Internet Governance/Appendix 1: Selected Organizations Involved in Internet Governance

http://www.atu-uat.org/ | Forum of 46 African countries and 10 Associate Members (comprising telecom operators) Lobbies on behalf of its members for globally allocated ICT resources such as Internet addresses Represents the interest of African countries at international forums Supports policy harmonization amongst its member States and promotes regional market integration Founded in 1977, headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya |- | CENTR - Council of European National TLD Registries http://www.centr.org/ | Association of top-level country code domain registries, primarily in Europe, but also open to non-European ccTLD managers Lobbies on behalf of ccTLDs at Internet governing bodies like ICANN Advises European governments and EU on ccTLD policy and regulatory matters Founded in 1998, headquarters in Brussels, Belgium |- | CERN - Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire http://public.web.cern.ch/ | A fundamental physics research organization of 20 Europeans countries focused on particle physics HTML, HTTP and the World Wide Web were developed here Founded in 1954, headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland |- | CERT - Coordination Center http://www.cert.org/ | Funded by the US federal government to coordinate between Internet security experts during serious attacks on the Internet Conducts vulnerability analysis of Internet infrastructure and informs the larger Internet community of possible dangers Founded in 1988, headquarters in Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA There are many similar organizations formed in many jurisdictions around the world in emulation of this concept |- | CITEL - Inter-American Telecommunications Commission http://www.citel.oas.org/ | Composed of 35 member states in the Americas and 200 associate members Evaluates regulatory, technical and legal mechanisms to promote harmonization across member States Develops regional standards for value-added networks Promotes coherence of certification procedures for telecommunication equipment Founded in 1923, headquarters in Washington DC, USA |- | CoE - Council of Europe http://www.coe.int/ | Distinct from the EU, this organization has as members 46 countries from Europe It was founded, among other things, to develop continent-wide agreements to standardize member countries’ social and legal practices Finalizing world’s first international convention on cybercrimes Promotes e-governance and data protection Founded in 1949, headquarters in Strasbourg, France |- | Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/ | Non-profit organization funded by foundations and led by experts in cyberlaw and IPR Offers non-restrictive licenses to owners of creative work to share their work on the Internet Developed Web application to allow creative works to be made available in the public domain Founded in 2001, hosted at the Stanford Law School, California, USA |- | DiploFoundation http://www.diplointernetgovernance.org/ | Community space for dialogue on Internet governance DiploFoundation is a non-profit organisation which works to assist countries to participate meaningfully in international affairs, through education and training programs, research, and the development of information and communications technologies for diplomatic activities. Founded in 2002 as an independent non-profit foundation by the governments of Malta and Switzerland |- | DITE -Division on Investment, Technology and Enterprise UNCTAD http://www.unctad.org/ Templates/StartPage.asp?intItem ID=2983&lang=1 | Part of the United Nations system, this division focuses on foreign direct investment and technology Produced study on intellectual property rights and its impact on developing countries Assists developing countries to building international competitiveness It runs programmes to encourage the use of new technologies Founded in 1964, headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland |- | EFF - Electronic Frontier Foundation http://www.eff.org/ | Non-profit organization composed of lawyers, IT experts and volunteers Defends civil liberties in cyberspace Active in a broad spectrum of rights issues in cyberspace including: File-sharing, Digital Rights Management, Internet governance, privacy and surveillance, spam and intellectual property rights Founded in 1990, headquarters in San Francisco, USA |- | ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute http://www.etsi.org/ | Non-profit European standards body for telecommunications and ICTs Composed of 688 members from 55 countries inside and outside Europe, including manufacturers, network operators, administrations, service providers, research bodies and users Works closely with ITU for developing telecom standards Part of consortium that developed IPv6, 3G and GSM standards Founded in 1988, headquarters in Sophia-Antipolis, France |- | GAC - Governmental Advisory Committee of ICANN http://gac.icann.org | Composed of representatives of national governments, multinational and treaty organizations attached to ICANN Provides policy input to ICANN on ccTLD names Conveys concerns of governments on how ICANN’s policies interact with national laws or international agreements Founded in 1999, with a secretariat staffed at various times by the Australian government, the European Commission and potentially others |- | GBDe - Global Business Dialogue on E-commerce http://www.gbde.org/ | Business initiative led by CEOs to develop global policy framework for e-commerce Promotes harmonization of country regulations for uniform treatment of e-commerce activities Developed recommendations for micro-payments and secure online transactions Founded in 1999, headquarters in Vermont, USA |- | GICT - Global Information & Communication Technologies http://info.worldbank.org/ict/ | Spearheads the World Bank’s efforts to expand access to ICT infrastructure in developing countries Provides policy advice to governments in the area of telecom liberalization, e-commerce and e-government Provides loans to subsidize the extension of the ICT infrastructure in rural and poor areas by private sector operators Founded in 1995, headquarters in Washington DC, USA |- | IAB - Internet Architecture Board http://www.iab.org/ | A 13 member technical reference group under ISOC, officially appointed by the ISOC Board, nominated by IETF Provides guidance and advice to ISOC and ICANN, among others, on technical, architectural and procedural matters related to the Internet Provides oversight of the process used to create