Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/The Tsunami

Tsunami thumb|Energy map of the tsunami from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA The earthquake which was caused by 5 to 8 meters upthrust on 180-km wide seabed at 60 km offshore from the east coast of TōhokuNHK BS News reported 2011-04-03-02:55 JST resulted in a major tsunami which brought destruction along the Pacific Ocean|Pacific coastline of Japan's northern islands and resulted in the loss of thousands of lives and devastated entire towns. The tsunami propagated across the Pacific, and warnings were issued and evacuations carried out. In many countries bordering the Pacific, including the entire Pacific coast of North and South America from Alaska to Chile;http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.2011.03.11.073000 Tsunami bulletin number 3 Pacific Tsunami Warning Center/NOAA/NWS 11 March 2011 11 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xtOkrlRB 12 April 2011 noWire Staff http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/11/tsunami.warning/index.html Tsunami warnings issued for at least 20 countries after quake CNN 11 March 2011 11 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x7ZhqeGg 12 March 2011 no http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.2011.03.11.103059 PTWC warnings complete list 11 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xtOl9IMr 12 April 2011 no however, while the tsunami was felt in many of these places, it caused only relatively minor effects. Chile's section of Pacific coast is one of the furthest from Japan, at about 17,000 km (11,000 mi) away,http://www.mapcrow.info/cgi-bin/cities_distance_airpt2.cgi?city3=-1303908%2CD&city4=-367975%2CS Distance between Dichato, Chile and Sendai, Japan is 17228km Mapcrow.info 23 October 2007 15 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2MyHOLX 18 April 2011 no but still was struck by tsunami waves 2 m (6.6 ft) high.Attwood James http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-12/chile-maintains-tsunami-warning-no-major-damage-reported-1-.html Chile Lifts Tsunami Alerts After Japan Quake Spawns Waves Bloomberg 15 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x9TDnE6z 13 March 2011 nohttp://www.publimetro.cl/nota/mundo/marejadas-ingresaron-entre-70-y-100-metros-en-varias-zonas-del-pais/xIQkcl!9ReTs79Sw66U/ Chilean site: (Tsunami) waves penetrated 70–100 m in different parts of the country Publimetro.cl 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x8nBYA6I 12 March 2011 no A wave height of 38.9 meters (128 ft) was estimated at Omoe peninsula, Miyako city, Iwate prefecture. name="yomiuri" Japanese authorities issue warning The tsunami warning issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency was the most serious on its warning scale; it rated as a "major tsunami", being at least 3 m (9.8 ft) high.Tsunami Warning System information, Japan Meteorological Agency http://www.webcitation.org/5y2MyfVnC 18 April 2011 The actual height predicted varied, the greatest being for Miyagi at 10 m (33 ft) high.http://www.jma.go.jp/en/tsunami/info_04_20110311145026.html Tsunami Information (Estimated Tsunami arrival time and Height) 11 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2Myu8dF 18 April 2011 no The tsunami inundated a total area of approximately 500 square miles, all of it in Japan.NHK, "Tsunami floods 500 sq km", 26 March 2011. thumb|left|Water column height DART Station, 690 NM Southeast of Tokyo The earthquake took place at 14:46 JST around 67 km (42 mi) from the nearest point on Japan's coastline, and initial estimates indicated the tsunami would have taken 10 to 30 minutes to reach the areas first affected, and then areas farther north and south based on the geography of the coastline.One estimate of 10–15 minutes came from German seismologist Rainer Kind of the Helmholtz Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, as interviewed in Japan's tsunami victims only had 15 minutes warning, Deutsche Welle, 12 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2MzHfxC 18 April 2011Alternative