Movie Making Manual/Cinematography/Cameras and Formats/Table of Formats

Please see the Comparison table of cameras for camera details such as sensor size, sensor resolution etc Click on the links to see the (often excellent) corrospoding article on WikiPedia. Part 1 Name Media Intro'd Developer raw Mbps* raw MBps* real-world MBps* chroma subsampling Colour space recorded res video compression type video compression ratio luma sampling freq b/p/c** audio encoding audio channels audio sampling rate audio quantisation audio kbps digital interfaces notes VHS*** tape 1976 JVC analogue analogue analogue Betamax*** tape 1975 Sony analogue analogue analogue sVHS*** tape 1987 JVC analogue analogue analogue Hi8*** tape 1989 analogue analogue analogue BetaSP*** tape 1986 Sony analogue analogue analogue DV DV tape, miniDV tape 1995 25 Mbps 3.1 MBps 3.7 MBps 4:1:1(NTSC) 4:2:0(PAL) 720x480(NTSC) 720x576/25i/p(PAL) 768x576/25/i/p(PAL) DCT intraframe MJPEG 8 linear PCM 2 / 4 48 kHz(2ch) 16 bit IEEE1394 DVcam DV tape, miniDV tape, XDCAM disks 1997 Sony 25 Mbps 3.1 MBps 3.7 MBps 4:1:1(NTSC) 4:2:0(PAL) 720x480(NTSC) 720x576/25i/p(PAL) 768x576/25/i/p(PAL) DCT intraframe MJPEG 8 linear PCM 2 / 4 48 kHz(2ch) 16 bit IEEE1394 XDCAM XDCAM disks 2003 Sony 25 Mbps 3.1 MBps 3.7 MBps 4:1:1(NTSC) 4:2:0(PAL) 720x480(NTSC) 720x576/25i/p(PAL) 768x576/25/i/p(PAL) DVCam or MPEG IMX 8 linear PCM 2 / 4 48 kHz(2ch) 16 bit IEEE1394 HDV DV or miniDV tape 2003 25Mbps 3.1MBps 3.7MBps 4:2:0 1440x1080/25i 720/60p, 720/30p, 720/50p, 720/25p, 1440x1080/60i, 1440x1080/50i MPEG2 74.25MHz 55.7MHz 8 linear MPEG1 Audio Layer II 2 48kHz 16 bit 384kbps IEEE1394 DVCpro tape or P2 1997 Panasonic 25 Mbps 3.1 MBps 3.7 MBps 4:1:1 MJPEG IEEE1394 DVCpro50 tape or P2 Panasonic 50 Mbps 6.25 MBps 7.5 MBps 4:2:2 MJPEG DVCproHD tape or P2 Panasonic 100 Mbps 12.5 MBps 15 MBps 4:2:2 960x720(0.7MP)p, 1280x1080(1.4MP)p HD SDI BetaSX tape 1996 Sony 4:2:2 MPEG Main Profile @ Main Level (MP@ML) GOP 2 PCM 4 48 kHz DigiBeta tape 1993 Sony 90Mbps 4:2:2 YUV DCT compressed component video Intraframe MJPEG 10bit PCM 4 48 kHz SDI MPEG IMX tape or XDCAM disks 2001 >Betacam SX CCIR 601 MPEG 8+cue+TC SDI HDCAM tape 1997 144Mbps 4:2:2 1440x1080i 720p DCT 10 bit 4 48 kHz 20 bit HD SDI HDCAM SR tape 2003 440Mbps / 880Mbps 4:4:4(880Mbps) 4:2:2(440Mbps) 2x4:2:2(880Mbps) RGB 1920x1080 MPEG-4 Studio Profile 12 dual HD SDI Part2 Name Media Intro'd Developer raw Mbps* raw MBps* real-world MBps* chroma subsampling Colour space recorded res video compression type video compression ratio luma sampling freq b/p/c** audio encoding audio channels audio sampling rate audio quantisation audio kbps digital interfaces notes HD uncompressed DDR 1492 Mbps 187 MBps 234 MBps 4:4:4 1920x1080(2.1MP)/24p none 1:1 10 log/lin 2k DDR 2294 Mbps 286 MBps 344 MBps 4:4:4 RGB / XYZ 2048x1556(3.2MP) none 1:1 10 log/lin none 0 4k DDR 6370 Mbps 796 MBps 956 MBps 4:4:4 4096x2160(8.9MP) or 4520x2540(11.5MP) none 1:1 10 lin/log none 0 6k DDR 4:4:4 none 1:1 10 lin/log none 0 8k DDR 4:4:4 none 1:1 10 lin/log none 0 D1 19mm tape 1987 Sony CCIR 601 uncompressed 1:1 4:2:2 PCM D3 D5 D3 tapes 1994 Panasonic uncompressed component video uncompressed D5 HD 250 Mb/s 1035/1080/720/i/p /24/25/30/59.94/60 intra-frame 4:1 Uncompressed 4 40 kHz 20 bit Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) Encrypted hard disk 2005 ~190 Mbps ~24 MB/s 4:4:4 XYZ 2k 24p JPEG2000 12 uncompressed 128 bit AES encryption 35mm neg *** celluloid 35mm print *** celluloid Human Eye*** Part 3 Name Media Intro'd Developer raw Mbps* raw MBps* real-world MBps* chroma subsampling Colour space recorded res video compression type video compression ratio luma sampling freq b/p/c** audio encoding audio channels audio sampling rate audio quantisation audio kbps digital interfaces notes DNxHD Avid 220(10-bit 6:1) 145(8-bit 7:1) 4:2:2 7:1 - 4:1 8/10 bit CineForm Intermediate (CFHD) August 2003 CineForm Variable Variable 4:2:2 601 and 709 Upto 2048x1556 Wavelet Variable (average 6:1) DVD Optical disk 1996 4:2:0 MPEG-2 48kHz, PCM, DTS, MP2, Dolby Digital (AC-2) MPEG-2 MPEG HD DVD Microsoft Blu-ray Quicktime Apple MPEG-4 MPEG MPEG4-AVC MPEG WM9 Microsoft Real Media Real Notes * Constant bitrate unless otherwise stated ** b/p/c = bits per pixel per colour channel *** Obviously, these analogue formats can't be measured absolutely in these terms. These estimates provide an interesting comparison to the electronic formats.