Bengali/Grammar

Some basic sentence patterns in Bengali are given below. Subject + "be" verb + noun/adjective There are different ways of expressing the verb "to be." The "to be" verb that deals with personality and character traits is mostly omitted in the present tense (e.g., the forms আছি, হই, হও, হয়, etc.). I am. - আমি - Ami. You (sg.) are. - তুমি - Tumi He/she is. - সে - Shay We are. - আমরা - Amra You (pl.) are. - তোমরা - Tomra They are. - তারা - Tara John is. - জন - John I am well. - আমি ভাল (আছি)। - Ami bhalo (achi). He is tall. - সে লম্বা। - Shay lomba. She is beautiful. - সে সুন্দরী। - Shay sundori. You are intelligent. - তুমি বুদ্ধিমান। - Tumi buddhiman. We are humans. - আমরা মানুষ। - Amra Manush. In the other tenses, the verb "hooya," which means "to become" can be used. Another way of expressing the "to be" verb is to use the verb stem "ach-", which literally means "to be present." Ami ekhane achi. - I am here. Tumi ekhane acho. - You (sg/informal) are here. Se ekhane ache. - He/she (far/informal) is here. Amra ekhane achi. - We are here. (I/we have the same conjugated verb) Tomra ekhane acho. - You (pl/informal) are here. Tini ekhane achen. - They are here. Present Tense The simple present conveys ideas such as "I sleep", "We eat", "You work". In Bengali, the simple present tense is conjugated by adding the verb root, plus an ending. The ending depends on the person of speech (i.e., I/you/we/them etc..). For example, the verb 'to eat' in Bengali is 'khete', which has the root 'kha'. Ami (I): Kha-i Tumi (You sg/informal): Kha-o O(he/she): Kha-e Amra (We): Kha-i Tumra (You pl/informal): Kha-o Ora (Them / informal): Kha-e Apna (You formal): Kha-n In general, the verb endings are as follows: Ami (I): root + "i" Tumi (You sg/informal): root + "o" O(he/she): root + "e" Amra (We): root + "i" Tumra (You pl/informal): root + "o" Ora (Them / Informal): root + "e" Apna (You formal): root + "en" Examples: I eat: Ami Khai You eat: Tumi Khao He eats fish: O Mach khae We eat quickly: Amra taratari khai Present Participle The present participle represents actions which are currently being done in the present. In English, you would say "I am eating", "He is sleeping", "We are working". In Bengali, you conjugate the present participle by taking the verb root, and adding an ending which depends on the person of speech of the subject (i.e, I / we/ us / they). For example, the verb 'to eat' in Bengali is 'khete', which has the root 'kha'. Ami (I): Kha-chi Tumi (You sg/informal): Kha-cho O(he/she): Kha-che Amra (We): Kha-chi Tumra (You pl/informal): Kha-cho Ora (Them / informal): Kha-che Apna (You formal): Kha-chen In general, the verb endings are as follows: Ami (I): root + "chi" Tumi (You sg/informal): root + "cho" O(he/she): root + "che" Amra (We): root + "chi" Tumra (You pl/informal): root + "cho" Ora (Them / Informal): root + "che" Apna (You formal): root + "chen" Examples: I am eating: Ami Khachi You (inf) are eating: Tumi Khacho He is sleeping: O Gumache We are sleeping: Amra Gumachi You (formal) are sleeping: Apni Gumachen