estimate Another estimate of 15–30 minutes came from Vasily V. Titov, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Tsunami Research, as reported in Japan tsunami: Toll could rise to more than 1,300, NDTV-hosted copy of an article by Martin Fackler, The New York Times, March 12, 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2MzspxQ 18 April 2011 Just over an hour after the earthquake at 15:55 JST, a tsunami was observed flooding Sendai Airport, which is located near the coast of Miyagi Prefecture,http://avherald.com/h?article=43928907&opt=0 News: Tsunami rolls through Pacific, Sendai Airport under water, Tokyo Narita closed, Pacific region airports endangered Avherald.com 6 July 2001 11 March 2011http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20110311p2g00m0dm056000c.html 10-meter tsunami observed in area near Sendai in Miyagi Pref 11 March 2011 The Mainichi Daily News 11 March 2011 with waves sweeping away cars and planes and flooding various buildings as they traveled inland.http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/r0/high.asx World English 12 March 2011 12 March 2011 NHK http://www.webcitation.org/5y2N15e9F 18 April 2011 nohttp://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/japan-on-tsunami-alert-after-another-quake/story-e6frf7jo-1226019884379 Japan 8.9-magnitude earthquake sparks massive tsunami Herald Sun Associated Press 11 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2N2qupV 18 April 2011 no The impact of the tsunami in and around Sendai Airport was filmed by an NHK News helicopter, showing a number of vehicles on local roads trying to escape the approaching wave and being engulfed by it.NHK News, ~16:00 JST. A 4 m high tsunami hit Iwate Prefecture.http://www.en.rian.ru/natural/20110311/162955012.html Earthquake, tsunami wreak havoc in Japan 11 March 2011 rian.ru 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2N3oO2o 18 April 2011 no Parts of Sendai was also particularly hard hit."Earthquake", Japan Times, 19 March 2011, p. 16. At least 101 designated tsunami evacuation sites were hit by the wave.Kyodo News, "Tsunami hit more than 100 designated evacuation sites", Japan Times, 14 April 2011, p. 1. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2N6jIhi 18 April 2011 More damaging than the earthquake Like the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the damage by surging water, though much more localized, was far more deadly and destructive than the actual quake. There were reports of entire towns destroyed from tsunami-hit areas in Japan, including 9,500 missing in Minamisanriku, Miyagi|Minamisanriku;http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/77165.html 9,500 unaccounted for in Miyagi's Minamisanriku: local gov't Kyodo News 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xVaNHwLr 27 March 2011 one thousand bodies had been recovered in the town by 14 March 2011.Kyodo News, "2,000 more added to death toll in Miyagi", Japan Times, 15 March 2011, p. 1. http://www.webcitation.org/5xCShPBai 15 March 2011 Among several factors causing the high death toll from the tsunami, one was the unexpectedly large size of the water surge. The tsunami walls at several of the affected cities were based on much smaller tsunami heights. Also, many people caught in the tsunami thought that they were located on high enough ground to be safe.Watts, Jonathan, "Quake survivors search for hope and shelter", Japan Times, 26 March 2011, p. 13. thumb|left|Tsunami flooding on the Sendai Airport runway Kuji and Ōfunato were almost entirely destroyedTritten, Travis, J., and T. D. Flack, "U.S. rescue teams find devastation in northern city of Ofunato", Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes, 15 March 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5xDIVD5tm 15 March 2011http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110312004789.htm Whole towns gone-no cars or people seen Yomiuri 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2N7iOj8 18 April 2011 no Also destroyed was Rikuzentakata, Iwate|Rikuzentakata, where the tsunami was reportedly three stories high.Staff