Chionanthus triflorus Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1:19 1813. Chionanthus virginicus var. maritimus Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:8 1828. Chionanthus maritimus (Pursh) Prince in Short Treat. Hort.:92 1828. Chionanthus montanus (Pursh) Prince in Short Treat. Hort.:92, nom. illeg. 1838. Chionanthus heterophylus Raf. in New Fl. 3:87 1838. Chionanthus obovatus Raf. in New Fl. 3:87 1838. Chionanthus angustifolius Raf. in New Fl. 3:88 1838. Chionanthus longifolius Raf. in New Fl. 3:88 1840. Chionanthus latifolius Aiton ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:350, nom. nud. 1840. Chionanthus fragrans Edwards ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:351 1857. Ligustrum cotinifolium (Willd.) Jacques in H.A.Jacques & F.Hérincq, Man. Gén. Pl. 3:3 1877. Chionanthus luteus Lavallée in Énum. Arbres:173 White fringetree White fringe-tree White fringe tree American fringetree Old-man's-beard Introduced southeast US N. America native Naturalized X FAC Perennial Tree, shrub Part shade SNA, G5 1947 6 counties Chemung, Monroe, Nassau, Orange, Otsego, Rockland 54654-Chionanthus-virginicus 25 counties Observed in about 25 New York Counties present in NY present in New York State CHVI3 N0 SE native 319141-2 5109 chionanthus/virginicus 10218 23000187 Chionanthus+virginicus chionanthus%20virginicus CHVI3 Chionanthus virginicus kz06 (9x16).jpg Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton 1852. Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton Tassel Tree Chinese fringetree Introduced temperate Asia CultivatedEdward F. Gilman & Dennis G. Watson (1993). "Chionanthus retusus, Chinese Fringetree, Fact Sheet ST-160, Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. 452213-Chionanthus-retusus 3 counties Bronx, Kings, New York counties present in NY present in New York State 10217 nymap.svg Chionanthus retusus5.jpg Family Tetrachondraceae The Tetrachondraceae is a very small family containing only two species of the genus Tetrachondra and a single species of the genus Polypremum. Of these three species, only Polypremum procumbens, juniper leaf, has been reported to have been collected in New York, but it has since been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.TetrachondraceaeTetrachondraceae Polypremum Polypremum procumbens 13912.jpg Polypremum procumbens Juniper leaf (Polypremum procumbens L.) is listed as native from Central and Southeastern U.S.A. to Central America, Caribbean, Northeast Colombia to Northern South America.Polypremum procumbens L. in Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 12 Jan. 2025. In the United States, it appears to be found from southern New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida and Texas. It is not known to have naturalized in New York State. Although previously listed in the New York Flora Atlas, it has since been excluded. Lamiales Tetrachondraceae Polypremum Polypremum Juniper leaf 269 1 (excluded taxa) Polypremum procumbens L. 1753. Veronica marilandica L. in Sp. Pl.:14 1753. Polypremum procumbens L. in Sp. Pl.:111 1803. Polypremum linnaei Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:83 1840. Polypremum laxum Raf. in Autik. Bot.:17 1840. Polypremum squarrosum Raf. in Autik. Bot.:17 1843. Polypremum schlechtendahlii Walp. in Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 1908. Hasslerella rojasii Chodat in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8:88 Juniperleaf Juniper-Leaf Rustweed Rust Weed N. America native southeastern US Excluded Heliophily: 8 X 826 Excluded from New York Flora Atlas 131588-Polypremum-procumbens No NY obs. No observations in New York State 5415472 Not present in NY present in New York State POPR4 NN 283590-2 5141 Polypremum_procumbens Polypremum%20procumbens Excluded nymap.svg Rustweed - Polypremum procumbens, Occoquan Regional Park, Lorton, Virginia (4x5).jpg Family Plantaginaceae The Plantaginaceae (Plantain family) contains the 12 tribes Plantagineae, Veroniceae, Digitalideae, Globularieae, Hemiphragmeae, Sibthorpieae, Russelieae, Cheloneae, Gratioleae, Antirrhineae, Callitricheae and Angelonieae.Xie P, Tang L, Luo Y, Liu C, Yan H. Plastid Phylogenomic Insights into the Inter-Tribal Relationships of Plantaginaceae. Biology (Basel). 2023 Feb 7;12(2):263. doi: 10.3390/biology12020263. PMID: 36829541; PMCID: PMC9953724. The New York genera are assigned to these tribes as follows: Gratioleae Gratiola (3 species of Hedge-hyssop) Leucospora (1 species of Paleseed) Cheloneae Chelone (3 species of Turtlehead) Penstemon (5 species of Beardtongue) Collinsia (2 species of Blue-eyed-Mary) Antirrhineae Linaria (7 species of Toadflax) Chaenorhinum (1 species of Dwarf-snapdragon) Cymbalaria (2 species of Ivy-leaf oadflax) Kickxia (2 species of Cancerwort) Antirrhinum (1 species of Snapdragon) Misopates (1 species of Snapdragon) Callitricheae Callitriche (5 species of Water-starwort) Hippuris (1 species of Mare's-tail) Digitalideae Digitalis (4 species of Foxglove) Plantagineae Littorella (1 species of Shore-grass) Plantago (14 species of Plantain) Veroniceae Veronica (29 species of Speedwell) Tribe Gratioleae Gratiola Lamiales Plantaginaceae Gratioleae Gratiola Gratiola Hedge-hyssop 530 2 Gratiola neglecta Torr. 1819 Gratiola neglecta Torr. Northern clammy hedge-hyssop Clammy hedge-hyssop American hedge-hyssop Gratiole négligée Native Secure 4 OBL Annual Herb-forb 2931 5 Gratiola neglecta Torr. - northern clammy hedge-hyssop - Exposed mud flats along the edges of streams, ponds, and lakes; brackish tidal marshes, pastures, and disturbed soils. A plant predominately of wet-mesic to periodically flooded soils with the adjacent herbaceous vegetation sparse. GRNE NN 7233 Gratiola/neglecta 316701 29200054 Gratiola%20neglecta Gratiola neglecta NRCS-1.jpg Gratiola aurea Muhl. 1811 Gratiola lutea Raf. 1813 Gratiola aurea Muhl. 1920 Gratiola aurea obtusa Pennell 1935 Gratiola lutea obtusa (Pennell) Pennell Golden hedge-hyssop Golden hedgehyssop Golden pert Gratiole dorée Native Likely secure 9 OBL Perennial Herb-forb 2926 4 GRAU NN 26095 Gratiola/aurea 33190 29200975 Gratiola%20aurea Gratiola aurea BB-1913.png Gratiola virginiana L. Gratiola virginiana L. Virginia hedge hyssop 2018 New York Flora Atlas Roundfruit hedgehyssop 2018 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Native Endangered ? OBL Annual-biennial Herb-forb 7603 1 Richmond only GRVI N0 nymap.svg Gratiola virginiana - 688-de.png Leucospora Lamiales Plantaginaceae Gratioleae Leucospora Leucospora Leucospora 440 1 n Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. 1803 Capraria multifida Michx. 1825 Stemodia multifida (Michx.) Spreng. 1834 Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. 1844 Sutera multifida (Michx.) Walp. 1846 Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth. Narrow-leaved paleseed Narrow-leaf paleseed Obe-Wan-Conobea Cliff conobea Introduced southern Midwest N. America native Naturalized 2971 X LEMU NN 7242 0 33632 29201026 Leucospora multifida.jpg Tribe Cheloneae Chelone Chelone glabra SCA-5638.jpg Chelone glabrawhite turtle-head Turtleheads are all native to eastern North America, but only the white turtlehead is native to New York State. Although common in New York wetlands and listed as secure, it is also listed as exploitably vulnerable by the state.6 CRR-NY 193.3(d) Exploitably vulnerable native plants. Lamiales Plantaginaceae Cheloneae Chelone Chelone Turtlehead 83 2 Chelone (plant) Chelone glabra L. 1753 Chelone glabra L. 1840 Chlonanthes glabra (L.) Raf. 1929 Chelone chlorantha Pennell & Wherry White turtlehead White turtle-head Snakehead Smooth balmony Galane glabre Native Secure Vulnerable 6 OBL Perennial Herb-forb Sun - shade 2933 5 CHGL2 NN 7220 chelone/glabra 402537 29200038 Chelone%20glabra Chelone glabra 3 (5097845032).jpg Chelone lyonii Pursh 1814 Chelone Lyonii Pursh Pink turtlehead Introduced US South native No NY reports FACW Perennial Herb-forb X 774 Excluded CHLY2 N0 chelone/lyonii 33184 Chelone+lyonii Chelone%20lyonii Excluded nymap.svg Chelone lyonii 1zz.jpg Chelone obliqua L. 1767 Chelone obliqua L. 1935 Chelone obliqua L. typica (L.) Pennell nom. inval. Red turtlehead Introduced US South native No NY reports OBL Perennial Herb-forb 0 0 Not listed CHOBO N0 chelone/obliqua 527305 Chelone+obliqua Chelone%20obliqua Excluded nymap.svg Flower (6086122087).jpg Penstemon Penstemon or beardtongue is a large genus of about 250 species of primarily North American herbaceous perennials. The genus name was derived from the Greek penta (five) and stemon (stamen), referring to the flowers, which have five stamens (one sterile and four fertile). Some Penstemon species have been hybridized and selected for horticultural trade. A popular example is Penstemon 'Dark Towers' (2004), which is a cross between an eastern U.S. cultivar: Penstemon digitalis Nutt. 'Husker Red' (Lindgren, 1984) and south-central U.S. hybrid pollen parent: Penstemon 'Prairie Splendor' (Penstemon cobaea Nutt. × Penstemon triflorus A.Heller) (Lindgren, 1993).Dale T. Lindgren and Daniel M. Schaaf (2009). "Penstemon 'Dark Towers'." HortScience June 2009 vol. 44 no. 3 852-853 Lamiales Plantaginaceae Cheloneae Penstemon Penstemon Beardtongue 864 5 Penstemon Penstemon Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. 1753 Chelone hirsuta L. nom. cons. (name & type conserved) 1800 Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. as Pentstemon Hairy beard-tongue Hairy beardtongue Northeastern beard-tongue Native Secure 7 2944 5 Native, Demonstrably secure in New York State. PEHI NN Eastern Canada, Northeastern US Penstemon/hirsutus 33924 27264 Penstemon hirsutus - Hairy Beard Tongue 2.jpg Penstemon pallidus Small 1903 Penstemon pallidus Small 1922 P. arkansanus pubescens Pennell 1933 P. brevisepalus Pennell Pale beardtongue Eastern white beardtongue Penstémon pâle Native Secure 10 FACU UPL 2943 5 Native, Demonstrably secure in New York State. PEPA7 NX Eastern US native, Introduced in Ontario Penstemon/pallidus 33967 408219 29200183 Penstemon%20pallidus nymap.svg Penstemon pallidus.jpg Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims P. laevigatus digitalis P. laevigatus angulatus Foxglove beardtongue Fox-glove beard-tongue Talus-slope beard-tongue Introduced US South native Naturalized FAC 6834 5 Native, Demonstrably secure in New York State. PEDI NX Eastern US Native, Eastern Canada Introduced Penstemon/digitalis Penstemon%20digitalis Penstemon digitalis - Foxglove Beardtongue.jpg Penstemon calycosus Small Penstemon calycosus Small P. laevigatus calycosus Longsepal beardtongue Long-sepal beard-tongue Introduced N. America native Unk. naturalizaiton 2942 X State exotic or non-native PECA7 N0 Eastern US, not in reported Canada Penstemon/calycosus Penstemon%20calycosus nymap.svg Penstemon calycosus flower.jpg Penstemon tubaeflorus Nutt. Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859) 1837 Penstemon tubaeflorus Nutt. as Pentstemon tubaeflorum 1837 Penstemon tubiflorus Nutt. orth. var 1949 P. tubaeflorus achoreus Fernald Funnel-form beardtongue White-wand beardtongue Tube beardtongue Introduced N. America native 2982 X State exotic or non-native PETU NX 7295 Penstemon/tubiflorus 33784 29200187 Penstemon%20tubiflorus nymap.svg Penstemon tubiflorus var. tubiflorus (4x5).jpg Collinsia Collinsia verna (blue-eyed mary) (Rock Cut, Muskingum Co OH.jpg Collinsia verna Collinsia is a North American genus with about 21 species. But only a few are native in the eastern side of the continent, including two that are rarely or no-longer found outside of cultivation in New York. Lamiales Plantaginaceae Cheloneae Collinsia Collinsia Blue-eyed-Mary 835 1 Nutt. (1817) Collinsia verna Nutt. 1817. Collinsia verna Nutt. 1818. Linaria tenella F.Dietr. in Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 4: 408 1824. Collinsia bicolor Raf. in Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 1:84 1824. Collinsia alba Raf. in Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 1:85 1824. Collinsia tricolor Raf. in First Cat. Gard. Transylv. Univ.:13 Blue-eyed Mary Spring blue-eyed Mary Eastern blue-eyed Mary Broad-leaved collinsia Innocence Collinsie printanière Native Endangered No recent reports DEC-ADECA 10 FAC FACU Annual Herb-forb 2n = 14 2935 6 counties Allegany, Erie, Herkimer, Monroe, Oneida, Tompkins 116349-Collinsia-verna Queens (2023-cult) Queens County (2023-cultivated) 5414956 Bronx, Erie Collected from Bronx County (1908-cultivated at NYBG), Erie County (Buffalo 1927?) COVE2 NN 801656-1 5159 7224 0 33524 29201810 COVE2 Collinsia%20verna Collinsia verna - West Virginia - ForestWander (4x5).jpg Collinsia parviflora Douglas ex Lindl. 1827. Collinsia parviflora Douglas ex Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 13:t.1082 1834. Collinsia minima Nutt. in J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7:47 1837. Collinsia pauciflora Hook. in Fl. Bor.-Amer., Bot. N. Brit. Amer. 2:94 1878. Collinsia grandiflora var. pusilla A.Gray in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):256 1908. Collinsia diehlii M.E.Jones in Contr. W. Bot. 12:68 1908. Collinsia parviflora var. minima (Nutt.) M.E.Jones in Contr. W. Bot. 12:69 1928. Collinsia parviflora fo. rosea F.A.Warren in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41: 197 1945. Collinsia parviflora var. simplex Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 30(1):62 1951. Collinsia parviflora var. diehlii (M.E.Jones) Pennell in Ill. Fl. Pacific States 3:778 Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary Maiden blue-eyed Mary Few-flowered blue-eyed Mary Blue-lips Small blue-eyed Mary Small-flowered collinsia Collinsie à petites fleurs Introduced N. America native Not naturalized 2n = 14, 28, 42 7313 Tompkins (1932) Tompkins County (1932) 59013-Collinsia-parviflora No NY obs. No New York State observations 5414960 Not in NY Not present in New York State COPA3 NN 801640-1 9461 7222 collinsia/parviflora 316882 Collinsia_parviflora 29201799 Collinsia%20parviflora nymap.svg Collinsia parviflora 07503.JPG Tribe Antirrhineae Of the dozen or so species of Antirrhineae (snap-dragon tribe) known to grow in the wild in New York, only oldfield toadflax is considered to be native to the state.Zarre, S., Yusefi, N., and Heubl, G. . "Subgeneric classification of Linaria (Plantaginaceae; Antirrhineae): molecular phylogeny and morphology revisited", Progress in Biological Sciences, 7, 1, 2017, 53-65. doi: 10.22059/pbs.2019.210157.1222 Linaria Nuttallanthus canadensis, Blue todflax, Howard County, Md, Helen Lowe Metzman 2019-10-23-19.12.56 ZS PMax UDR (49575809643).jpg Nuttallanthus canadensis The genus Nuttallanthus contains a small number of American toad-flaxes, which are still often included in the much larger Linaria genus. 1754. Linaria Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.:[s.p.] 1756. Elatine Hill in Brit. Herb.:113, nom. illeg. 1763. Peloria Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2:(21) 1860. Saccularia Kellogg in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:17 1940. Trimerocalyx (Murb.) Murb. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N.31:68 1988. Nuttallanthus D.A.Sutton in Rev. Antirrh.:455 Lamiales Plantaginaceae Antirrhineae Linaria Linaria Toadflax 918 1 Lectoplectron Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz. 1753. Antirrhinum canadense L. in Sp. Pl.:618 1753. Anarrhinum canadense L. in Sp. Pl.:618 1790. Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz. in Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2:42 1833. Antirrhinum pauciflorum Poepp. ex Chav. in Monogr. Antirrh.: 149 1840. Antirrhinum canadense var. assurgens Raf. in Autik. Bot.: 155 1906. Linaria subandina Diels in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37:427 1923. Antirrhinum stellatum Larrañaga in Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2:191 1936. Linaria canadensis fo. cleistogama Fernald in Rhodora 38:443 1943. Linaria canadensis fo. albina Fernald in Rhodora 45:476 1988. Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton in Rev. Antirrh.:457 1988. Nuttallanthus subandinus (Diels) D.A.Sutton in Rev. Antirrh.:459 2016. Nuttallanthus canadensis fo. albinus (Fernald) G.Wilh. & Rericha in Michigan Bot. Old-field toadflax Canada toadflax Blue toadflax Field toadflax Linaire du Canada Native Likely secure 3 Biennial Herb-forb 6825 4 Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton - old-field-toad-flax - Native, Apparently secure in New York State. Eastern counties. Sand dunes and other sandy non-shaded habitats in maritime areas, dry exposed rocky outcrops and summits, bluffs, roadsides, and disturbed sites. NUCA NN 7263 Nuttallanthus/canadensis 503969 409898 Nuttallanthus_canadensis 50101188 NUCA Nuttallanthus%20canadensis Nuttallanthus canadensis NY-dist-map.png Nuttallanthus canadensis (14244371424) (2x3).jpg Linaria Toadflax 938 5 Linaria Linaria vulgaris vulgaris Mill. 1753. Antirrhinum linaria L. in Sp. Pl.:616 1768. Linaria vulgaris Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.° 1 1779. Antirrhinum commune Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:340 1821. Antirrhinum vulgare (Mill.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.2:22 (1822), nom. superfl. 1836. Linaria speciosa Ten. in Fl. Napol. 5:40, nom. illeg. 1840. Peloria linaria (L.) Raf. in Autik. Bot.:156 1882. Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. in Deut. Fl.:947, not validly publ. 1985. Linaria vulgaris ssp. arenosa Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22:272 2000. Linaria arenosa (Tzvelev) Tzvelev in Opred. Sosud. Rast. Severo-Zap. Rossii:680 Butter-and-eggs Yellow toadflax Flax-weed Wild snapdragon Eggs-and-bacon Introduced Eurasia Potentially invasive Refs.National Invasive Species Information Center lists Linaria vulgaris as invasive in the US.Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States lists Linaria vulgaris as invasive in adjacent states CT & NJ and ten other states. 2974 47 counties Collected from 47 New York Counties 50790-Linaria-vulgaris 62 counties Observed in all 62 New York counties present in NY present in New York State LIVU2 XX 77225497-1 7252 Linaria/vulgaris Linaria_vulgaris Linaria vulgaris NY-dist-map.png 20160627Linaria vulgaris2.jpg Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. 1753. Antirrhinum dalmaticum L. in Sp. Pl.:616 1768. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°13 1825. Linaria dalmatica ssp. tessala Formánek in Verh.Naturf.Vereins Brünn 1844. Linaria macedonica Griseb. in Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2:19 1879. Linaria smithii Boiss. & Orph. in P.E.Boissier, Fl.Orient. 4:376 1890. Linaria pancicii Janka ex Nyman in Consp.Fl.Eur.Suppl., not validly publ. 1908. Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm. in Bull.Soc.Sci.Nancy, sér. 1909. Linaria dalmatica var. macedonica (Griseb.) Vandas in Reliq. Formán.:426 1929. Linaria zangezura Grossh. in Zhurn. Russk. Bot. Obshch. (1930) 1988. Linaria dalmatica ssp. macedonica (Griseb.) D.A.Sutton in Rev. Antirrh.:321 1995. Linaria dalmatica var. tessala (Formánek) Delip. & M.Popova in Fl.Nar.Republ.Bulgariya Balkan toadflax Dalmatian toadflax Introduced Mediterranean Very highly invasive Refs.National Invasive Species Information Center lists Linaria dalmatica as invasive in the US.Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States lists Linaria dalmatica as invasive in four western states.New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Linaria dalmatica Ecological Invasiveness Rank: Very High. Invasive.org 2928 3 counties Monroe (1943), Queens (?), Ulster (1956) 77776-Linaria-dalmatica No NY obs No iNat observations in New York State 5415011 Bronx (cultivated) Bronx (1898, 1907, 1939) cultivated in BYBG LIDA XX 1052356-2 67004 Linaria/dalmatica Linaria_dalmatica_subsp._dalmatica Linaria dalmatica NY-dist-map.png Linaria dalmatica ssp dalmatica 0024002.jpg Linaria genistifolia genistifolia (L.) Mill. 1753. Antirrhinum genistifolium L. in Sp. Pl.:616 1768. Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°14 1779. Antirrhinum pallidiflorum Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:341 1827. Antirrhinum supinum Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl.Graec. 1840. Peloria genistifolia (L.) Raf. in Autik. Bot.:156 1847. Antirrhinum dalmaticum Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 3:209 1984. Linaria genistifolia ssp. angustata (Wierzb. ex Heuff.) Dostál in Folia Mus. Rerum 2004. Linaria genistifolia var. parviflora (Albov) Zernov in Novosti Sist. Vyssh., nom. illeg. Broom-leaved toad-flax Introduced Eurasia Not naturalized 7423 New York City Somewhere at some date in New York City 181679-Linaria-genistifolia No NY obs. No iNat observations in New York State 5415013 Bronx (cultivated) Cultivated plants at the New York Botanical Garden (1899, 1907, 1924) LIGE X0 Linaria/genistifolia 316730 nymap.svg 5021-Linaria genistifolia-Floriánek-7.06.jpg Linaria Toadflax 938 5 Versicolres Linaria maroccana Hook. f. 1872. Linaria maroccana Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. 98: t. 5983 Moroccan toadflax Morocco toadflax Annual toadflax Introduced Morocco Impersistent Not naturalized X Annual Herb-forb SNA, GNR 2975 Bronx, Suffolk Bronx, Suffolk (1987) 52405-Linaria-maroccana 7 counties Columbia, Queens, Saratoga, Steuben, Ulster, Westchester 5415016 Bronx, Queens Queens (2024) LIMA3 XX 804758-1 linaria/maroccana Moroccan toadflax (7997451521).jpg Linaria Toadflax 938 5 Supinae Linaria repens (L.) Mill. 1753. Antirrhinum repens L. in Sp. Pl.:614 1768. Linaria repens (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.° 6 1779. Antirrhinum striatum Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 343 1797. Antirrhinum gallioides Vent. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4:351 1821. Linaria galioides Schult. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1:482, not validly publ. 1844. Linaria striata var. repens (L.) Risso in Fl. Nice:350 1881. Linaria striata var. galioides Lamotte in Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 2:557 1983. Linaria repens var. blanca (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo in Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14:97 Pale toad-flax Striped toadflax Introduced Not naturalized Ballast grounds X 7424 New York (1880) Collected in New York County (1880) 133252-Linaria-repens No NY obs. No observations in New York State 5415019 Bronx, New York present in New York State LIRE3 XX nymap.svg Linaria repens 1.jpg Linaria supina supina (L.) Chaz. 1753. Antirrhinum supinum L. in Sp. Pl.:615 1787. Antirrhinum dubium Vill. in Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 437 1790. Linaria supina (L.) Chaz. in P.Miller, Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2:39 1794. Linaria filiformis Moench in Methodus: 523 1799. Antirrhinum bipunctatum Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2:311, auct. 1808. Linaria maritima DC. in Icon. Pl. Gall. Rar.:5 1828. Linaria supina var. maritima (DC.) Duby in Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 345 1827. Linaria dubia (Vill.) Dumort. in Fl. Belg.:34 1971. Linaria supina ssp. maritima (DC.) M.Laínz in Aport. Conoc. Fl. Gallega 7:20 Prostrate toad flax Lesser butter and eggs Introduced Not naturalized Ballast grounds X 7425 Kings (1879) Kings (1879) 181509-Linaria-supina No New World obs. No western hemisphere observations 5415009 Bronx, New York Ballast ground and cultivated at NYBG 1879-18pp LISU3 X0 nymap.svg LINARIA SUPINA - MONTSEC - IB-968 (Violeta de pastor).jpg Chaenorhinum Chaenorhinum-minus-4272.jpg Chaenorhinum minus Lamiales Plantaginaceae Antirrhineae Chaenorhinum Chaenorhinum Dwarf-snapdragon 929 1 Chaenorhinum minus minus (L.) Lange 1753. Antirrhinum minus L. in Sp. Pl.:617 1794. Linaria viscida Moench in Methodus:524 1798. Linaria minor (L.) Desf. in Fl. Atlant.2:46 1840. Antirrhinum minor Raf. in Autik. Bot.:156 1842. Linaria praetermissa Delastre in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér.2, 18:151 1869. Microrrhinum minus (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:127 1870. Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr.Fl.Hispan. 1881. Linaria minor ssp. praetermissa (Delastre) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 542 1974. Chaenorhinum minus fo. australior (Simonk.) V.Nikolić in Fl. SR Srbije 6: 161 1980. Microrrhinum praetermissum (Delastre) Speta in Stapfia 7:9 Dwarf snapdragon Small toadflax Introduced continental Europe Potentially invasive IPA-US X Annual Herb-forb SNA, GNR 2970 40 counties Collected from about 40 NYS counties 62396-Chaenorhinum-minus 25 counties Observed in 25 NYS counties 3171669 present in NY present in New York State CHMI XX 77227936-1 Chaenorhinum minus NY-dist-map.png Chaenorhinum minus PID1377-1.jpg Cymbalaria Zimbelkraut (14066264976).jpg Cymbalaria muralis The genus Cymbalaria Lamiales Plantaginaceae Antirrhineae Cymbalaria Cymbalaria Cymbalaria 688 2 Cymbalaria muralis muralis G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. 1753. Antirrhinum cymbalaria L. in Sp. Pl.: 612 1773. Antirrhinum cimbalaria Neck. in Delic. Gallo-Belg.:267, orth. var. 1768. Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 17 1776. Antirrhinum hederaceum Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:96, nom. superfl. 1779. Antirrhinum hederaceum Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 338, nom. superfl. 1794. Elatine cymbalaria Moench in Methodus: 525 1800. Cymbalaria muralis G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. in Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2:397 1820. Antirrhinum acutangulum Ten. in Fl. Napol. 2: 47 1821. Cymbalaria hederacea Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.2:322 (1822), nom. superfl. 1831. Linaria acutangula Ten. in Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 302 1840. Tursitis cymbalaria (L.) Raf. in Autik. Bot.:156 1846. Antirrhinum cymbalaria Sieber ex Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10:267 Kenilworth ivy Ivy-leaved toadflax Coliseum-ivy Introduced Southern Alps Naturalized Annual Herb-forb SNA, GNA 2936 14 counties Collected from 14 counties 55727-Cymbalaria-muralis 27 counties Collected from 27 counties 8200663 present in NY present in New York State CYMU XX 77229381-1 Cymbalaria muralis NY-dist-map.png Atlas roslin pl Cymbalaria bluszczykowata 6758 6808 (2x3).jpg Cymbalaria pallida (Ten.) Wettst. 1811. Linaria pallida Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1:32 1812. Antirrhinum pubescens Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): XXXVI, nom. illeg. 1815. Antirrhinum pallidum Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1:323 1828. Linaria apennina Tausch in Syll. Pl. Nov. 2:247 1891. Cymbalaria pallida (Ten.) Wettst. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Italian toadflax Introduced Central Italy Not naturalized 7081 Ulster (1969) Ulster (1969) 333851-Cymbalaria-pallida No NY observations 5559837 Not in NY Not present in New York State CYMBA 00 Cymbalaria pallida 02.jpg Kickxia Linaire bâtarde (Kickxia elatine).png Kickxia elatine The genus Kickxia contains species known as cancerwort or fluellin. Lamiales Plantaginaceae Antirrhineae Kickxia Kickxia Cancerwort 776 2 Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. 1753 Antirrhinum elatine L. 1768 Linaria elatine (L.) Mill. 1827 Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. 1840 Tursitis elatine (L.) Raf. 1891 Elatinoides elatine (L.) Wettst. 