Flora of New York/Cornales

Cornales Caryophyllales 3 Ericales Cornales introduction The Cornales Dumortier includes the families: Cornaceae, Curtisiaceae, Grubbiaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hydrostachyaceae, Loasaceae, and Nyssaceae. Cornales Page last updated: 04/30/2021 at Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 and more or less continuously updated since Soltis, Douglas E., author. Phylogeny and evolution of the angiosperms. Revised and updated edition. Chicago; London : The University of Chicago Press, 2018. Cornales Hydrangeaceae Loasaceae Hydrostachyaceae Nyssaceae Grubbiaceae Curtisiaceae Cornaceae Family Hydrangeaceae The Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family) has about nine species in four genera growing outside of cultivation. Many of these are native to the southeastern United States, but have been introduced in northern states and Canada. Subfamily Hydrangeoideae Tribe Philadelpheae Philadelphus 2020-05-23 08 48 14 English Dogwood flowers along Wisteria Way in the Franklin Glen section of Chantilly, Fairfax County, Virginia.jpg Philadelphus coronarius Cornales Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeoideae Philadelpheae Philadelphus Philadelphus Mock orange 373 4 Philadelphus inodorus L. 1753 Philadelphus inodorus L. 1794 Syringa inodora Moench 1809 Philadelphus grandiflorus Willd. 1856 P. inodorus grandiflorus Willd. 1902 Philadelphus floridus BeadleThe NY Flora Atlas previously included P. floridus as a separate species listed only in Greene County, but has since merged in into P. inodorus. NatureServe Explorer indicates that Philadelphus floridus "may prove to be only a form of P. inodorus (Weakley 1996)", although it was "accepted by Kartesz (1999) as a Georgia endemic." 1902 Philadelphus gloriosus Beadle Scentless mock orange 2021 New York Flora Atlas Florida mock orange applies to Philadelphus floridus Beadle's mockorange applies to Philadelphus floridus Few-flower mock orange applies to Philadelphus floridus Seringa inodore Philadelphe de Beadle applies to Philadelphus floridus Seringat de Beadle applies to Philadelphus floridus Seringa très fleuri applies to Philadelphus floridus Introduced southeastern US US South native Occasionally naturalized Perennial Shrub 1591 X PHIN5 NX 6114 philadelphus/inodorus 24429 27675 29100453 Philadelphus inodorus nymap.svg Bronx, Broome, Cayuga, Greene, Nassau, New York, Otsego, Rensselaer, Suffolk Edwards's botanical register (Plate 39) (7949449384).jpg Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. 1820 Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. 1828 Philadelphus latifolius Schrad. ex DC. Hoary mock-orange Hairy mock-orange Broadleaf mock-orange Seringa à grandes feuilles Introduced south-central US US South native Perennial Shrub 1590 X PHPU4 NX 6116 philadelphus/pubescens 27694 29101102 Philadelphus pubescens nymap.svg Orange, Ulster Philadelphus pubescens 01 (3x4).jpg Philadelphus coronarius L. 1753 Philadelphus coronarius L. 1896 Philadelphus caucasicus Koehne European mock orange 2021 New York Flora Atlas European mock-orange 2021 VASCAN: Hinds, 2000, Flora of New Brunswick Sweet mock-orange 2021 VASCAN: FNA Ed. Comm., 2016 Sweet mock orange 2021 USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team Philadelphia mock-orange 2021 VASCAN: Newmaster et al., 1998, Ontario Plant List English dogwood Seringat des jardins Seringa commun Introduced Eurasia Naturalized Perennial Shrub 1589 X PHCO7 XX 6113 philadelphus/coronarius 24421 27664 220010298 29100146 Philadelphus coronarius nymap.svg 17 counties xx counties 2020-05-23 08 48 01 English Dogwood flowers along Wisteria Way in the Franklin Glen section of Chantilly, Fairfax County, Virginia.jpg Deutzia 2018-06-01 (117) Deutzia scabra (fuzzy pride-of-Rochester) at Bichlhäusl in Frankenfels, Austria.jpg Deutzia scabra Cornales Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeoideae Philadelpheae Deutzia Deutzia Pride-of-Rochester 256 1 Deutzia scabra Thunb. 