Messier Index/M109

Messier 109 Kaufmann D.E. Contopoulos, G. 1996 May Self-consistent models of barred spiral galaxies Astronomy & Astrophysics 309 381–402 EDP Sciences 0004-6361 http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?db_key=AST&bibcode=1996A%26A...309..381K&letter=.&classic=YES&defaultprint=YES&whole_paper=YES&page=381&epage=381&send=Send+PDF&filetype=.pdf PDF 250px Barred spiral galaxy M109 w:J2000 w:Ursa Major 11 57 36.0NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Results for M 109 http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/ 2006-10-10 +53 22 28 10.6 SB(rs)bc, w:LINER/HII NGC 3992, MCG +09-20-044, PGC 037617, IRAS 11549+5339, UGC 6937 Messier 109 (also known as NGC 3992) is a w:barred spiral galaxy approximately 46 million w:light-years away in the w:constellation w:Ursa Major. M109 can be seen southeast of the star Phecda (γ UMa). History Messier 109 was discovered by w:Pierre Méchain in w:1781. In w:1783 w:Charles Messier catalogued NGC 3992 as his 109th object. Between the 1920s through the 1950s, it was considered that Messier objects over 103 were not official, but in later years the additions became more widely accepted. w:David H. Levy mentions the modern 110 object catalog while w:Sir Patrick Moore gave the original to 104 but has M105-M109 listed as an addendum. By the late 1970s all 110 objects are commonly used among astronomers as they still are today. General information In March of w:1956, w:supernova 1956A was observed in M109. SN 1956A was a type Ia w:supernova in the southeast part of the galaxy, glowing at magnitude 12.8 to 12.3 at its maximum. SN 1956A was the only supernova observed in M109 since its discovery. M109 has three w:satellite galaxies (w:UGC 6923, w:UGC 6940 and w:UGC 6969) and possibly might have more. Detailed w:hydrogen line observations have been obtained from M109 and its satellites. M109's H I distribution is regular with a low level radial extension outside the stellar disc, while at exactly the region of the bar, there is a central H I hole in the gas distribution. Possibly the gas has been transported inwards by the bar because of the emptiness of the hole no large accretion events can have happened in the recent past.http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0204335 Dark and luminous matter in the NGC 3992 group of galaxies Roelof Bottema Astrophysics 2002 19 April 2002 Environment M109 is the brightest galaxy in the w:M109 Group, a large w:group of galaxies located in the w:constellation Ursa Major that may contain over 50 galaxies.R. B. Tully 1988 Nearby Galaxies Catalog Cambridge University Press Cambridge 0-521-35299-1P. Fouque, E. Gourgoulhon, P. Chamaraux, G. Paturel Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II - The catalogue of groups and group members Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 1992 93 211–233 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992A&AS...93..211FA. Garcia General study of group membership. II - Determination of nearby groups Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 1993 100 47–90 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993A&AS..100...47GG. Giuricin, C. Marinoni, L. Ceriani, A. Pisani Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups Astrophysical Journal 2000 543 178–194 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJ...543..178G 10.1086/317070 External links http://messier.seds.org/m/m109.html Messier 109 SEDS 11 August 2005 http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0204335 Dark and luminous matter in the NGC 3992 group of galaxies Astrophysics 19 April 2002 http://www.edpsciences-usa.org/articles/aa/abs/2002/24/aah3039/aah3039.html Dark and luminous matter in the NGC 3992 group of galaxies ESO 8 April 2002 M109 References