Spanish/Lessons/¿Qué hora es?

80px|left|Geometríaright|70px Lesson 7 — ¿Qué hora es? right|200px|thumb|Aconcagua mountain in the Argentinian Andes. __FORCETOC__ Dialogue Raúl: ¡Hola Sofía! ¿Qué hora es? Sofía: Son las nueve menos diez en la mañana. Vocabulary Luego Then, after Salgo I leave Raúl: Gracias. ¿Qué haces normalmente por la mañana? Sofía: Me levanto a las siete. Luego, me ducho y desayuno. Normalmente salgo a las ocho. Raúl: Ah, vale. Entonces, ¿cuándo almuerzas? Sofía: Suelo almorzar a la una. Raúl: Claro. ¡Adiós! Sofía: ¡Hasta luego! Translation (wait until the end of the lesson). Telling the time Telling the time is easy in Spanish, and very similar to English. You use this construction: Son las [hours] y [minutes] So, Son las tres y veinte would mean "It's twenty past three". To ask the time, you just use the question ¿Qué hora es? (literally: "What hour is it?"). However, this only works for times up to half-past the hour. But how do you say "It's twenty to three"? For this, you have to use menos (meaning "less") instead of y. Then, son las cuatro menos diez means "it's ten to four"; you can also use para instead menos, using the same order you use in English. Other typical time-telling phrases are depicted in the table below. Inglés Español a.m. de la mañana p.m. de la tarde It's half-past [hour] Son las [hour] y media It's quarter-past [hour] Son las [hour] y cuarto It's quarter-to [hour] Son las [hour] menos cuarto/es un cuarto para las [hour] Notes If there aren't any minutes, just say son las cinco ("It's 5 o'clock") or son las once ("It's 11 o'clock"). If you want, you can also say en punto to mean "o'clock". Remember: son means "they are", so son las... only works for numbers greater than one. To say "it's one o'clock", you have to say Es la una (or es la una en punto). Examples Son las ocho It's 8 o'clock Son las nueve y media It's half-past nine Son las seis menos cuarto/es un cuarto para las seis It's quarter-to six Son las dos y veinte de la mañana It's 2:20 a.m. Go to the exercises. When? So, you now know how to tell the time in Spanish. Now let's use it to describe when something happens. To do this, you use a las followed by the time as described above (a las tres means "at 3 o'clock"). But what if you don't know a specific time? What about just "In the evening"? Just use por la, followed by one of the entries in the table (por la noche means "at night"): Inglés Español Morning Mañana Afternoon Tarde Evening Noche Night Notes Since these times-of-day are all feminine, "por la" is the prepositional phrase used with them. Examples A las ocho de la mañana, tomo mi desayuno. At 8:00am, I eat breakfast. Por la tarde, le gusta ver la tele. In the evening, he likes watching TV. Por la noche, les gusta mucho beber leche. At night, they love drinking milk. Time-related Adverbs It's all very well knowing how to say that you do things at a particular time, but what about more habitual actions? What do you do usually? Normally? Sometimes? Inglés Español Usually Normalmente Often A menudo Sometimes A veces Occasionally De vez en cuando Occasionalmente Rarely Raramente To use to Soler Notes You should notice that all the words ending in "ly" in English end in mente in Spanish. To turn an adjective into an adverb: take the feminine form of the adjective, then add mente. Thus, normal, raro, ocasional and usual are all adjectives. Also, ruidosamente, tranquilamente, etc., are adverbs (you met tranquilo and ruidoso in lesson 4...) Soler is a UE stem-changing verb (suelo, sueles, suele, solemos, soléis, suelen), and it is followed by the infinitive (Suelo comer queso con pan, meaning "I usually eat cheese with bread"). Examples A veces bebemos vino tinto, pero nunca vino blanco. Sometimes, we drink red wine, but never white wine. Suelo vivir en pisos; vivir en una casa es muy difícil. I usually live in flats; living in a house is really difficult. De vez en cuando juego al ajedrez, pero normalmente practico judo. Sometimes I play chess, but usually I do judo. Go to the exercises. Reflexive verbs Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject and object are the same. "To wash oneself" or "to get oneself up". In Spanish, we do this by using a reflexive pronoun before the verb. We've already met these reflexive pronouns, along with a reflexive verb in the first lesson: llamarse ("to call oneself"). So, here are the reflexive pronouns: Inglés Español Myself Me Yourself Te Himself/Herself/Itself Se Ourselves Nos Yourselves Os Themselves Se So, here is an example, using the verb lavarse ("to wash oneself"): Inglés Español I wash myself Me lavo You wash yourself Te lavas He/she/it washes himself/herself/itself Se lava We wash ourselves Nos lavamos You wash yourselves Os laváis They wash themselves Se lavan So, now that you know how to conjugate them, it'd be useful to give you some examples: Inglés Español To get (oneself) up Levantarse To shower (oneself) Ducharse To bathe (oneself) Bañarse To comb one's hair Peinarse To put one's make-up on Maquillarse To shave Afeitarse To relax (oneself) Relajarse Notes These are very similar to the indirect object pronouns used with gustar. Make sure you don't get them mixed up. When in the infinitive, the reflexive pronoun goes on the end of the verb as a suffix. For example, me gusta ducharme means "I like showering". Examples Por la mañana, me maquillo y me peino. In the morning, I put my make-up on and comb my hair. ¿Cuándo te bañas? When do you bathe? A las ocho de la mañana, nos levantamos. At 8am, we get up. Nunca nos bañamos por la mañana; nos gusta ducharnos. We never have a bath in the morning; we like to have a shower. Me encanta bañarme por la noche - es muy tranquilo. I love having a bath in the evening - it's very quiet. A veces se ducha por la mañana, pero normalmente le gusta bañarse por la tarde. Sometimes, he has a shower in the morning, but usually he likes to have a bath in the afternoon. A las nueve de la tarde me gusta relajarme. Normalmente bebo vino. At 9pm I like to relax. Usually, I drink wine. Go to the exercises. Summary In this lesson, you have learnt How to ask for the time (¿Qué hora es?) How to tell the time (Son las cuatro y media; es la una menos cuarto) How to say the times of the day (por la mañana; tarde; a las tres y diez) Various adverbs (ocasionalmente; normalmente; de vez en cuando; a menudo) How to use reflexive verbs (me baño; te relajas; se ducha; nos lavamos; os lavantáis; se maquillan) You should now do the exercise related to each section (found here), and translate the dialogue at the top before moving on to lesson 8...