1891 Anarrhinum elatum (L.) Kuntze Sharp-pointed fluellin 2022 New York Flora Atlas Sharp-leaved fluellen 2022 GBIF Sharp-point toadflax Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Naturalzed 2961 X KIEL XX 3170819 804092-1 0000357274 29200058 Kickxia elatine NY-dist-map.png 3 counties 2 counties Kickxia elatine1.jpg Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. 1753 Antirrhinum spurium L. 1768 Linaria spuria (L.) Mill. 1800 Cymbalaria spuria (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. 1827 Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. 1891 Elatinoides spuria (L.) Wettst. Round-leaved fluellin 2022 New York Flora Atlas, GBIF Round-leaved cancerwort Female fluellin 2022 Tropicos: Brako, L., A.Y. Rossman & D.F. Farr. 1995. Sci. Comm. Names Introduced 6824 X KISP XX 3170817 804122-1 0000357128 Queens (1879) No NY observations Kickxia spuria Sturm 23.png Antirrhinum Antirrhinum majus B.jpg Antirrhinum majus Lamiales Plantaginaceae Antirrhineae Antirrhinum Antirrhinum Snapdragon 164 1 Antirrhinum majus Garden snapdragon Introduced Not naturalized 6943 X Orange (only) ANMA3 XX Snapdragons and Ageratum (3783463632).jpg Misopates Lamiales Plantaginaceae Antirrhineae Misopates Misopates Snapdragon 378 1 Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. Antirrhinum orontium L. Lesser snapdragon Introduced Impersistent 2959 Xm Not Persisting, Not Native, State exotic or non-native, Staten Island only MIOR XX Misopates orontium1.jpg Tribe Callitricheae Callitriche Callitriche palustris.jpg Callitriche palustrisvernal water-starwort The Callitriche found in New York are aquatic plants known as water-starworts. Lamiales Plantaginaceae   Callitricheae   Callitriche Callitriche Water-starwort 51 5 Callitriche heterophylla Pursh heterophylla Callitriche anceps Fernald Diverseleaf water-starwort Twoheaded water-starwort Native Secure 6932 5 CAHEH NN Callitriche/heterophylla Callitriche heterophylla NRCS-1.png Callitriche palustris L. Callitriche verna L. Vernal water-starwort Native Secure 655 5 CAPA52 NN Callitriche/palustris Fig. 05 Callitriche verna.jpg Callitriche terrestris Raf. Callitriche austinii Engelm. Callitriche deflexa A.Braun Terrestrial water-starwort Native Threatened DEC-BDECB 654 2-3 CATE19 NN Callitriche/terrestris Callitriche terrestris drawing 1.png Callitriche hermaphroditica L. Autumnal water-starwort Northern water-starwort Native Endangered DEC-ADECA 656 1 CAHE2 NN Callitriche/hermaphroditica Callitriche spp Sturm38.jpg Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Pond water-starwort Introduced Somewhat invasive 1035 11538 160936802/verbatim Invasive 49%Callitriche stagnalis Moderate 49 MLH Naturalized X OBL Perennial Herb-forb SNA 2.128613/Callitriche_stagnalis Exotic 657 X Colu-Oran CAST XX 5372487 Callitriche/stagnalis Callitriche stagnalis sl4.jpg Hippuris Lamiales Plantaginaceae Callitricheae Hippuris Hippuris Mare's-tail 408 1 Hippuris vulgaris L. 1953 Hippuris vulgaris L. Common mare's-tail Hippuride vulgaire Queue de cheval Pesse vulgaire Native Endangered DEC-ADECA 1587 1 HIVU2 NN 7237 hippuris/vulgaris 27069 417523 nymap.svg Hippuris vulgaris 001.JPG Tribe Digitalideae Digitalis 04913 Digitalis purpurea nevit.jpg Digitalis purpurea Lamiales Plantaginaceae Digitalideae Digitalis Digitalis Foxglove 594 4 Digitalis Digitalis purpurea L. 1753 Digitalis purpurea L. Purple foxglove Common foxglove Digitalis Fairy cap Digitale pourpre Grande digitale Introduced Europe Morocco Moderately invasive Naturalized 53%Digitalis purpurea Moderate 53 AMCLH 2966 X DIPU XX 7229 digitalis/purpurea 13986 Common Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) (41155708450).jpg Digitalis Foxglove 594 4 Globiflorae Digitalis lanata Ehrh. 1792 Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Grecian foxglove Woolly foxglove Woolly digitalis Digitale laineuse Introduced Europe Turkey Somewhat invasive Unknown naturalization 37%Digitalis lanata Low 37 FC 2937 X Onta-Monr-Livi-Ulst DILA3 XX 7227 digitalis/lanata 147321-Digitalis-lanata 13979 Digitalis lanata 06.jpg Digitalis Foxglove 594 4 Macranthae Digitalis grandiflora Mill. 1773 Digitalis ochroleuca Jacq. 1768 Digitalis grandiflora Mill. 1768 Digitalis magniflora Mill. 1768 Digitalis orientalis Mill. 1770 Digitalis ambigua Murray 1775 Digitalis flava Georgi 1782 Digitalis lutea-majar Gilib. 1825 Digitalis ambigua Murray grandiflora Wender. 1838 Digitalis milleri G.Don Yellow foxglove Large yellow foxglove Digitale à grandes fleurs Introduced Eurasia Highly invasive Naturalized 1118 55466 2 6874 X DIGR4 XX 5414992 60453625-2 0000647308 7226 digitalis/grandiflora 102280 Digitalis grandiflora (massif des Vosges).JPG Digitalis lutea L. 1753 Digitalis lutea L. 1773 Digitalis parviflora All. 1907 Digitalis ornata Porta ex Huter Straw foxglove Small yellow foxglove Digitale jaune Digitale à petites fleurs Petite digitale Introduced Europe Not naturalized 2938 X DILU XX 5414990 802039-1 7228 digitalis/lutea 161899-Digitalis-lutea 13980 4 counties 4 counties Digitalis lutea 002.JPG Digitalideae Tribe Veroniceae The tribe Veroniceae contains the genera Veronica (Speedwells) and Veronicastrum (Culver's Roots).Albach, Dirk C., et al. “Evolution of Veroniceae: A Phylogenetic Perspective.” Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, vol. 91, no. 2, 2004, pp. 275–302. JSTOR. Accessed 10 Jan. 2025.Albach, D. C., et al. “Chromosome Numbers in Veroniceae (Plantaginaceae): Review and Several New Counts.” Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, vol. 95, no. 4, 2008, pp. 543–66. JSTOR. Accessed 10 Jan. 2025. Veronicastrum Veronicastrum virginicum kz1.jpg Veronicastrum virginicumCulver's root Culver's root (Veronicastrum virginicum) is the only species of Veronicastrum reported in New York. It is listed as threatened (S2) in the state, but is widely planted. 1759. Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. in Enum. Meth. Pl.:111 1808. Callistachya Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5:60 1808. Calistachya Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5:352 1835. Calorhabdos Benth. in Scroph. Ind.:44 1900. Botryopleuron Hemsl. in Hooker's Icon. Pl.27: t.2670 Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veroniceae Veronicastrum Veronicastrum Veronicastrum 1037 1 Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. 1753. Veronica virginica L. in Sp. Pl.:9 1794. Veronicastrum rubellum Moench in Methodus: 437 1808. Callistachya virginica (L.) Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5:60 1808. Calistachya alba Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5:352 1812. Veronica quinquefolia Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1:28 1818. Leptandra virginica (L.) Nutt. in Gen. N.Amer.Pl.1:7 1829. Leptandra virginica var. purpurea Pursh ex Eaton in Man. Bot. N. States, ed. 5:275 1830. Leptandra purpurea (Raf.) Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:20 1830. Leptandra alba Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:21 1830. Leptandra caerulea Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:21 1830. Leptandra villosa Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:21 1843. Paederota virginica (L.) Torr. in Fl. New York 2:44 1916. Callistachya virginica var. purpurea (Raf.) Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17:177 1917. Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. in Druggists' Circ. 61:231 Culver's root Blackroot Bowman's root Tall speedwell Native Threatened 5 FAC FACU Perennial Herb-forb Sun - part shade S2, G4 2New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Veronicastrum virginicum. 2983 32 counties Collected from about 32 counties in New York State 141767-Veronicastrum-virginicum 25 counties Observed in about 25 counties in New York State present in NY present in New York State VEVI4 NN 264772-2 Veronicastrum/virginicum 34073 400612 Veronicastrum_virginicum VEVI4 Veronicastrum%20virginicum nymap.svg Veronicastrum virg album B (9x16).jpg Veronica Schildereprijs - Veronica scutulata.jpg Veronica scutulata The Flora of North America segregates Veronica by subgenera based on Phil Garnock-Jones et al. (2007)Garnock-Jones, P., Albach, D. and Briggs, B.G. (2007), Botanical names in Southern Hemisphere Veronica (Plantaginaceae): sect. Detzneria, sect. Hebe, and sect. Labiatoides. Taxon, 56: 571-582. subg. Veronica (V. officinalis, V. scutellata), subg. Beccabunga (V. beccabunga), subg. Pseudolysimachium (V. spicata, V. pseudolysimachion), subg. Pellidosperma (V. praecox), subg. Cochlidiosperma (V. hederifolia), subg. Chamaedrys (V. chamaedrys), subg. Stenocarpon (V. ciliata), subg. Pocilla (V. agrestis), subg. Pentasepalae (V. teucrium). Veronica subg. Veronica Veronica scutellata 001.jpg Veronica scutellata Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veroniceae Veronica Veronica Veronica Speedwell 153 24 Veronica Veronica scutellata L. 1753. Veronica scutellata L. in Sp. Pl.:12 1801. Veronica scutellata var. villosa Schumach. in Enum. Pl. Saelle 1:7 1809. Veronica parmularia Poit. & Turpin in Fl. Paris.: 16 1818. Veronica uliginosa Raf. in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2:175 1820. Veronica scutellata var. villosa Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl.:7, nom. illeg. 1821. Veronica angustifolia Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:306 (1822), nom. illeg. 1821. Veronica angustifolia var. pubescens Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:307 (1822) 1830. Veronica connata Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:110 1867. Cardia scutellata (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:389 1869. Limnaspidium parmularium Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 1869. Limnaspidium scutellatum Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 1990. Veronica polozhiae Revuschkin in Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Marsh speedwell Skullcap speedwell Native Secure 6 OBL Perennial Herb-forb Heliophily: 7 2n = 18 S5, G5 2911 52 counties Collected from about 52 New York State counties 61112-Veronica-scutellata 25 counties Observed in about 25 counties present in NY present in New York State VESC2 NN 812639-1 0000425182 5237 7339 Veronica/scutellata Veronica_scutellata nymap.svg Veronica scutellata eF.jpg Veronica officinalis L. 1753. Veronica officinalis L. in Sp. Pl.: 11 1787. Veronica allionii var. tournefortii Vill. in Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2:9 1793. Veronica allionii F.W.Schmidt in Fl. Boëm. 1:6, nom. illeg. 1793. Veronica tournefortii (Vill.) F.W.Schmidt in Fl. Boëm. 1:7 1825. Veronica vulgaris Opiz in Naturalientausch 9:111, nom. nud. 1827. Veronica officinalis var. tournefortii (Vill.) Dumort. in Fl. Belg.:36 2003. Veronica vadiniensis R.Alonso, Lence, López Pach., Puente & Penas in Bot.J.Linn.Soc. Common speedwell Gypsy-weed Common gypsy-weed Véronique officinale Introduced Eurasia Macaronesia Moderately invasive Naturalized 52%Veronica officinalis Moderate 52 first 1218 23162 X FACU Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 18, 36 (Europe) SNA 2.154977/Veronica_officinalis SNR G5 2917 49 counties Collected from about 49 New York State counties 129020-Veronica-officinalis 61 counties Observed in 61 New York State counties 3172049 present in NY present in New York State VEOF2 XX 812402-1 0000426099 7333 Veronica/officinalis 33398 80301 Veronica_officinalis Veronica%20officinalis nymap.svg Gypsyweed.jpg Veronica subg. Beccabunga Veronica americana 5496922.jpg Veronica americana Veronica subgenus Beccabunga (Hill) M.M.Mart Ort., Albach & M.A.Fisch. (2004) contains about six species that are found in New York State.Veronica subg. Beccabunga (Hill) M.M. Martinéz-Ortega, Albach & M.A. Fischer in the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Accessed 11 Jan 2025.Albach, Dirk C., et al. “A New Classification of the Tribe Veroniceae: Problems and a Possible Solution.” Taxon, vol. 53, no. 2, 2004, pp. 429–52. JSTOR. Accessed 11 Jan. 2025. Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veroniceae Veronica Beccabunga Veronica Speedwell 153 24 VERON 21 Beccabunga Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. ex Benth. 1824. Veronica intermedia Schwein. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 8:268, nom. illeg. 1830. Veronica beccabunga var. americana Raf. in Med. Fl. 2:109 1832. Veronica anagallis Bong. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 1843. Veronica beccabunga var. americana Torr. in Fl. New York 2:41, nom. illeg. 1846. Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. ex Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 1900. Veronica americana var. crassula Rydb. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1:353 1903. Veronica crenatifolia Greene in Pittonia 5:114 1917. Veronica americana fo. rosea J.K.Henry in Ottawa Naturalist 31:56 1948. Veronica americana fo. albiflora Tatew. ex H.Hara in Enum.Sperm.Japon. American speedwell American brooklime Véronique d'Amérique Véronique américaine Native Secure 4 OBL Perennial Herb-forb Heliophily: 7 2n = 36 S5, G5 2912 50 counties 50 counties 57277-Veronica-americana 45 counties 45 counties 3172084 Present in NY Present in New York State VEAM2 NN 7FPX4 316066-2 5223 7319 veronica/americana 33399 316860 Veronica_americana Veronica americana 5473459.jpg Veronica peregrina peregrina L. 1753. Veronica peregrina L. in Sp. Pl.:14 1753. Veronica romana L. in Sp. Pl.:14 1779. Veronica laevis Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:444 1782. Veronica marilandica Murray in Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 5:11, nom. illeg. 1788. Veronica caroliniana Walter in Fl. Carol.:61 1789. Veronica pallescens Gaterau in Desc. Pl. Montauban: 27 1791. Veronica carnosula Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1:47 non Hook.f. in Handb. N Zeal. Fl. (1864) 1831. Veronica peruviana Willd. ex A.Dietr. in Sp. Pl., ed. 6.1:534 1935. Veronica peregrina ssp. typica Pennell in Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Common Purslane Speedwell Necklace-weed Neckweed Native Secure 0 FAC Annual Herb-forb Heliophily: 7 2n = 52 S5, G5-T5 2924 30 counties Collected from about 30 New York counties 60318-Veronica-peregrina-peregrina 4 counties Observed in about 4 New York counties present in NY present in New York State VEPEP NN Introduced in the west 812460-1 5233 Veronica/peregrina Veronica_peregrina nymap.svg Starr 080415-4014 Veronica peregrina.jpg Veronica peregrina xalapensis L. (Kunth) Pennell 1818. Veronica xalapensis Kunth in Nov. Gen. Sp. 2:389 1919. Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell in Torreya 19:167 1928. Veronica sherwoodii Peck in Torreya 28:56 1928. Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) H.St.John in N.W.Sci. 2(3):90 1935. Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell in Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1940. Veronica peregrina var. laurentiana Vict. & J.Rousseau in Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 1979. Veronica peregrina f. xalapensis (Kunth) Kitag. in Neolin. Fl. Manshur. Western Purslane Speedwell Bird's-eye Speedwell Glandular speedwell Hairy purslane speedwell Neckweed Native Rare 3 FAC Annual Herb-forb Heliophily: 7 2n = 52 S3, G5-T5 2923 3 present in NY present in New York State VEPEX2 NN 812460-1 5234 Veronica/peregrina Veronica_peregrina Veronica peregrina ssp xalapensis NY-dist-map.png Veronica peregrina ssp xalapensis NRCS-1 (2x3).jpg Veronica catenata catenata Pennell 1881. Veronica anagallis-aquatica ssp. pallidiflora Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 828 1834. Veronica aquatica Bernh. in Uber Beg. Pflanzen Art.:66, nom. illeg. 1890. Veronica anagallis-aquatica ssp. aquatica Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(2):236 1890. Veronica anagallis-aquatica ssp. aquatica Bernh. ex Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2:236 1909. Veronica anagallis-aquatica proles aquatica (Nyman) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 1917. Veronica anagallis-aquatica var. glandulosa Farw. in Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 19:249 1921. Veronica catenata Pennell in Rhodora 23:37 1921. Veronica catenata var. glandulosa (Farw.) Pennell in Rhodora 23:37 1935. Veronica connata ssp. glaberrima Pennell in Monogr. Acad.Nat.Sci.Philadelphia 1939. Veronica connata var. glaberrima (Pennell) Fassett in Rhodora 41:525 1939. Veronica salina fo. laevipes (Beck) Fernald in Rhodora 41:568 1952. Veronica comosa var. glaberrima (Pennell) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 79:174 1952. Veronica comosa var. glandulosa (Farw.) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 79:174 Chained speedwell Pink water speedwell Water speedwell Pennell's speedwell Native Vulnerable 10 2n = 36 6840 3-5 VEAN2 NN as Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Veronica/catenata 80203 Veronica_catenata nymap.svg Veronica catenata sl47 (2x3).jpg Veronica serpyllifolia humifusa L. (Dicks.) Vahl 1785. Veronica tenella All. in Fl. Pedem. 1:75 1794. Veronica humifusa Dicks. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2:288 1800. Veronica serpyllifolia var. humifusa (Dicks.) Sm. in Fl. Brit. 1:19 1830. Veronica pasquorum var. alpina Hook. in Brit. Fl.: 4 (1830), nom. superfl. 1902, Veronica repens var. tenella (All.) Vayr. i n Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30:557 1987. Veronicastrum serpyllifolium ssp. humifusum (Dicks. ex With.) W.A.Weber Bright blue speedwell Native Likely extirpated 2n = 14 2965 X present in NY present in New York State VESEH2 NN 77249941-1 Veronica/serpyllifolia Veronica_serpyllifolia nymap.svg Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa 3.JPG Veronica serpyllifolia serpyllifolia L. 1753. Veronica serpyllifolia L. in Sp. Pl.:12 1768. Veronica capensis Burm.f. in Fl. Indica, Prodr. Fl. Cap.:1 1799. Veronica nummulariifolia Thuill. in Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2:6 1804. Veronica ruderalis Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1:66 1853. Veronica wolffiana Schur in Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. 1867. Cardia officinalis (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:390 1867. Cardia multiflora Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:391 1869. Veronicastrum serpyllifolium (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 Thyme-leaved speedwell Introduced Naturalized FAC Perennial Herb-forb Heliophily: 7 2n = 14 SNA, G5TNR 2978 X 181574-Veronica-serpyllifolia-serpyllifolia present in NY present in New York State VESES XX 812650-1 5238 Veronica/serpyllifolia Veronica_serpyllifolia nymap.svg Veronica serpyllifolia W.jpg Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. 