1784 Deutzia scabra Thunb. 1835 Deutzia crenata Siebold & Zucc. 1867 Deutzia sieboldiana Maxim. 1905 D. sieboldiana dippeliana C.K.Schneid. D. scabra candidissima Rehder Fuzzy deutzia Fuzzy pride-of-Rochester Introduced Japan Highly invasive Naturalized IO Perennial Shrub 1594 X Warr-Colu-Oran-Rock DESC4 X0 24326 13764 29100127 Deutzia scabra nymap.svg Zylistek szorstki.JPG Tribe Hydrangeae Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens kz1.jpg Hydrangea arborescens There are four species of Hydrangea native to eastern North America. Of these only Hydrangea arborescens (wild hydrangea) is native as far north as New York, which is at the northern limit of the natural range of the species. Wild hydrangea is ranked as Threatened (S2) in New York and has probably always been rare in the state. Historically there have only been ten known sites for wild hydrangea, most of these along the Pennsylvania border, on forested slopes of upper headwater ravines or on ledges.New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Hydrangea arborescens, acc. July 19, 2021. Popular cultivars of wild hydrangea include 'Annabelle' and 'Grandiflora'. Both Hydrangea arborescens and the Asian species Hydrangea paniculata (panicled hydrangea) are commonly planted but rarely naturalize in New York State.Michael Hough (2019). "Hydrangea." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 292. Cornales Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeoideae Hydrangeae Hydrangea Hydrangea Hydrangea 489 3 Hydrangea arborescens L. 1753. Hydrangea arborescens L. 1768. Viburnum americanum Mill. 1785. Viburnum alnifolium Marshall 1840. Hydrangea arborescens var. oblonga Torr. & A.Gray 1840. Hydrangea arborescens var. sterilis Torr. & A.Gray Wild hydrangea American hydrangea Smooth hydrangea Sevenbark Sheep flower Wild hydrangea American hydrangea Smooth hydrangea Native Threatened 2New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Hydrangea arborescens, acc. July 19, 2021. 7 FACU Perennial Shrub Heliophily: 4 Part shade S2, G5 1593 2 Hydrangea arborescens L. - wild hydrangea - Banks of streams in narrow forested ravines and slopes of ravines. Very specific to these niches in New York. Rare and local in New York although present in many of the ravines in south-central New York where this species is at the edge of its range. 130554-Hydrangea-arborescens 18 counties present in NY present in New York State HYAR NX 4473 hydrangea/arborescens 24195 312129 29100027 HYAR Hydrangea+arborescens Hydrangea%20arborescens Hydrangea arborescens HabitusInflorescencesLeaves BotGardBln0906b.JPG Hydrangea paniculata Panicle hydrangea Panicled hydrangea Hortensia paniculé Introduced temperate Asia Naturalized 1595 X Rens-Oran-Rock-Nass HYPA XX hydrangea/paniculata 19461 HYPA Nassau, Orange, Rensselaer, Rockland Hydrangea paniculata in Japan.jpg Hydrangea heteromalla D. Don Himalayan hydrangea Introduced Not naturalized 7626 X nymap.svg Bronx Hydrangea heteromalla flower.jpg Hydrangea Hydrangea 489 X (excluded taxa) Hydrangea cinerea Small 1830 H. arborescens L. discolor Ser. ex DC. 1898 H. cinerea Small 1921 H. arborescens L. deamii H.St.John 1956 H. arborescens L. discolor (Ser. ex DC.) E. M. McClint. Ashy hydrangea N. America native Excluded X 746 EXCLUDED HYCI3 N0 417918 29100028 Excluded nymap.svg Hydrangea cinerea drawing.png Hydrangea quercifolia W.Bartram 1791 Hydrangea quercifolia W.Bartram 1791 Hydrangea radiata Sm. non Walter Oakleaf hydrangea Introduced US South native No specimens Perennial Shrub 0 0 HYQU3 N Hydrangea+quercifolia Hydrangea%20quercifolia Excluded nymap.svg Hydrangea quercifolia - Floraison.jpg Decumaria Decumaria, with only a couple of species worldwide, is also treated as section of Hydrangea. Reports of climbing hydrangea on Long Island are assumed to be of either cultivated plants or misidentifications. Cornales Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeoideae Hydrangeae Decumaria Decumaria Woodvamp 679 1 Decumaria barbara L. 1763 Decumaria barbara L. Climbing hydrangea Woodvamp Wood-vamp Introduced southeast Virginia south Excluded OBL Perennial Woody vine 6489 X Suff (only) DEBA4 N0 24323 417912 Decumaria+barbara Decumaria%20barbara Excluded nymap.svg Decumaria barbara3.JPG Family Nyssaceae The Nyssaceae (the tupelo family) has also been treated a subfamily of the Cornaceae, including as recently as the APG III system (2009). The APG IV system (2016) treats them as separate families within the Cornales. Nyssa Nyssa Scheibler.jpg Nyssa sylvatica The genus Nyssa is here included in the Nyssaceae family within Cornales. Cornales Nyssaceae Nyssa Nyssa Tupelo 84 1 Nyssa sylvatica Marshall 1785 Nyssa sylvatica Marshall 1787 Nyssa multiflora Wangenh. 1798 Nyssa caroliniana Poir. 1935 N. sylvatica caroliniana Fernald 1935 N. sylvatica dilatata Fernald 1935 N. sylvatica typica Fernald Blackgum Black-gum Black gum Black tupelo Sourgum Sour-gum Pepperidge Nyssa sylvestre Gommier noir Gommier jaune Native Secure 1943 5 NYSY NN 6724 nyssa/sylvatica 27821 25455 8700079 Nyssa sylvatica 22zz.jpg Family Cornaceae The Cornaceae (dogwood family) has about a dozen, mostly native taxa represented outside of cultivation in New York. Cornus The genus Cornus (the dogwoods) are here organized by the subgenera used by VASCANThe Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) (attributes its organization of Cornus to "FNA Ed. Comm., in prep. e.") and FNA Zack E. Murrell & Derick B. Poindexter "24. Cornaceae Berchtold & J. Presl Dogwood Family." Flora of North America, Volume 12 for this genus. The subgenera are further placed into two groups based on the general fruit color, which has been shown to fairly reflect the phylogenic relationship within this genus.Chuanzhu Fan & (Jenny) Qiu-Yun Xiang (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships within Cornus (Cornaceae) based on 26S rDNA sequences." American Journal of Botany 88(6): 1131–1138.Xiang, Q., Thomas, D., Zhang, W., Manchester, S., & Murrell, Z. (2006). Species Level Phylogeny of the Genus Cornus (Cornaceae) Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence-Implications for Taxonomy and Tertiary Intercontinental Migration. Taxon, 55(1), 9-30. doi:10.2307/25065525 Cornus BW subg. Kraniopsis C. rugosa (round-leaved dogwood) C. drummondii (rough-leaved dogwood) C. racemosa (gray dogwood, red-panicled dogwood) C. amomum ssp. amomum (silky dogwood) C. amomum ssp. obliqua (narrow-leaved dogwood) C. sericea (red-osier dogwood) subg. Mesomora—C. alternifolia (pagoda dogwood, alternate-leaved dogwood) DW subg. Arctocrania—Cornus canadensis (bunchberry) CC subg. Cornus—C. mas (cornelian cherry) BB subg. Syncarpea—C. kousa (Japanese dogwood) subg. Cynoxylon—C. florida (flowering dogwood) BW -- Blue/White fruit clade (alt. genus Swida) DW -- Dwarf dogwood clade (alt. genus Chamaepericlymenum) CC -- Cornelian Cherry clade (alt. genus Cornus sensu stricto) BB -- Big-Bract dogwoods (alt. genus Benthamidia) Cornus with blue or white fruit Cornus alternifolia 5506102 4x3.jpg Cornus alternifolia The dogwood taxa in the clade with blue or white fruit are sometimes placed in the genus Swida Opiz 1838."Genus Swida - dogwood." Go Botany. 2021 Native Plant Trust Cornus subg. Kraniopsis Cornus subgenus Kraniopsis contains dogwoods with opposite-leaves, blue or white round fruits, open compound cymes, and minute bracts. There are about 30 species in this group worldwide, mostly in East Asia and North America, but a few are from Europe and South America. Chuanzhu Fan & (Jenny) Qiu-Yun Xiang (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships within Cornus (Cornaceae) based on 26S rDNA sequences." American Journal of Botany 88(6): 1131–1138. Five species of subgenus Kraniopsis are native to New York. Note that the Flora of North America treats subg. Kraniopsis as subg. Thelycrania "because C. S. Rafinesque (1838) apparently treated his new taxon as a genus, not a subgenus, and no publication validating the name at the subgeneric rank has been located." Zack E. Murrell & Derick B. Poindexter "24. Cornaceae Berchtold & J. Presl Dogwood Family." Flora of North America, Volume 12 -- FNA Beta page Most other sources use Kraniopsis for this subgenus name. Cornales Cornaceae Cornoideae Cornus Kraniopsis Cornus Blue-fruit dogwood 668 12 Kraniopsis Cornus racemosa Lam. 1786 Cornus racemosa Lam. 1789 C. paniculata L’Hér. 1964 C. foemina racemosa J.S.Wilson 1943 Swida racemosa Moldenke 1959 Thelycrania racemosa Tsitsin Gray dogwood Panicled dogwood Red-panicled dogwood Northern swamp dogwood Cornouiller à grappes Native Secure 2 Perennial Tree-shrub 895 5 Cayu-Onon-Oswe-Tomp CORA6 NN 14857 swida/racemosa tree/corrac Cornus racemosa (3266742099).jpg Cornus sericea L. sericea 1771 Cornus sericea L. 1803 C. stolonifera Michx. 1890 C. baileyi J.M.Coult.& W.H.Evans 1903 C. alba coloradensis Koehne 1904 Swida stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb. 1909 C. stolonifera coloradensis C.K.Schneid. 1910 C. alba stolonifera (Michx.) Wangerin 1933 C. stolonifera baileyi (J.M.Coult. & W.H.Evans) Drescher 1967 C. alba baileyi (J.M.Coult. & W.H.Evans) B.Boivin 1967 C. alba interior (Rydb.) B.Boivin 1987 Swida sericea Holub 2000 Swida alba stolonifera (Michx.) Tzvelev Red-osier dogwood Red-rood dogwood Red-stem dogwood Red-twig dogwood American dogwood Cornouiller stolonifère Cornouiller hart-rouge Hart-rouge Native Secure 6 FACW Perennial Tree-shrub 891 5 Cornus sericea L. - Shrub swamps, fens, marshes, and edges of ponds and streams often in calcareous soils but not restricted to these soils. COSES NN Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea 4651 Cornus stolonifera Michaux swida/sericea Swida sericea (L.) Holub 523904 Cornus sericea ssp. sericea L. 402148 Cornus sericea L. subsp. sericea 8700308 Cornus sericea subsp. sericea shrub/corser Cornus sericea ssp sericea NY-dist-map.png Cornus sericea 0738.jpg 120 Cornus amomum Mill. amomum 1768 Cornus amomum Mill. 1903 Swida amomum Small 1950 Thelycrania amomum Pojark. Silky dogwood Silky cornel Red-willow Native Secure 6 893 5 Cayu-Onon-Oswe-Tomp+ COAM2 N0 as Cornus amomum Mill. swida/amomum 27800 405363 8700053 Cornus amomum 01.jpg Cornus amomum Mill. obliqua (Raf.) J.S.Wilson 1819 Cornus obliqua Raf. 1845 C. sericea schuetzeana C.A.Mey. 1899 C. purpusii Koehne 1934 C. amomum schuetzeana Rickett 1944 Swida obliqua Moldenke 1965 C. amomum obliqua J.S.Wilson Narrow-leaved dogwood Narrowleaf silky dogwood Silky dogwood Swamp dogwood Pale dogwood Cornouiller oblique Native Unranked 6 SNR, G5T5 887 2? Oswe-Onta-Chem-Sche+ COOB9 NN Cornus obliqua Raf. - Silky dogwood 14855 Cornus obliqua Rafinesque not listed in New England 27801 Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S.Wilson 405364 Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S.Wilson 8700054 Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S.Wilson Chemung, Erie, Genesee, Jefferson, Ontario, Orleans, Oswego, Schenectady, Yates Cornus amomum subsp. obliqua kz01 (cropped).jpg Cornus rugosa Lam. 1786 Cornus rugosa Lam. 1789 Cornus circinata L'Hér. 1913 Swida circinata Small 1932 Swida rugosa Rydb. 1950 Thelycrania rugosa Pojark. Roundleaf dogwood Round-leaf dogwood Round-leaved dogwood Cornouiller rugueux Native Secure 7 UPL Perennial Tree-shrub 890 5 Cayu-Onon-Oswe-Tomp CORU NN 4650 swida/rugosa 27810 11571 8700062 CORU Cornus rugosa 5474512-v.jpg Cornus drummondii C.A.Mey. 1845 Cornus drummondii C.A.Mey. 1901 Cornus priceae Small 1903 Swida priceae Small 1950 Thelycrania priceae Pojark. 1960 Swida drummondii Soják Rough-leaved dogwood Northern roughleaf dogwood Drummond's dogwood Cornouiller de Drummond Native Endangered 1New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Cornus drummondii, acc. July 19, 2021. 10 FAC Perennial Tree-shrub S1, G5 889 1 Tomp-Niag-Erie-Catt CODR NN 4645 not listed Cornus drummondii - detail of the flower cluster of the roughleaf dogwood.jpg Cornus × slavinii Rehder Cornus rugosa Cornus sericea Slavin's dogwood Native Unranked Perennial Tree-shrub SNA 892 H Monroe only 1905 COSL NN Monroe (1905-1915) Ny hybrid.svg Cornus amomum × racemosa Cornus amomum Cornus racemosa hybrid dogwood Native Unranked Perennial Tree-shrub SNA 7316 H Monroe only 1979 nymap.svg Monroe (1979) Ny hybrid.svg Cornus subg. Mesomora Cornus alternifolia UL 06.jpg Cornus alternifolia Cornus subgenus Mesomora contains dogwoods with alternate leaves, blue or white fruits, open compound cymes, and minute bracts. Besides the North American Cornus alternifolia (pagoda dogwood), the only other species in subgenus Mesomora is the Asian Cornus controversa (giant dogwood), which has not been known to naturalize in New York. Cornales Cornaceae Cornoideae Cornus Mesomora Cornus Alternate-leaf dogwood 668 12 Mesomora Cornus alternifolia L.f. 1782 Cornus alternifolia L.f. 1903 Swida alternifolia Small 1950 Bothrocaryum alternifolium Pojark. Alternate-leaf dogwood Pagoda dogwood Green osier Cornouiller à feuilles alternes Native Secure 7 888 5 Onon,Oswe,Madi,Tomp++ COAL2 NN 4641 swida/alternifolia 11541 8700052 Cornus alternifolia L.f. shrub/coralt Alternate-leaved Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) - Guelph, Ontario 2020-06-07 (02).jpg Cornus with red fruit Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) - King's Cove, Newfoundland 2019-08-13.jpg Cornus canadensis Bunchberries are sometimes placed in genus Chamaepericlymenum, while flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) may be placed in genus Benthamidia. Cornus florida may be affected by dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva), a non-native fungal pathogen. Planting this tree in in full sun may help prevent anthracnose infection.Dogwood Anthracnose Fact Sheet. UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry Program. 2024. University of Massachusetts Amherst. Cornaceae Cornoideae Cornus Cornus Dwarf dogwood 668 12 Arctocrania Cornus canadensis L. 1753. Cornus canadensis L. in Sp. Pl.:118 1784. Cornus herbacea var. canadensis (L.) Pall. in Fl. Ross. 1:52 1832. Cornus cyananthus Raf. in Atlantic J. 1:151 1899. Chamaepericlymenum canadense (L.) Asch. & Graebn. in Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 1906. Cornella canadensis Rydb.(L.) Rydb. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33:147 1909. Arctocrania canadensis (L.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23:40 1910. Cornus fauriei H.Lév. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8:281 1931. Cynoxylon canadense (L.) J.H.Schaffn. in Ohio J. Sci. 31:305 1916. Mesomora canadensis (L.) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:487 1949. Eukrania canadensis (L.) Merr. in Index Raf.:184 1949. Eukrania cyananthus (Raf.) Merr. in Index Raf.:184 Bunchberry Pudding berry Crackerberry Dwarf cornel Canada dwarf-dogwood Creeping dogwood Cornouiller quatre-temps Cornouiller du Canada Native Likely secure FAC Perennial Herb-forb 2n = 22, 44 6590 4-5 Onon-Oswe-Cort-Tomp present in NY present in New York State COCA13 NN 271519-1 4457 4644 chamaepericlymenum/canadense 11545 Cornus_canadensis 8700016 Cornus canadensis 01.JPG Cornus Big-bract dogwood 668 12 Cynoxylon Cornus florida L. 1753. Cornus florida L. in Sp. Pl.: 117 1768. Cornus candidissima Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°6 1838. Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Raf. ex B.D.Jacks. 1839. Benthamidia florida (L.) Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 8:107 1903. Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S. 854 1903. Cornus urbiniana Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8:53 1908. Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Britton & Shafer in N. Amer. Trees:744 1909. Benthamia florida (L.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23:41 Flowering dogwood White dogwood Eastern flowering dogwood Big-bracted-dogwood Cornouiller fleuri Cornouiller à fleurs Cornouiller de Floride Native Likely secure 7 FACU Perennial Tree Heliophily: 5 Sun-shade 2n = 44 S4-S5 6591 4-5 Cayu-Onon-Tomp-Onei present in NY present in New York State COFL2 NN 271574-1 4459 4646 benthamidia/florida 27806 11551 Cornus_florida 8700057 COFL2 Cornus%20florida Dogwood Blossoms at Congressional Cemetery.jpg Cornus Big-bract dogwood 668 12 Syncarpea Cornus kousa Hance 1873 Cornus kousa Hance 1830 Cornus japonica DC. nom. illeg. 1836 Benthamia japonica Siebold & Zucc. 1942 Dendrobenthamia japonica Hutch. 1948 Benthamidia japonica H.Hara Flora Novae Angliae treats Cornus kousa as Benthamidia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Hara. Kousa dogwood Kousa big-bract-dogwood Japanese dogwood Introduced temperate Asia Potentially invasive Rarely naturalized 896 X Oran, Nass, Suff COKO2 X- NY only benthamidia/japonica Cornus kousa Dereń Kousa 2015 01.jpg Cornus Cornelian cherry 668 12 Cornus Cornus mas L. 1753 Cornus mas L. 1909 Macrocarpium mas (L.) Nakai Cornelian cherry Cornouiller mâle Introduced temperate Eurasia 894 X Oran, Rock, Suff COMA21 X- NY only 20170313Cornus mas6.jpg