Spanish/Lesson 9

Grammar - Past Participle (el participio) Spanish uses the past participle primarily for present perfect, past perfect, and other similar times. For -ar verbs form the past participle by adding -ado to the stem. For -er and -ir verbs add -ido: Verb Past Participle hablar hablado comer comido vivir vivido If the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in one of the vowels -a, -e, or -o, the i of -ido gets an accent mark: Verb Past Participle caer caído creer creído leer leído oir oído reir reído There are a few verbs with an irregular past participle: Verb Past Participle abrir abierto cubrir cubierto descubrir descubierto decir dicho escribir escrito freír frito hacer hecho ir ido morir muerto poner puesto romper roto satisfacer satisfecho ver visto volver vuelto As in English, the past participle can also be used as an adjective for a noun. In that case the ending has to match gender and number of the noun. Example: Su barba está afeitada. His beard is shaved. Finally, there are a few verbs with both a regular and an irregular past participle. In this case, the irregular past participle is used as an adjective, while the regular form is used for the verb tenses. Verb Past Participle imprimir imprimido / impreso ocultar ocultado / oculto Grammar - Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) The Spanish present perfect is formed by conjugating the auxiliary verb haber (= to have) and adding the past participle of the verb. Present Perfect English yo he comido I have eaten tú has comido you have eaten Ud./él/ella ha comido you/he/she has eaten nosotros(as) hemos comido we have eaten vosotros(as) habéis comido you have eaten Uds./ellos(as) han comido you/they have eaten Here are a few examples of the Spanish Present perfect. Note that in Spanish the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle are never separated: Carlos y yo hemos jugado fútbol.Carlos and I have played soccer.¿Has hecho tus tareas escolares de español?Have you done your Spanish homework? Nunca se ha enfermado.He has never been sick. Grammar - Pluperfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) The Spanish pluperfect is formed by conjugating imperfect of haber (= to have) and adding the past participle of the verb. Present Perfect English yo había comido I had eaten tú habías comido you had eaten Ud./él/ella había comido you/he/she had eaten nosotros(as) habíamos comido we had eaten vosotros(as) habíais comido you (all) had eaten Uds./ellos(as) habían comido you/they had eaten Here are a few examples of the Spanish pluperfect. It is used to refer to an event that happened before another event in the past. As in the present perfect, the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle are never separated: Carlos y yo habíamos jugado el fútbol antes la fiesta anoche.Carlos and I had played soccer before the party last night.¿Tu habías venido antes a Mexico?Had you been to Mexico before? Nunca se había enfermado cuando era un niño.He had never been sick while he was a kid. El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - Los medios (Media) left|26x26px|Spanish FlagEl Vocabulario Los medios Media Vocabularyel artículo la cadena el canal el/la comentarista el/la crítico/a en directo, en vivo la estación de radio, la emisora las noticias el noticiero el/la periodista el periódico la prensa la primera plana la sección deportiva la sección financiera la radio el/la reportero/a la telenovela la revista la televisión el titular la historieta la músicaarticle network channel commentator critic live radio station news newscast journalist newspaper press front page sports section business section radio reporter soap opera magazine television headline comic book music