Internet standards and protocols Issues guidelines on future strategies as they relate to the Internet’s architecture Founded in 1984, virtual group |- | IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority http://www.iana.org/ | IANA created in the earliest days of Internet development and run by Jonathan Postel until his untimely death in 1998. It functioned under the guidance of the IAB Integrated into the ICANN organization on its founding in 1998 Allocates Internet address space to RIRs Oversees the operation of the root name servers Oversees the DNS including creation of new TLDs, redelegation of ccTLDs. Updating of the root zone file IANA was an extension of the original ARPANET “Numbers Czar” position occupied by Jonathan Postel in 1969. Upon its creation around 1975, it was operated by USC Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA until it was integrated with ICANN |- | ICANN - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers http://www.icann.org/ | Coordinates the Internet’s systems of unique identifiers: domain names, IP address, protocol port and parameter numbers Oversees the distribution of unique identifiers Fosters competition within domain name registry industry Creates new top-level domain names, delegation of ccTLDs Oversees the DNS root name server system Founded in 1998, headquarters in Marina del Rey, California, USA |- | ICCP - Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy, OECD http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_34223_1_1_1_1_1,00.html | Arm of the OECD, composed of 30 developed countries, that addresses issues arising from the “digital economy” Produces research publications and statistics to contribute to more informed ICT policy-making among member States Analyses the broad policy framework underlying the “e-economy”, the information infrastructure and information society Founded in 1947, headquarters in Paris, France |- | IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers http://www.ieee.org | A non-profit technical association of engineers numbering 360,000 from 175 countries It is a leading technical authority and standards body for telecommunication, computer engineering and other areas Developed 802.11b developed for the Wireless LAN or WiFi Founded in 1961, headquarters in New York, USA |- | IESG - Internet Engineering Steering Group http://www.ietf.org/iesg.html | Group composed of members from IETF and functions under ISOC Provides the final technical review of Internet standards Issues the final approval of specifications as Internet standards Responsible for day-to-day management of the IETF and monitors quality of its output Founded in 1989, virtual group |- | IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force http://www.ietf.org/ | Structured as a loosely self-organized group of people whose leadership is appointed by IAB and functions under ISOC Concerned with developing, testing and implementing new Internet technical standards The technical work gets done in its working groups organized by topic (routing, transport, security, etc.) Proposes standards to IESG for final approval Founded in 1986, secretariat operated since 1988 by CNRI in Reston, Virginia, USA |- | Information Society and Media Directorate-General, EU http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/information_society/ | A unit of the EU that produces research and policy initiatives in the area of Information Society technologies Initiated eEurope Action Plan touching number of areas including broadband, e-business, e-government, spam, privacy and data protection, and security for adoption by EU member States Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium |- | ISO - International Organization for Standardization http://www.iso.org | Composed of national standards institutes from 148 countries The world’s largest developer of standards Its principal activity is the development of technical standards Developed two-letter code standard for representing country name on which country top-level domain names are based Founded in 1947, headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland |- | ISOC - Internet Society http://www.isoc.org/ | International organization composed of 100 organizations and 20,000 individuals that addresses technical and policy challenges facing the Internet Organizational home for groups responsible for the Internet’s architecture and standards-IAB, IETF, IESG, and IANA, etc. Provides forums to discuss the future evolution of the Internet Sponsors training workshops in developing countries A global clearinghouse for information on the Internet Founded in 1992, headquarters in Reston, Virginia, USA |- | ITU-D - International Telecommunication Union Development Bureau http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ | The development arm of the ITU, composed of member States and private organizations like telecom operators and equipment manufacturers Provides assistance to developing countries in the field of ICTs Helps developing countries evolve telecommunication policies and strategies Mobilizes technical, human and financial resources needed for extending network infrastructure and services Supports initiatives to bridge the digital divide Founded in 1989, headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland |- | ITU-R - International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/ | The arm of ITU, composed of member states and private organizations, that deals with the allocation of finite telecommunication resources Allocates bands of the radio frequency spectrum, frequency and satellite orbits for a variety of services including fixed and mobile telephony, broadcasting, amateur radio, space research, meteorology, global positioning systems, etc. Developed the IMT 2000 standard for broadband mobile Internet and wireless data transmission Founded in 1992, headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland |- | ITU-T - International Telecommunication Union Standardization http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ | The standardization arm of ITU, composed of member States and private organizations like telecom operators and equipment manufacturers Provides global telecommunication standards by issuing recommendations Issues standards from numbering plans and accounting rates to the functioning of circuit-switched networks, packet-based voice and data networks Founded in 1992, headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland |- | MINC - Multilingual Internet Names Consortium http://www.minc.org/ | A non-profit, non-governmental, international