1753. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. in Sp. Pl.:12 1782. Veronica rotundifolioerecta Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 1:116, opus utique oppr. 1782. Veronica longifoliorepens Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 1:117, opus utique oppr. 1791. Veronica michauxii Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1:44 1792. Veronica acutifolia Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 1:119, opus utique oppr. 1796. Veronica palustris Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:92 1867. Cardia amplexicaulis Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:390 1869. Beccabunga anagallis-aquatica (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 1919. Veronica brittonii Porter ex Pennell in Torreya 19:168 1919. Veronica glandifera Pennell in Torreya 19:170 2001. Veronica scardicoides Papch. in Veg. Watercourses Middle-Povolzhya:70 Water speedwell Blue speedwell Water pimpernel Brook pimpernel Blue water speedwell Mouron d'eau Introduced 2n = 36 6838 5 VEAN2 NN 811610-1 Veronica/anagallis-aquatica 80203 Veronica_anagallis-aquatica Veronica%20anagallis-aquatica Veronica beccabunga NY-dist-map.png Veronica anagallis-aquatica, Japan 2.JPG Veronica beccabunga beccabunga L. 1753. Veronica beccabunga L. in Sp. Pl.:12 1791. Veronica tenerrima F.W.Schmidt in Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1:198 1792. Veronica rotundifolia Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 1:120, opus utique oppr. 1796. Veronica fontinalis Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton:91 1825. Veronica limosa Lej. in Rev. Fl. Spa: 2 1830. Veronica anagallis-aquatica var. tenerrima (F.W.Schmidt) Roth ex Klett & Richt. 1867. Cardia beccabunga (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées:390 1869. Beccabunga vulgaris Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:128 1888. Veronica bacsensis Simonk. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 107 1921. Veronica baxteri House in Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 233-234:11 1930. Veronica bianoris Sennen in Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 85 Brooklime European speedwell Water speedwell Introduced Eurasia Moderately invasive 2n = 18, 36 62%Veronica beccabunga Moderate 62 MFL 2939 X VEBE XX 77225226-1 Veronica/beccabunga Veronica_beccabunga Brooklime (Veronica beccabunga) - geograph.org.uk - 1395570.jpg Veronica subg. Chamaedrys 20170331Veronica arvensis1.jpg Veronica arvensis Veronica subgenus Chamaedrys (W.D.J.Koch) M.M.Mart. Ort., Albach & M.A.Fisch (2004).Veronica subg. Chamaedrys (Hill) M.M. Martinéz-Ortega, Albach & M.A. Fischer in the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Accessed 14 Jan 2025.Albach, Dirk C., et al. “A New Classification of the Tribe Veroniceae: Problems and a Possible Solution.” Taxon, vol. 53, no. 2, 2004, pp. 429–52. JSTOR. Accessed 11 Jan. 2025. Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veroniceae Veronica Chamaedrys Veronica Speedwell 153 24 Chamaedrys Veronica arvensis L. 1753. Veronica arvensis L. in Sp. Pl.:13 1793. Veronica acinifolia F.W.Schmidt in Fl. Boëm. 1:31, nom. illeg. 1867. Cardia arvensis (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 388 1869. Agerella arvensis (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:129 Corn speedwell Wall speedwell Common speedwell Field speedwell Véronique des champs Introduced Potentially invasive Naturalized 6583 5 3172048 2949 X 55748-Veronica-arvensis 53 counties Observed in 53 New York State counties 3172048 present in NY present in New York State VEAR XX 7321 nymap.svg Corn Speedwell - Flickr - treegrow.jpg Veronica chamaedrys L. Germander speedwell Introduced Potentially invasive Naturalized 33854 3 7874883 2960 X VECH XX 7874883 Veronica chamaedrys NY-dist-map.png 20150509Veronica chamaedrys1.jpg Veronica verna L. Spring speedwell Introduced Naturalized 3172116 6841 X VEVE XX 3172116 nymap.svg 2 counties Lewis (1994) 20150418Veronica verna1.jpg Veronica dillenii Crantz Dillen's speedwell Introduced Not naturalized 3172053 2915 X VEDI2 X0 3172053 nymap.svg Veronica dillenii2.jpg Veronica subg. Cochlidiosperma Veronica hederifolia (7131281999).jpg Veronica hederifolia Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veroniceae Veronica Cochlidiosperma Veronica Speedwell 153 24 VERON 21 Cochlidiosperma Veronica hederifolia L. 1753 Veronica hederifolia L. 1839 Cochlidiosperma hederifolium (L.) Opiz 1869 Pocilla hederifolia (L.) Fourr. Ivy-leaved speedwell 2022 New York Flora Atlas Introduced Eurasia, northern Africa Potentially invasive Naturalized 10108 7 3172070 X Annual Herb-forb 2n=56 SNA, GNR 2.135537/Veronica_hederifolia Exotic 2922 X VEHE2 XX 3172070 812075-1 0000425778 Veronica/hederifolia 29200235 nymap.svg 8 counties 9 counties 20170402Veronica hederifolia3.jpg Veronica sublobata M.A.Fisch. 1830 Veronica hederifolia L. lucorum Klett & Richt. 1966 Veronica hederifolia L. lucorum (Klett & Richt.) Hartl 1967 Veronica sublobata M.A.Fisch. Pink ivy-leaved speedwell 2022 iNaturalist False ivy-leaved speedwell 2022 Integrated Taxonomic Information System - Report Introduced 3725447 812705-1 705439-Veronica-sublobata 834107 29200246 nymap.svg Not listed 8? counties Veronica sublobata-3.jpg Veronica subg. Pentasepalae Veronica teucrium RF.jpg Veronica teucrium Veronica subg. Pentasepalae (Benth.) M. M. Mart. Ort., Albach & M. A. Fisch. is the largest subgenus of Veronica in the Northern Hemisphere, with approximately 70 to 80 species, mainly from Southwest Asia,Doostmohammadi, M.; Bordbar, F.; Albach, D.C.; Mirtadzadini, M. Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Veronica Subgenus Pentasepalae (Plantaginaceae): Evidence for Its Origin and Subsequent Dispersal. Biology 2022, 11, 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11050639 where his subgenus comprises the majority of perennial Veronica species.Dirk C. Albach and Mohammad Al-Gharaibeh "Systematics and biogeography of Veronica subg. Pentasepalae from the Levant," Willdenowia 45(1), 5-14, (16 February 2015). Most sources (FNA, POWO, FSUS, COL, VASCAN, etc. as of Jan. 2025) treat Veronica teucrium as the accepted species name for this plant, though a few, including the New York Flora Atlas treat it as Veronica austriaca ssp. teucrium. There are a few "research-grade" iNaturalist observations of Veronica umbrosa M.Bieb. made in New York State. POWO and it's followers list Veronica umbrosa as a synonym of Veronica peduncularis, but POWO states that Veronica umbrosa was accepted following an "alternative taxonomy" by Albach, D.C. (2018). Personal Communication on Veronica 1 Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg.Veronica umbrosa in POWO (2025). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 09 January 2025. Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veroniceae Veronica Pentasepalae Veronica Speedwell 153 24 Pentasepalae Veronica teucrium L. 1753. Veronica latifolia L. in Sp. Pl.:13 1762. Veronica teucrium L. in Sp. Pl., ed.2.:16 1773. Veronica pseudochamaedrys Jacq. in Fl. Austriac.1:37 1796. Veronica florida Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, nom. illeg. 1806. Veronica latifolia var. minor Schrad. in Fl. Germ.:36 1827. Veronica teucrium var. minor (Schrad.) Wimm. & Grab. in Fl.Siles., not validly publ. 1852. Veronicastrum latifolium var. latifolium (Schrad.) Opiz in Seznam: 103 1972. Veronica austriaca ssp. teucrium (L.) D.A.Webb in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65:267 1983. Veronica austriaca var. teucrium (L.) O.Bolòs & Vigo in Collect.Bot., nom. superfl. 1993. Veronica austriaca ssp. pseudochamaedrys (Jacq.) Kerguélen in Coll. Patrim. Nat. Broad-leaved speedwell Broadleaf speedwell Large speedwell Introduced Eurasia Unknown naturalization Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 48, 64 SNA, G5 2950 14 counties Veronica austriaca L. ssp. teucrium specimens from 14 NY counties 1047389-Veronica-teucrium 3 counties Research-Grade observations of Veronica teucrium in 2 NY counties 3725062 present in NY present in New York State VEAUT XX 5B7FG 812745-1 0000425131 5240 17987 veronica/austriaca 80334 Veronica_teucrium nymap.svg Veronica austriaca ssp teucrium 1.jpg Veronica umbrosa M.Bieb. 1798. Veronica peduncularis M.Bieb. in Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp.:111 (‽‽‽) 1799. Veronica pedunculata M.Bieb. in J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799, orth. var. 1808. Veronica umbrosa M.Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas.1:11 1820. Veronica nemorum Pall. ex Link in Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3):42 1844. Veronica nigricans K.Koch in Linnaea 17:288 1844. Veronica secundiflora K.Koch in Linnaea 17:288 1847. Veronica chamaedrys var. peduncularis (M.Bieb.) Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 3:243 1849. Veronica phoenicantha K.Koch in Linnaea 22:690 1866. Veronica drymeja Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.:495 1879. Veronica benthamii K.Koch ex Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4:439, not validly publ. 1879. Veronica peduncularis var. umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4:440 Creeping Speedwell Introduced Eurasia Cultivated 859269-Veronica-umbrosa 3 counties Erie, Kings, Queens (as Veronica umbrosa) 3724609 none listed 5B76V 812791-1 0000426073 nymap.svg Veronica umbrosa 30955414 (2x3).jpg Veronica peduncularis M.Bieb. 1798. Veronica peduncularis M.Bieb. in Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp.:111 1799. Veronica pedunculata M.Bieb. in J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799, orth. var. 1808. Veronica umbrosa M.Bieb. in Fl. Taur.-Caucas.1:11 (‽‽‽) 1820. Veronica nemorum Pall. ex Link in Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3):42 1844. Veronica nigricans K.Koch in Linnaea 17:288 1844. Veronica secundiflora K.Koch in Linnaea 17:288 1847. Veronica chamaedrys var. peduncularis (M.Bieb.) Ledeb. in Fl. Ross. 3:243 1849. Veronica phoenicantha K.Koch in Linnaea 22:690 1866. Veronica drymeja Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.:495 1879. Veronica benthamii K.Koch ex Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4:439, not validly publ. 1879. Veronica peduncularis var. umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Boiss. in Fl. Orient. 4:440 Creeping Blue Speedwell Introduced Eurasia Cultivated 738838-Veronica-peduncularis Bronx (cultivated) Bronx (cultivated) 7929556 Bronx (1935, 1939) Cultivated plants at New York Botanical Garden, Bronx (1935, 1939) 5B76V 812454-1 0000426073 nymap.svg Veronica peduncularis 104230635.jpg Veronica macrostachya Vahl 1804. Veronica macrostachya Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1:71 1856. Veronica aleppica Boiss. in Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3:169 Large-spike speedwell Scalloped-leaf speedwell ורוניקה ארוכת-שיבולת Вероника крупноколосая Introduced Lebanon-Syria Palestine, Turkey Cultivated 899866-Veronica-macrostachya Onondaga (cultiv.) Onondaga (cultivated 2024) 7332119 not present in NY not present in New York State 812267-1 nymap.svg Veronica macrostachya iNat-190196973 (2x3).jpg Veronica subg. Pocilla 20150408Veronica persica1.jpg Veronica persica The species of Veronica subgenus Pocilla (Dumort.) M.M.Mart. Ort., Albach & M.A.Fisch. that are found in New York State are all in the subsection Agrestes Benth. Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veroniceae Veronica Pocilla Veronica Speedwell 153 24 Pocilla Veronica persica Poir. 1805. Veronica tournefortii C.C.Gmel. in Fl. Bad. 1:39, nom. illeg. 1808. Veronica persica Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 8:542 1811. Veronica buxbaumii Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1:7, t.1, nom. illeg. 1815. Veronica filiformis DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl.Franç. 1823. Veronica hospita Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 332 1931. Veronica persica var. aschersoniana (E.B.J.Lehm.) Drabble & J.E.Little in J.Bot. 1832. Veronica precox Raf. in Atlantic J. 1: 79 1867. Cardia filiformis Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 389 1869. Pocilla persica (Poir.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:129 Bird's-eye speedwell Persian speedwell Large field speedwell Introduced Iran, Caucasus Weedy worldwide Annual Herb-forb 2n = 28 SNA, GNR 2980 24 counties 24 New York State counties 55666-Veronica-persica ~50 counties Observed in about 50 New York State counties present in NY present in New York State VEPE3 XX 30198355-2 Veronica/persica Veronica_persica 20130604Veronica persica3.jpg Veronica polita polita Fries 1811. Veronica didyma Ten. in Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.):VI 1819. Veronica polita Fr. in Novit. Fl.Svec.:63, nom. cons. 1823. Veronica agrestis var. carnosula Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl.Fl. 1824. Veronica agrestis var. polita (Fr.) Wahlenb. in Fl. Suecica 1:11 1834. Veronica agrestis ssp. polita (Fr.) Schübl. & G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 12 1867. Cardia didyma (Ten.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 388 1869. Pocilla polita (Fr.) Fourr. in Ann.Soc.Linn.Lyon, n.s. 1882. Veronica agrestis var. didyma (Ten.) Pomata in Anales Soc.Esp.Hist.Nat. 1912. Veronica thellungiana (E.Lehm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. in Fl. Tirol 6(3): 272 Wayside speedwell Gray speedwell Grey field speedwell Véronique luisante Véronique à feuilles luisantes Introduced Europe to Central Asia Western Himalayas Canary Islands to N. Somalia Naturalized Annual Herb-forb 2n = 14 (Eurasia) 2981 7 counties Collected from 7 New York State counties 68848-Veronica-polita 25 counties Observed in ~25 New York State counties present in NY present in New York State VEPO XX 812496-1 5236 7338 Veronica/polita Veronica_polita nymap.svg Veronica polita sl7.jpg Veronica filiformis Sm. 1791. Veronica filiformis Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 1:195 1853. Veronica sibthorpiifolia Chaub. in Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 19:233 Slender speedwell Introduced Naturalized Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 14 (Europe). 2916 7 counties 55825-Veronica-filiformis 33 counties present in NY present in New York State VEFI XX Veronica/filiformis Veronica_filiformis Veronica filiformis20.jpg Veronica agrestis L. 1753. Veronica agrestis L. in Sp. Pl.:13 1867. Cardia agrestis (L.) Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 388 1902. Veronica polita var. agrestis (L.) Vayr. in Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30: 557 Field speedwell Green field speedwell Véronique agreste Introduced Macaronesia Europe to Medit. Unknown naturalization Annual Herb-forb 2n = 28 SNA, GNR 2910 7 counties Collected from 7 New York State counties 56626-Veronica-agrestis No NY obs. No observations in New York State present in NY present in New York State VEAG XX 326368-2 5222 Veronica/agrestis Veronica_agrestis nymap.svg Green Field-speedwell (Veronica agrestis) X (3356936648).jpg Veronica biloba L. Pocilla biloba (L.) W.A. Weber Two-lobe speedwell Introduced NY excluded X 541 EXCLUDED 170186-Veronica-biloba Western US No observations in eastern North America present in NY present in New York State VEBI2 XX Veronica_biloba Excluded nymap.svg Veronica biloba-5-24-05.jpg Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium Lamiales Plantaginaceae Veroniceae Veronica Pseudolysimachium Veronica Speedwell 153 24 Pseudolysimachion Veronica longifolia L. 1753 Veronica longifolia L. 1852 Pseudolysimachion longifolium (L.) Opiz Longleaf speedwell Long-leaf speedwell Long-leaved speedwell Garden speedwell Introduced Eurasia native 2919 X PSLO6 XX Veronica/longifolia 33404 80277 nymap.svg Veronica-longifolia.jpg Veronica spicata L. 1753 Veronica spicata L. 1769 Veronica orchidea Crantz 1817 Veronica barrelieri Schult. 1852 Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz 1950 Veronica hololeuca Juz. Spike speedwell Introduced 2976 X VESP80 XX Veronica/spicata 80332 nymap.svg Veronica spicata sl1.jpg Veronica bachofenii Heuff. 1821 Veronica grandis Fisch. ex Spreng. misapplied 1835 Veronica bachofenii Heuff. 1967 Pseudolysimachion bachofenii Heartleaf speedwell Heart-leaved speedwell Introduced eastern Europe Impersistent Not naturalized 2918 X VEGR3 XX Veronica/bachofenii 505671 80214 nymap.svg Tribe Plantagineae Littorella Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantagineae Littorella Littorella Shore grass 430 1 Littorella americana Fernald 1753 Plantago uniflora L. 1859 Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. 1918 Littorella americana Fernald 1952 Littorella uniflora americana Gleason 1996 Plantago americana Rahn American shore-grass American shore plantain American shore weed Native Endangered No recent reports 10 OBL Perennial Herb-forb SH, G5 2099 1 Native, endangered, especially vulnerable in New York State. LIUN NN Extreme northeastern US & Eastern Canada 17952 littorella/americana 32924 417603 25200146 684810-1 Littorella+uniflora Littorella%20americana USDA-ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) treats Littorella as a subgenus of Plantago and Littorella uniflora as a synonym of Plantago uniflora. It also considers this species to be a European native, referencing Aldén, Ryman & Hjertson (2009). nymap.svg Littorella americana BB-1913.png Plantago Plantago subg. Plantago Plantago rugelii (4496564189).jpg Plantago rugeliiblack-seeded plantain Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantagineae Plantago Plantago Plantago Plantago Plantain 281 14 Plantago rugelii Decne. Rugel’s plantain 2019 New York Flora Atlas Blackseed plantain 2019 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Black-seeded plantain American plantain 2019 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System Black-seeded plantain Native Secure 2095 5 Native, Demonstrably secure in New York State. Fields, pastures, lawns, roadsides, and disturbed soils. PLRU NX Plantago/rugelii 167010-Plantago-rugelii nymap.svg Plantago rugelii iNat-42363761.jpg Plantago virginica L. Virginia plantain Pale-seeded plantain Hoary plantain Native Secure 6938 5 Native, Demonstrably secure in New York State. PLVI NX Native to US lower 48, introduced in Ontario Plantago/virginica Plantago virginica BB-1913.png Plantago cordata Lam. 1792 Plantago cordata Lam. Heart-leaved plantain Heartleaf plantain Kingroot Native Rare OBL Perennial Herb-forb 2098 3 Fresh tidal marshes and bays off of the Hudson River from just below to a little above high tide. Also along non tidal streams. PLCO2 NN DEC-CDECC Plantago/cordata 316191 Plantago cordata NRCS-002 4x3.jpg Plantago pusilla Nutt. Dwarf plantain Introduced N. America native PLPU N0 Native to US lower 48, not Canada Plantago/pusilla Plantago pusilla BB-1913.png Plantago heterophylla Nutt. Slender plantain Introduced N. America native 6936 X PLHE2 N0 Plantago/heterophylla nymap.svg Plantago heterophylla drawing 1.png Plantago major L. Common plantain Nipple-seeded plantain Introduced 2097 X PLMA2 XX Plantago/major nymap.svg Plantago major 005.JPG Plantago media L. Lamb's tongue plantain 2019 New York Flora Atlas Hoary plantain 2019 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team, 2019 Native Plant Trust (Go Botany), 2019 VASCAN: Darbyshire et al., 2000. Plantain moyen 2019 VASCAN: Darbyshire et al., 2000 Plantain bâtard 2019 VASCAN: Marie-Victorin, 1995 Introduced Eurasia 2100 X PLME XX Plantago/media 400112 25200028 nymap.svg Kwiatostan babki sredniej podlasie.jpg Plantago Plantago Plantain 281 X (excluded taxa) Plantago eriopoda Torr. Redwool plantain Introduced Excluded X 775 PLER NN Plantago/eriopoda 2016.05.28 10.53.19 IMG 6069 - Flickr - andrey zharkikh.jpg Plantago subg. Coronopus Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantagineae Plantago Coronopus Plantago Plantain 281 14 Coronopus Plantago maritima L. juncoides Plantago juncoides Lam. Plantago maritima borealis Plantago oliganthos Seaside plantain Native Threatened 2094 2-3 PLMAJ NN Plantago maritima.jpg Plantago coronopus L. Buckhorn plantain Introduced Rare 6934 X none PLCO3 XX 9385 Plantago coronopus.JPG Plantago subg. Psyllium s.l This subgenus combines subg. Psyllium s.s and subg. Albicans, which have been found to be polyphyletic when treated separately. Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantagineae Plantago Psyllium s.l Plantago Plantain 281 14 Psyllium Plantago aristata Michx. Largebracted plantain Rat-tail plantain Western ripplegrass Introduced N. America native 6933 X PLAR3 NX Plantago aristata NPS-1.jpg Plantago patagonica Jacq. Woolly plantain Introduced N. America native 2096 X PLPA2 NN nymap.svg Plantago patagonica 4.jpg Plantago lanceolata L. English plantain Narrowleaf plantain Narrow-leaved plantain Introduced 6937 X PLLA XX plantago/lanceolata nymap.svg Plantago lanceolata in Bupyung, Korea.JPG Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. 1753 Plantago psyllium L., nom. utique rej. 1759 Plantago indica L., nom. utique rej. 1794 Plantago scabra Moench 1801 Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Flaxseed plantain 2019 New York Flora Atlas Sand plantain 2019 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Introduced 2092 X PLPS XX 316476 nymap.svg Plantago arenaria, Flora Batava, V16.jpg Family Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae (figwort Family) ...ScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaceae Tribe Scrophularieae The tribe Scrophularieae Dumort contains six genera with about 530–750 species worldwide, two genera of which (Scrophularia and Verbascum are found in New York State.Villaverde, T., Larridon, I., Shah, T., Fowler, R.M., Chau, J.H., Olmstead, R.G. and Sanmartín, I. (2023), Phylogenomics sheds new light on the drivers behind a long-lasting systematic riddle: the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. New Phytol, 240: 1601-1615. Scrophularia Scrophularia lanceolata 15-p.bot-scro.lanceola-01.jpg Scrophularia lanceolata The genus Scrophularia (figwort) has about five species found in the wild in New York State.Scrophularia in Plants of the World Online. Accessed 11 Jan. 2025. {{small/to[p1753. Scrophularia Tourn. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 619 1834. Ceramanthe (Rchb.) Dumort. in Not. Scroph.:7 1869. Tomiephyllum Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:125 1869. Venilia Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17:125 1884. Oreosolen Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 4:318 1912. Tuerckheimocharis Urb. in Symb. Antill. 7:373 1992. Scrophucephalus A.P.Khokhr. in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. (1993) }} Lamiales Scrophulariaceae Scrophularieae Scrophularia Scrophularia Figwort 610 4 Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh 1813 Hare figwort Lanceleaf figwort American figwort Native Secure 2909 5 Demonstrably secure in New York State. SCLA NN Transcontinental Scrophularia/lanceolata 34036 316820 Scrophularia lanceolata 15-p.bot-scro.lanceola-22.jpg Scrophularia marilandica L. 1753 Carpenter's square Figwort Eastern figwort Maryland figwort Native Likely secure 6835 4 SCMA2 NN Scrophularia/marilandica 34037 316821 nymap.svg Scrophularia marilandica - Eastern Figwort.jpg Scrophularia nodosa L. 1753 Woodland figwort Common figwort Figwort Introduced Eurasia native 2957 X SCNO2 NX 34039 33421 nymap.svg Scrophularia nodosa 01.jpg Scrophularia auriculata L. 1753 S. aquatica auct. Shoreline figwort Water betony Water figwort Introduced Impersistent 2958 Xm Not Persisting, State exotic or non-native SCAU7 X0 NY only 507163 408145 'Scrophularia auriculata' ~ Water Figwort or Water Betony at Shipley, West Sussex, England.JPG Scrophularia canina L. French figwort Introduced Not naturalized 7513 New York (1880) Collected from New York County (1880) 82954-Scrophularia-canina No New World obs. No western hemisphere iNat observations present in NY present in New York State nymap.svg Scrophularia canina kz07.jpg Verbascum Lamiales Scrophulariaceae Scrophularieae Verbascum Verbascum Mullein 356 7 VERBA n Verbascum blattaria L. 1753 Verbascum blattaria L. Moth mullein White moth mullein Introduced Eurasia native N. Africa native 2914 X VEBL XX Verbascum/blattaria 33389 102317 nymap.svg გულსოსანა Verbascum blattaria Moth Mullein.jpg Verbascum thapsus L. 1753 1753 Verbascum thapsus L. Common mullein Great mullein Molène Bouillon blanc Introduced 2921 X VETH XX Verbascum/thapsus nymap.svg Verbascum thapsus 1901.jpg Verbascum lychnitis L. 1753 Verbascum lychnitis L. White mullein Introduced Eurasia native 2913 X VELY XX 33390 41148 nymap.svg Verbascum lychnitis vallee-de-grace-amiens 80 21072007 5.jpg Verbascum × spurium K.Koch Verbascum lychnitis Verbascum thapsus 1837 Verbascum spurium K.Koch Mullein Introduced 2963 X VESP2 X0 New York only 41150 nymap.svg Verbascum lychnitis beauvais-sables-bracheux 60 20062008 5.jpg Verbascum phlomoides L. 1753 1753 Verbascum phlomoides L. Orange mullein Clasping-leaved mullein Introduced Eurasia native 2920 X VEPH XX 33391 102312 nymap.svg Verbascum phlomoides flower.jpg Verbascum phoeniceum L. 1753 Verbascum phoeniceum L. 1753 Verbascum phoenicium L. Purple mullein Introduced Eurasia native 6836 X VEPH2 X0 505652 41147 nymap.svg Verbascum phoeniceum J1.JPG Verbascum sinuatum L. 1753 Verbascum sinuatum L. Wavyleaf mullein Wavy-leaved mullein Black-leaved mullein Scallop-leaved mullein Introduced 6837 X no specimens VESI2 X0 NY, PA, NJ, MD only EOL 505654 nymap.svg Verbascum sinuatum habitusCampoCalatrava.jpg Tribe Limoselleae Limosella Limosella australis iNat-74310992.jpg Limosella australis Lamiales Scrophulariaceae Limoselleae Limosella Limosella Mudwort 359 1 Limosella australis R. Br. Brown, Robert Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae 443. 1810. 1804 Limosella tenuifolia J.P.Wolff 1806 Limosella aquatica L. tenuifolia (J.P.Wolff) Pers. 1810 Limosella australis R.Br. 1817 Limosella subulata E.Ives 1905 Limosella aquatica L. tenuifolia (J.P.Wolff) Hook.f. Atlantic mudwort 2021 New York Flora Atlas Welsh mudwort Delta Mudwort 2021 iNaturalist Limosella à feuilles subulées 2020 Flora of North America Native Rare Vulnerable 10 OBL Annual Herb-forb S2, G4-5 2929 3 native, vulnerable LIAU6 NN Native to Eastern US & Canada 60248-Limosella-australis 503467 Limosella_australis 29200060 Limosella australis iNat-73957056 (cropped).jpg Tribe Buddlejeae Buddleja Atlas roslin pl Budleja Davida 10617 9524.jpg Buddleja davidii One species of Butterfly bush, Buddleja davidii has escaped cultivation and become invasive in New York State. It has been widely planted to attract butterflies and birds, but it has been found to be invasive in many temperate locations outside of its native range in China. Butterfly-bush should not be confused with butterfly-weed (Asclepias tuberosa), which is a native milkweed. Lamiales Scrophulariaceae Buddlejeae Buddleja Buddleja Butterflybush 788 1 Buddleja davidii Franch. 1888 Buddleja davidii Franch. Orange-eyed butterfly-bush Orange-eye butterfly-bush Orange eye butterflybush Butterfly bush Orange eye Summer lilac Arbre aux papillons Lilas d'été Introduced China Invasive FACU Perennial Shrub 45%Buddleja davidii Low 45 first 648 X BUDA2 XX buddleja/davidii 8081 BuddlejaDavidiiIreland.JPG