Reporter (12 March 2011) "Wiped off the map: The moment apocalyptic tsunami waves drown a sleepy coast town". www.dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 12 March 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2N8XJ2a 18 April 2011"Honderden doden in Japanse kuststad (Hundreds dead in Japanese coastal town)" (in Dutch). www.rtlnieuws.nl. Retrieved 12 March 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2N8ymQH 18 April 2011http://www.nst.com.my/nst/articles/Japanarmysays300-400bodiesfoundinRikuzentakata_Report/Article/ Japan army says 300–400 bodies found in Rikuzentakata: Report Nst.com.my 3 February 2011 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2eWPcEX 18 April 2011 no Other cities reportedly destroyed or heavily damaged by the tsunami include Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi, Miyako, Iwate|Miyako, Ōtsuchi, Iwate|Ōtsuchi, and Yamada, Iwate|Yamada (in Iwate Prefecture), Namie, Fukushima|Namie, Sōma, Fukushima|Sōma and Minamisōma, Fukushima|Minamisōma (in Fukushima Prefecture) and Shichigahama, Miyagi|Shichigahama, Higashimatsushima, Miyagi|Higashimatsushima, Onagawa, Miyagi|Onagawa, Natori, Miyagi|Natori, Ishinomaki, Miyagi|Ishinomaki, and Kesennuma, Miyagi|Kesennuma (in Miyagi Prefecture).Martin, Alex, "JET post best, not 'pityfest'", Japan Times, 7 April 2011, p. 3. http://www.webcitation.org/5xkhJ6kRS 6 April 2011Kyodo News, "Miyagi coastal whaling port pulverized, little more than memory", Japan Times, 18 March 2011, p. 3. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aFTxnf 18 April 2011Kyodo News, "Deaths, people missing set to top 1,600: Edano", Japan Times, 13 March 2011.Kyodo News, "Survivors in trauma after life-changing nightmare day", Japan Times, 13 March 2011, p. 2.Kyodo News, "Death toll may surpass 10,000 in Miyagi", Japan Times, 14 March 2011, p. 1. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aGCWAy 18 April 2011Alabaster, Jay, and Todd Pitman, (Associated Press), "Hardships, suffering in earthquake zone", Japan Times, 15 March 2011, p. 3. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aGzEyZ 18 April 2011Gihooly, Rob, "'Nothing can prepare you to witness this', Japan Times, 20 March 2011, p. 7. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aHpdWK 18 April 2011 Most destruction occurred within one hour The most severe effects of the tsunami were felt along a 670-km (420 mi)-long stretch of coastline from Erimo, Hokkaido|Erimo in the north to Ōarai in the south, with most of the destruction in that area occurring in the hour following the earthquake.Tsunami Slams Japan After Record Earthquake, Killing Hundreds, 11 March (Bloomberg), San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 14 March 2011. Near Ōarai, people captured images of a huge whirlpool that had been generated by the tsunami.http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/8385237/Japan-disaster-30-powerful-images-of-the-earthquake-and-tsunami.html?image=4 The Daily Telegraph Japan disaster: 30 powerful images of the earthquake and tsunami http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aIu9yT 18 April 2011 no London The tsunami washed away the sole bridge to Miyatojima, Miyagi, isolating the island's 900 residents.Kyodo News, "Survivors on cut-off isle were ready for disaster", Japan Times, 19 March 2011, p. 2. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aJdpV4 18 April 2011 A two meter high tsunami hit Chiba Prefecture about 2 1/2 hours after the quake, causing heavy damage to cities such as Asahi, Chiba|Asahi.Fukue, Natsuko, "Tsunami came late to unprepared Chiba", Japan Times, 30 March 2011, p. 2. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aKHwIL 18 April 2011 JMA reports On 13 March 2011, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) published details of tsunami observations recorded around the coastline of Japan following the earthquake. These observations included tsunami maximum readings of over 3 m (9.8 ft) at the following locations and times on 11 March 2011, following the earthquake at 14:46 JST:Tsunami Information NUMBER 64 (Tsunami Observation), Japan Meteorological Agency, issued 18:05 JST 13 March 2011, Retrieved 14 March 2011. The Iwate Kamaishi-oki reading was obtained by GPS wave meter. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aL5KwV 18 April 2011 15:12 JST – off Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi – 6.8 m (22 ft) 15:15 JST – Ōfunato – 3.2 m (10 ft) or higher 15:20 JST – Ishinomaki, Miyagi|Ishinomaki-shi Ayukawa – 3.3 m (11 ft) or higher 15:21 JST – Miyako, Iwate|Miyako – 4.0 m (13.1 ft) or higher 15:21 JST – Kamaishi – 4.1 m (13 ft) or higher 15:44 JST – Erimo, Hokkaidō|Erimo-cho Shoya – 3.5 m (11 ft) 15:50 JST – Sōma, Fukushima|Sōma – 7.3 m (24 ft) or higher 16:52 JST – Ōarai – 4.2 m (14 ft) These readings were obtained from recording stations maintained by the JMA around the coastline of Japan. Many areas were also affected by waves of 1 to 3 meters (3.3 to 9.8 ft) in height, and the JMA bulletin also included the caveat that "At some parts of the coasts, tsunamis may be higher than those observed at the observation sites." The timing of the earliest recorded tsunami maximum readings ranged from 15:12 to 15:21, between 26 and 35 minutes after the earthquake had struck. The bulletin also included initial tsunami observation details, as well as more detailed maps for the coastlines affected by the tsunami waves.Tsunami Information NUMBER 64 (Tsunami Observation), Japan Meteorological Agency, issued 18:05 JST 13 March 2011, Retrieved 14 March 2011. (Tohoku district.) http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aLTaiJ 18 April 2011Tsunami Information NUMBER 64 (Tsunami Observation), Japan Meteorological Agency, issued 18:05 JST 13 March 2011, Retrieved 14 March 2011. (Kanto/Chubu district.) http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aLo8ue 18 April 2011 PARI reports On 23 March 2011, Port and Airport Research Institute reported tsunami height by visiting the port sites or by telemetry from offshore as follows:http://www.pari.go.jp/information/20110311/p20110323.html 東北地方の港湾における被災状況について(現地調査速報)(平成23年東北地方太平洋沖地震) 23 March 2011 Port and Airport Research Institute (:ja:港湾空港技術研究所 港湾空港技術研究所) Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan Japanese The situation of damage of ports in Tohoku region (site survey)(2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami) 28 March 2011http://www.pari.go.jp/information/20110311/p20110323-3.pdf Japanese 別紙2：各港の調査状況について (PDF/608KB) 23 March 2011 Port and Airport Research Institute (:ja:港湾空港技術研究所 港湾空港技術研究所) Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan Attachment 2: Site survey of Site Tsunami height on each port (PDF/608KB) PDF 28 March 2011 thumb|NOAA animation of the tsunami's propagation Port of Hachinohe – 5–6 m (16–19 ft) Port of Hachinohe area – 8–9 m (26–29 ft) Port of Kuji, Iwate|Kuji – 8–9 m (26–29 ft) Mooring (watercraft)|Mooring GPS wave height meter at offshore of central Iwate Prefecture|Iwate (Miyako, Iwate|Miyako) – 6 m (20 ft) Port of Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi – 7–9 m (23–30 ft) Mooring GPS wave height meter at offshore of southern Iwate Prefecture|Iwate (Kamaishi, Iwate|Kamaishi) – 6.5 m (22 ft) Port of Ōfunato, Iwate|Ōfunato – 9.5 m (31 ft) Run up height, port of Ōfunato, Iwate|Ōfunato area – 24 m (79 ft) Mooring GPS wave height meter at offshore of northern Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi – 5.6 m (18 ft) Fishery port of Onagawa, Miyagi|Onagawa – 15 m (50 ft) Port of Ishinomaki, Miyagi|Ishinomaki – 5 m (16 ft) Mooring GPS wave height meter at offshore of central Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi – could not measure Shiogama section of Shiogama, Miyagi|Shiogama-Sendai port – 4 m (13 ft) Sendai section of Shiogama-Sendai port – 8 m (26 ft) Sendai Airport area – 12 m (39 ft) Universities report A joint research team from Yokohama National University and the University of Tokyo also reported that the tsunami at Ryōri Bay (綾里白浜), Ōfunato was about 30 m high. They found fishing equipment scattered on the high cliff above the bay.Researchers: 30-meter tsunami in Ofunato http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/30_03.html NHK 29 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xgge4dkh 4 April 2011 no At Tarō, Iwate, a University of Tokyo researcher reported an estimated tsunami height of 37.9 m (124 ft) reached the slope of a mountain some 200 m (656 ft) away from the coastline.http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/04/82888.html Kyodo News 2011-04-03 38-meter-high tsunami triggered by March 11 quake: survey Also, at slope of nearby mountain from 400 m (1,312 ft) Aneyoshi fishery port (姉吉漁港) of Omoe peninsula (重茂半島) in Miyako, Iwate, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology found estimated tsunami run up height of 38.9 m (127 ft). This height is deemed the record in Japan historically, as of reporting date, that exceeds 38.2 m (125 ft) from the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake.http://outreach.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/eqvolc/201103_tohoku/#koboriuchi 宮古市田老小堀内漁港での津波遡上高 3 April 2011 Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo Japanese Tunami run up height at Miyako city, Taro Koborinai fishing port 4 April 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aNqnv8 18 April 2011 no External links Elsewhere across the Pacific thumb|right|A Bonin Petrel, trapped in the sand on Midway Atoll by the tsunami, before being rescued. Shortly after the earthquake, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in Hawaii issued tsunami watches and warnings for locations in the Pacific. At 07:30 UTC, PTWC issued a widespread tsunami warning covering the entire Pacific Ocean.http://www.staradvertiser.com/news/breaking/117783848.html Evacuate all coastal areas immediately, Hawaii Civil Defense says 11 March 2011 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aNwJDv 18 April 2011 nohttp://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/tsunami_msgs/HEBTSUPAC.201103110932 Text of PTWC Pacific-wide tsunami warning 13 March 2011 11 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aPN3r1 18 April 2011 no Russia evacuated 11,000 residents from coastal areas of the Kuril Islands.CP Google Tsunami from Japanese quake prompts evacuation of 11,000 residents on Russia's Pacific islands http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jMyXHn6-Zf70Nko_mlrnCh8hmaNA 13 March 2011 The Associated Press 11 March 2011 The United States West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami warning for the coastal areas of most of California, all of Oregon, and the western part of Alaska, and a tsunami advisory covering the Pacific coastlines of most of Alaska, and all of Washington state|Washington and British Columbia, Canada.Tsunami Warning and Advisory #7 issued 03/11/2011 at 3:39 am PST http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/2011/03/11/lhvpd9/07/messagelhvpd9-07.htm 11 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aPSHnh 18 April 2011 nohttp://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/03/11/tsunami-warnings-bc.html?ref=rss B.C. tsunami threat passes CBC.ca 11 March 2011 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aPYw8r 18 April 2011 no In California and Oregon, up to 2.4 m (8 ft) high tsunami surges hit some areas, damaging docks and harbors and causing over US$10 million of damage.Helen Jung and Jeff Manning, "Waves bring destruction to Oregon's south coast", The Oregonian, 12 March 2011, p. 1+ Surges of up to 1 m (3.3 ft) hit Vancouver Island in Canada prompting some evacuations, and causing boats to be banned from the waters surrounding the island for 12 hours following the wave strike, leaving many island residents in the area without means of getting to work.Twilight tsunami evacuation. Courier Mail (2011-03-14). Retrieved on 2011-04-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aPvqSQ 18 April 2011Girl, Bowen. (2011-03-16) Diary of a Bowen girl: Japan. Redactedperpolicycom. Retrieved on 2011-04-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aQqch0 18 April 2011 thumb|left|Fishing boats moved to higher ground in anticipation of tsunami arrival, in Pichilemu, Chile