Quenya/Numerals

Numbers 0 to 10 Quenya from 1 - 10ðñòóôõö÷øùðñt&4# - aUt5#t%5`C1;E5$m$aD4#j$r$`Vv$`N1Y+1Ym^5$61RzlD5 - zR`C5012345678910cumna, munta Not words for zero, but can be used for zero: cumna "empty", munta "nothing".minattaneldëcantalempëenquëotsotoldonertëquain, quëan 11 to 19 The numbers 11 to 19 follow the pattern of using the stem form of the numeral with the suffix –quë. There also exists other names for several of these numbers resulting from Tolkien's experimentation of the numeral system: Quenya from 11 - 19ññòñóñôñõñöñ÷ñøñùñt%v$hÍUv$5$jzFaD5#zRj$qRv$`V5$v$`N1YzR1Yj^zR5$1R6zR111213141516171819minquëyunquënelquëcanaquëlepenquëenenquëotoquëtoloquëneterquë Alternate Quenya names from 12 - 16127D81Erasta hÍUv$ yunquë is used for counting, 7D81E rasta for "Dozen", possibly Duodecimal in origin.13zlD5$jquainel5$j$zFnelequëhÍUv$4# yunquenta From hÍUv$ yunquë + `V4# enta "another, one more"; "Twelve and one more".14zlDaD5quaicanaDv$canquë15zlDj$qR5quailepen16zlDv$quainquë 20 to 100 Note: 20 and onwards From here, the following numbers are conjectured constructions of what these numbers would be based on the material we know, and are not attested.These are based on the earlier stages of Quenya, going back to Qenya, and our knowledge of Quenya word construction. The multiples of 10, from 20 to 90, are constructed with either the suffixes –quëan, –quain, or "Qenya" –cain from alD5$5 cainen: Numerals Quenya: -quain Quenya: -quëan "Qenya": -cainðñ10zlD5quainzR`C5quëanalD5$5cainenðò20hÍ~MzlD5yúquainhÍ~MzR`C5yúquëanhÍ~MalD5yúcainðó305$jzlD5nelquain5$jzR`C5nelquëan5$jalD5nelcainðô40aD5#zlD5canaquainaD5#zR`C5canaquëanaD5#alD5canacainðõ50j$qRvlD5lepenquainj$qRv$`C5lepenquëanj$qRflD5lepencainðö60`V5$vlD5enenquain`V5$v$`C5enenquëan`V5$flD5enencainð÷70`N1YzlD5otoquain`N1YzR`C5otoquëan`N1YalD5otocainðø801Yj^zlD5toloquain1Yj^zR`C5toloquëan1Yj^alD5tolocainðù905$1R6zlD5neterquain5$1R6zR`C5neterquëan5$1R6alD5netercainððñ1001Ua|Dtuxa9C7D5Ì$haranyë Possible known word for 100 from the Númenorean calendar. Meaning uncertain whether it's the word for century, or the last year of a century. To make a number between the multiples of 10, the units are written first, then the tens (Similar to German and Dutch Numerals): Tengwar Quenyaôõ aD4# j$qRvlD5 54 canta lepenquain The numbers between 100 and 200 can be made in the same fashion: Tengwar Quenyaðôñ aD5#zlD5 1Ua|D 140 canaquain tuxaò÷ñ `C1;D `N1YzlD5 1Ua|D 172 atta otoquain tuxa Just as for 12, the numbers 110 and 120 can be written in two different ways: Numerals Quenya Alt. Quenyaðññ 110 zlD5 1Ua|D quain tuxa t%5%zlD5 miniquainðòñ 120 hÍ~MzlD5 1Ua|D yúquain tuxa hÍ~M5$vlD5 yúnenquain 100 to 1,000 To write the numbers 200 to 900 we use the same prefixes as the multiples of 10, but this time with the suffix –tuxa: Numerals QuenyaAlt. Quenyaððñ 100 1Ua|D tuxaððò 200 hÍ~M1Ua|D yútuxa1Ua|D `C1;E tuxa attaððó 300 5$j1Ua|D neltuxa1Ua|D6 5$m$ tuxar neldëððô 400 aD5#1Ua|D canatuxa1Ua|D6 aD4# tuxar cantaððõ 