organization that focuses on developing and promoting multilingual Internet domain names and keywords Composed of individual members from all continents of the world and from different sectors – industry, academia, research, government, investors and international organizations Promotes internationalization of Internet names standards and protocols by coordinating with other international bodies like ICANN, ITU, IETF and as well as language groups Founded in 2000, headquarters in Jordan |- | NRO - Number Resource Organization http://www.nro.net | Formed in 2003 by the four RIRs – APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC and RIPE NCC The purpose of the NRO is to undertake joint activities of the RIRs, including joint technical projects, liaison activities and policy coordination Aims to protect the unallocated Number Resource pool; promote and protect the bottom-up policy development process Acts as a focal point for Internet community input into the RIR system |- | RIPE NCC http://www.ripe.net/ | A non-profit membership organization that supports the infrastructure of the Internet through technical co-ordination in its service region The RIPE NCC service region consisting mainly of ISPs, telecommunication organizations and large corporations located in Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and African countries Acts as a RIR and allocates and assigns IP address space and other Internet numbers to its members Founded in 1992, headquarters in Amsterdam, the Netherlands |- | SIP forum- Session Initial Protocol forum http://www.sipforum.org/ | The forum is made up of individuals, network engineers, application developers and other Internet professionals Focus is on developing global Internet communications based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Advances the adoption of products and services based on SIP, namely Internet technologies such as IP phones, PC clients, SIP servers and IP telephony gateways Explicitly not a standards-setting body. IETF defines the core SIP protocol Founded in 1996, headquarters in Stockholm, Sweden |- |UN ICT Task Force - United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force http://www.unicttaskforce.org | A UN task force supported by the Heads of State and governments of all UN member States Formulates strategies for the UN to use ICTs for development Launched initiatives to bridge the global digital divide Established Working Group on ICT governance for helping developing countries play a role in global ICT policy-making Founded in 2001, headquarters in New York, USA |- |UNDP-ICTD – United Nations Development Programme- Information, Communication Technologies for Development http://sdnhq.undp.org/it4dev/ |ICTs for development is a crucial component of UNDP’s global development strategy Assists developing countries in designing and implementing strategies for leveraging ICTs for development Supports WSIS activities through substantive contribution and logistical help Assists developing countries to make use of Free/Open Source software Links deployment of ICTs to poverty reduction strategies Founded in 1992, headquarters in New York, USA |- |UNESCO CI - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - Communication and Information Sector http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en | Embedded within UNESCO, its programmes focus on promoting universal access to ICTs, especially in developing countries Promotes multilingualism on the Internet Supports initiatives to fight poverty through ICTs Founded in 1990, headquarters in Paris, France |- |W3C - World Wide Web Consortium http://www.w3.org/ | The Consortium consisting of 350 members is mainly composed of organizations and government entities Develops Web application standards and guidelines to allow hardware and software used to access the Web to work together Developed simple mechanism to add style (e.g. fonts, colours, spacing) to Web pages via Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Launched Web Accessibility Initiative to make the Web accessible to all regardless of physical disabilities Developed XML that allow interoperation between different software applications, running on a variety of platforms Founded in 1994, collaborative headquarters in Sophia-Antipolis, France, MIT, Massachusetts, USA and Keio University in Japan |- | WGIG - Working Group on Internet Governance http://www.wgig.org/ | WGIG is a working group of WSIS tasked with developing a working definition of Internet governance and to identify public policy issues surrounding this topic The group’s final report will be presented in the second phase of WSIS meeting in Tunis, November 2005 Founded in 2004, located within the UN Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland |- | WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/ | One of the specialized UN agencies consisting of 181 member States tasked with protecting intellectual property rights globally Promotes the protection of intellectual property (inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce) throughout the world through cooperation among States and other international organizations Played an early role in trademark disputes relating to domain names Co-developed with ICANN UDRP used to arbitrate trademark-based domain name disputes Founded in 1979 , headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland |- | WSIS - World Summit on Information Society http://www.itu.int/wsis/ | Summit conducted in two phases by UN and ITU to discuss strategies to bridge the digital divide between developing and developed countries Participants at the Summit consisted of UN member States, civil society groups and the private sector First phase of Summit discussed how to establish the foundations for an Information Society globally Explored strategies for using ICTs for promoting development goals of the Millennium Declaration Set up a number of working groups that are exploring issues related to Internet governance, intellectual property rights, management of the DNS, etc. Founded in 2001, rotating summits, no permanent headquarters |- | WTO - World Trade Organization http://www.wto.org/ | A global international organization consisting of 148 countries dealing with the rules of trade between nations Forum where trade agreements are negotiated and signed Has mandate to examine all trade-related issues relating to global electronic commerce Negotiated telecommunications agreement which liberalized telecom markets globally and introduced greater competition Founded in 1995, headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland |}