Persian/Lesson 9

In this lesson, you will learn how to create and use plurals of nouns in Persian. Dialogue: ... ... ... and... are talking.... ... X ... ... ... ... Y ... ... ... |- | colspan=4 | |} Explanation ... and .... Vocabulary درس9 امروز – vandaag (today) د يروز – gisteren (yesterday) د بستان – basisschool بودن – zijn (be) آمدن – komen (come) اسم – naam (name) باريد ن – regenen,sneeuwen من – ik (I) نام – naam نادر – Nader (jongensnaam) (boys name) كتاب – boek (book) امين – Amin (jongensnaam) (boys name) پس دادن – teruggeven پس داد – hij geeft, zij geeft امروز باران باريد – vandaag regent het (today it rains) من از دبستان آمدم - ik kom uit school (I come from school) من از د بستان تند آمدم – ik kom snel uit school (I come fast from school) Plural nouns کتاب‌ها ketâbhâ کتاب‌ ketâb ‌ها hâ The usual way to make a plural in Persian is to add the suffix ها ha to the noun. The suffix is typically written immediately after the noun with with a ZWNJ. Colloquially, ها is pronounced ‹â›. Many words have an alternative plural form that may be used instead of the colloquial Persian form. For example, animate nouns (those that denote humans or things with human-like characteristics) and nouns that denote paired body parts (e.g. eyes, ears, and hands) have an alternative plural form made with the suffix ان ân: پسر pesar boy + ان -an -s چشم cešm eye + ان -an -s Many Arabic words have different plural forms that may be used in Persian. Some are created by adding suffixes: باغ bâgh garden + ت -at = باغات bâghat gardens معلّم mo’allem teacher + ین -in = معلّمین mo’allemin teachers Others are called “broken plurals”: كِتاب ketâb book, كُتُب kotob books, کتاب وَقْت vaqt time, اوقات owqat times طَرَف side, direction, اَطْراف sides, directions شَخْس person, اَشْخاس persons مُقَدَّمِه preliminary, مُقّدَّمات preliminaries عِلم science, عُلوم sciences وَزير minister, وُزَراء ministers (govt.) لغت word, لُغات words شاعِر poet, شُعَرا poets عَرَب Arab, اَعْراب Arabs این کتاب‌ها these books این in this, these کتاب ketâb book ها -hâ -s To pluralize a noun phrase, only the main noun is changed. Adjectives and demonstrative adjectives are not, as shown on the right. Numbers twenty-one (21) بیست و یک بیست bist twenty و o and یک yek one After 20, Persian numbers use و o and between digit, as shown in the example on the right. three thousand four hundred fifty-six (3,456) Exercises Plurals | Translate the following phrases into Persian. |- |the books کتاب‌ها ketâbhâ those girls Using the colloquial Persian plural, آن دخترها ân doxtarhâ those girls, those daughters Bonus points: The alternative, higher-register plural آن دختران ân doxtarân |} Persian/Lesson 10 Lesson 10 ( ۱۰ ), Direct objects and prepositions