500 j$qR4&a|D lepentuxa1Ua|D6 j$r$ tuxar lempëððö 600 `V5$4&a|D enentuxa1Ua|D6 `Vv$ tuxar enquëðð÷ 700 `N1Y1Ua|D ototuxa1Ua|D6 `N1Y+ tuxar otsoððø 800 1Yj^1Ua|D tolotuxa1Ua|D6 1Ym^ tuxar toldoððù 900 5$1R61Ua|D netertuxa1Ua|D6 5$61R tuxar nertëðððñ 1,000 t$f$ mencë From Sindarin: t5$x$73Y Menegroth "The Thousand Caves".t5$x$ meneg? (Primitive Elvish? "menekē") "thousand"?1Ua|D6 zlD5 tuxar quain 9~Mt$ húmë Attested Qenya word, may not be part of Late-Quenya. 1,000 to 10,000: NumeralsQuenyaAlt. Quenyaðððñ1,000t$f$mencë1Ua|D6 zlD5tuxar quainððññ1,100`C1Ua|D t$f$tuxa mencë1Ua|D6 t%v$tuxar minquëððòñ1,200hÍ~M`C1Ua|D t$f$yútuxa mencë1Ua|D6 hÍUv$tuxar yunquëððóñ1,3005$j`C1Ua|D t$f$neltuxa mencë1Ua|D6 5$jzRtuxar nelquëððôñ1,400aD5#`C1Ua|D t$f$canatuxa mencë1Ua|D6 aD5#zRtuxar canaquëððõñ1,500j$qR4&a|D t$f$lepentuxa mencë1Ua|D6 j$qRv$tuxar lepenquëððöñ1,600`V5$4&a|D t$f$enentuxa mencë1Ua|D6 `V5$v$tuxar enenquëðð÷ñ1,700`N1Y`C1Ua|D t$f$ototuxa mencë1Ua|D6 `N1YzRtuxar otoquëððøñ1,8001Yj^`C1Ua|D t$f$tolotuxa mencë1Ua|D6 1Yj^zRtuxar toloquëððùñ1,9005$1R6`C1Ua|D t$f$netertuxa mencë1Ua|D6 5$1R6zRtuxar neterquë TengwarQuenyaAlt. Quenyaðððñ1,000t$f$mencë1Ua|D6 zlD5tuxar quainðððò2,000hÍ~Mt$f$yúmencët$f$ `C1;E mencë atta1Ua|D6 hÍ~MzlD5tuxar yúquainðððó3,0005$jt$f$nelmencët$f% 5$m$ menci neldë1Ua|D6 5$jzlD5tuxar nelquainðððô4,000aD5#t$f$canamencët$f% aD4# menci canta1Ua|D6 aD5#zlD5tuxar canaquainðððõ5,000j$qRt"$f$lepemmencët$f% j$r$ menci lempë1Ua|D6 j$qRvlD5tuxar lepenquainðððö6,000`V5$t"$f$enemmencët$f% `Vv$ menci enquë1Ua|D6 `V5$vlD5tuxar enenquainððð÷7,000`N1Yt$f$otomencët$f% `N1Y+ menci otso1Ua|D6 `N1YzlD5tuxar otoquainðððø8,0001Yj^t$f$tolomencët$f% 1Ym^ menci toldo1Ua|D6 1Yj^zlD5tuxar toloquainðððù9,0005$1R6t$f$netermencët$f% 5$61R menci nertë1Ua|D6 5$1R6zlD5tuxar neterquainððððñ10,000zlDt$f$quaimencët$f% alD5 menci quain1Ua|D6 1Ua|Dtuxar tuxa 10,000 to 1 Million: TengwarQuenyaAlt. Quenyaððððñ10,000zlDt$f$quaimencët$f% zlD5 menci quainððððò20,000hÍ~MzlDt$f$yúquaimencët$f% hÍ~MzlD5 menci yúquainððððó30,0005$jzlDt$f$nelquaimencët$f% 5$jzlD5 menci nelquainððððô40,000aD5#zlDt$f$canaquaimencët$f% aD5#zlD5 menci canaquainððððõ50,000j$qRvlDt$f$lepenquaimencët$f% j$qRvlD5 menci lepenquainððððö60,000`V5$vlDt$f$enenquaimencët$f% `V5$vlD5 menci enenquainðððð÷70,000`N1YzlDt$f$otoquaimencët$f% `N1YzlD5 menci otoquainððððø80,0001Yj^zlDt$f$toloquaimencët$f% 1Yj^zlD5 menci toloquainððððù90,0005$1R6zlDt$f$neterquaimencët$f% 5$1R6zlD5 menci neterquainðððððñ100,0001Ua|Dt$f$tuxamencët$f% 1Ua|D menci tuxa NumeralsQuenyaAlt. Quenyaðððððñ100,0001Ua|Dt$f$tuxamencët$f% 1Ua|Dmenci tuxaðððððò200,000hÍ~M1Ua|Dt$f$yútuxamencët$f% hÍ~M1Ua|Dmenci yútuxaðððððó300,0005$j1Ua|Dt$f$neltuxamencët$f% 5$j1Ua|Dmenci neltuxaðððððô400,000aD5#1Ua|Dt$f$canatuxamencët$f% aD5#1Ua|Dmenci canatuxaðððððõ500,000j$qR4&a|Dt$f$lepentuxamencët$f% j$qR4&a|Dmenci lepentuxaðððððö600,000`V5$4&a|Dt$f$enentuxamencët$f% `V5$4&a|Dmenci enentuxaððððð÷700,000`N1Y1Ua|Dt$f$ototuxamencët$f% `N1Y1Ua|Dmenci ototuxaðððððø800,0001Yj^1Ua|Dt$f$tolotuxamencët$f% 1Yj^1Ua|Dmenci tolotuxaðððððù900,0005$1R61Ua|Dt$f$netertuxamencët$f% 5$1R61Ua|Dmenci netertuxaððððððñ1,000,000t%2~N7Dmindórat$f% t$f$menci mencë 1 Million to 100 Million: TengwarQuenyaTengwarQuenyaððððððñt%2~N7D1,000,000mindóra ðððððððñzF`C2~N7D10,000,000quëandóraððððððòhÍU2~N7D2,000,000yundóra ðððððððòhÍ~MzF`C2~N7D20,000,000yúquëandóraððððððó5$m~N7D3,000,000neldóra ðððððððó5$jzF`C2~N7D30,000,000nelquëandóraððððððôaD5#2~N7D4,000,000canandóra ðððððððôaD5#zF`C2~N7D40,000,000canaquëandóraððððððõj$qR2~N7D5,000,000lependóra ðððððððõj$qRv$`C2~N7D50,000,000lepenquëandóraððððððö`V5$2~N7D6,000,000enendóra ðððððððö`V5$v$`C2~N7D60,000,000enenquëandóraðððððð÷`N1Y2~N7D7,000,000otondóra ððððððð÷`N1YzR`C2~N7D70,000,000otoquëandóraððððððø1Ym~N7D8,000,000toldóra ðððððððø1Yj^zR`C2~N7D80,000,000toloquëandóraððððððù5$1Ru~N7D9,000,000neterdóra ðððððððù5$1R6zF`C2~N7D90,000,000neterquëandóraðððððððñzF`C2~N7D10,000,000quëandóra ððððððððñ1Ua|D2~N7D100,000,000tuxandóra 100 Million & Beyond: TengwarQuenyaððððððððñ1Ua|D2~N7D100,000,000tuxandóraððððððððòhÍ~M1Ua|D2~N7D200,000,000yútuxandóraððððððððó5$j1Ua|D2~N7D300,000,000neltuxandóraððððððððôaD5#1Ua|D2~N7D400,000,000canatuxandóraððððððððõj$qR4&a|D2~N7D500,000,000lepentuxandóraððððððððö`V5$4&a|D2~N7D600,000,000enentuxandóraðððððððð÷`N1Y1Ua|D2~N7D700,000,000ototuxandóraðððððððð÷1Yj^1Ua|D2~N7D800,000,000tolotuxandóraððððððððù5$1R61Ua|D2~N7D900,000,000netertuxandóraðððððððððñt$f$2~N7D1,000,000,000mencendóra Based on the Long Scale counting: 1,000,000,000 = 1 Milliard, 109 1,000,000,000,000 = 1 Billion, 1012 Compared to Short Scale: 1,000,000,000 = 1 Billion, 109 1,000,000,000,000 = 1 Trillion, 1012 Numbers are said to follow the noun, except for `V6 er "one, alone". Before `C1;E atta "two", the noun is in "singular" form. `Vm# `C1;E Elda atta "Two Eldar" - lit. "Elves two" `Vm#6 5$m$ Eldar neldë "Three Eldar" `Vj$5 `C1;E Elen atta "Two stars" `Vj$5% 5$m$ Eleni neldë "Three stars" Ordinals The first three ordinals are irregular, then from four onwards, we remove the last vowel of the cardinal number and add \`V`C –ëa* TengwarQuenya TengwarQuenyat%5Ì#1stminyat%v$`C11thminquëa1E1ÎE2ndtatyahÍUv$`C12thyunquëa5$j´#3rdnelya5$j$zF`C13thnelequëaaD4$`C4thcantëaaD5#zF`C14thcanaquëaj$r$`C5thlempëaj$qRv$`C15thlepenquëa`Vv$`C6thenquëa`V5$v$`C16thenenquëa`N1iR`C7thotsëa`N1YzR`C17thotoquëa1Ym$`C8thtoldëa1Yj^zR`C18thtoloquëa5$61R`C9thnertëa5$1R6zF`C19thneterquëazlD5$`C10thquainëahÍ~MzlD5$`C20thyúquainëa Fractions Fractions can be made by compounding the numeral with the word `C81E asta "month; division, part (esp. one of other equal parts)": TengwarQuenya TengwarQuenyaAlt. Quenya`CzDaqua1/1t%v$81Eminquesta1/11qR7R81Eperesta1/2hÍUv$81Eyunquesta1/125$m$81Eneldesta1/35$j$zF81Enelequesta1/135$jzF81EnelquestaaD4#81Ecanasta1/4aD5#zF81Ecanaquesta1/14aDv$81Ecanquestaj$qR81Elepesta1/5j$qFv$81Elepenquesta1/15`Vv$81Eenquesta1/6`V5$v$81Eenenquesta1/16`N1Y81Eotosta1/7`N1YzR81Eotoquesta1/171Yj^81Etolosta1/81Yj^zR81Etoloquesta1/185$7R81Eneresta1/95$1R6zR81Eneterquesta1/19alD81Ecaista1/10hÍ~MalD81Eyúcaista1/20 Quotientials There also exists quotientals that are used when something has happened a certain number of times. They are used as adverbs: `V6 er "once" hÍ~M yú twice 5$j nel "thrice / three-times" aD5 can "four-times" The higher numbers are formed with the suffix \j°&t$ –llumë: Tengwar Quenya English Tengwar Quenya Englishj$r$j°&t$lempellumëfive-timest$f$j°&t$mencellumëthousand-times`Vv$j°&t$enquellumësix-timeszR`Ct"$f$j°&t$quëammencellumëten thousand-timeszR`Cj°&t$quëallumëten-times1Ua|Dt$f$j°&t$tuxamencellumëhundred thousand-times1Ua|Dj°&t$tuxallumëhundred-timest%2~N7Dj°&t$mindórallumëmillion-times Tengwar Numerals Writing the numerals in Tengwar is quite different to write compared with Arabic numerals, but not too different from them to give any form of great difficulty in learning it. As the elves originally used the duodecimal (base-12) number system, they had need for 12 single digits.Note that the letters A and B are used for the values of 10 and 11 in duodecimal. Duodecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B 10 ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú û ðñ Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ðñ ññ òñ Tengwar numerals are written from right to left, with the lowest power written first, followed by the next higher power: Reading Decimal ðñ = 01 = 0 ones / 1 ten = 10 ððñ = 001 = 0 ones / 0 tens / 1 hundred = 100 óòñ = 321 = 3 ones / 2 tens / 1 hundred = 123 ðòôñ = 0241 = 0 ones / 2 tens / 4 hundreds / 1 thousand = 1420 Writing Decimal Notations Decimal numbers can be given a single dot above the numeral to indicate a decimal number: ðGñT Larger numbers in decimal can be given a single bar above the numerals: ðñìòîóìôîõîöì÷îøìùì Example: ö%ñGðGò% = 6102 = 2016 or öìñîðîòî = 6102 = 2016 Reading Duodecimal Guide to Duodecimal powers (Duodecimal = Decimal): 0 = 0 - "one", 10 = 12 - "twelve/dozen", 100 = 144 - "gross", 1,000 = 1,728 - "great-gross" ðñ = 01 = 0 ones / 1 twelves = 10 = 12 in Decimal ððñ = 001 = 0 ones / 0 twelves / 1 gross = 100 = 144 in Decimal óòñ = 321 = 3 ones / 2 twelves / 1 gross = 123 = 167 in Decimal ôúù = 4A9 = 4 ones / A:10 twelves / 9 grosses = 9A4 = 1420 in Decimal ûððñ = B001 = B:11 ones / 0 twelves / 0 grosses / 1 great-gross = 100B = 1739 in Decimal Writing Duodecimal Notations Duodecimal numbers are indicated by having single dot tehta placed below the numbers. The second digit however is given a circular tehta instead: ðÊñ¨òÈóÈôÊõÈöÉ÷ÉøÉùÈúÊûÊ Like large decimal numbers, the larger duodecimal numbers can also be given a bar, but is placed below instead: ðñíòíóíôïõïöí÷ïøíùíúïûï Example: ðÊð¨òÈñÊ = 0021 = 1200 Duodecimal = 2016 Decimal ððíòïñï = 0021 = 1200 Duodecimal = 2016 Decimal Not much is known on the names of duodecimal numbers, but a theorised construction of these names can be found at the duodecimal numerals page here. >> Neo-Quenya >> ../Numerals/