In the Philippines, waves up to 0.5 m (1.6 ft) high hit the eastern seaboard of the country. Some houses along the coast in Jayapura, Indonesia were destroyed.http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/03/12/tsunami-destroys-houses-jayapura.html Tsunami destroys houses in Jayapura The Jakarta Post 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5x8nZ4NKe 12 March 2011 no Authorities in Wewak, East Sepik, Papua New Guinea evacuated 100 patients from the city's Boram Hospital before it was hit by the waves, causing an estimated US$4 million in damages.PNG's Wewak hospital damaged by tsunami waves http://www.radioaustralianews.net.au/story.htm?id=38078 Australia Broadcasting Corporation 16 March 2011 17 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aR4SvC 18 April 2011 no Hawaii estimated damage to public infrastructure alone at US$3 million, with damage to private properties, including resort hotels such as Four Seasons Resort Hualalai, estimated at tens of millions of dollars.Nakaso, Dan (14 March 2011)Tsunami damage estimate for Hawaii now tens of millions Star Advertiser. Retrieved 15 March 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5xCXcRJTq 15 March 2011 It was reported that a 1.5 m (5 ft) high wave completely submerged Midway Atoll|Midway Atoll's reef inlets and Spit Island, killing more than 110,000 nesting seabirds at the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge.Tsunami washes away feathered victims west of Hawaii http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/03/18/tsunami.birds.deaths/?hpt=C2 CNN 19 March 2011 19 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aSZldy 18 April 2011 no Some other South Pacific countries, including Tonga and New Zealand, and U.S. territories American Samoa and Guam, experienced larger-than-normal waves, but did not report any major damage.http://www.staradvertiser.com/news/breaking/117828543.html# South Pacific islands hit by tsunami swells 11 March 2011 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aT3dXN 18 April 2011 no However in Guam some roads were closed off and people were evacuated from low-lying areas.Tsunami Warning For Guam Extended Until 11 p.m. Pacificnewscenter.com (2011-03-11). Retrieved on 2011-04-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aTpgDk 18 April 2011 Along the Pacific Coast of Mexico and South America, tsunami surges were reported, but in most places caused little or no damage.Minor damage in Latin America by Japan's tsunami, channelnewsasia.com, 13 March 2011 Peru reported a wave of 1.5 m (5 ft) and more than 300 homes damaged. The surge in Chile was large enough to damage more than 200 houses,(Spanish) Más de 200 casas dañadas dejó seguidilla de olas. ANSA Latina. 03/13/2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aUajHQ 18 April 2011 with waves of up to 3 m (9.8 ft).(Spanish) Caldera: 80 viviendas resultaron destruidas en Puerto Viejo por efecto de las olas. Radio Bio-Bio. 3/12/2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aVG5Xu 18 April 2011(Spanish) Más de 200 casas dañadas dejó seguidilla de olas que azotaron las costas chilenas La Tercera. 3/12/2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aVuHGY 18 April 2011 In the Galapagos Islands, 260 families received assistance following a 3 m (9.8 ft) surge which arrived 20 hours after the earthquake, after the tsunami warning had been lifted.Gareth Morgan's Galapagos hotel destroyed by tsunami http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/gareth-morgans-galapagos-hotel-destroyed-tsunami-ck-88155 17 March 2011 The National Business Review 13 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5xDmAc8LQ 16 March 2011 noEcuador Sends Aid To Galapagos After Islands Hit By Tsunami From Japan http://latindispatch.com/2011/03/15/ecuador-sends-aid-to-galapagos-after-islands-hit-by-tsunami-from-japan/ 17 March 2011 LATIN AMERICA NEWS DISPATCH 15 March 2011 http://www.webcitation.org/5y2aXFEsJ 18 April 2011 no There was a great deal of damage to buildings on the islands and one man was injured but there were no reported fatalities.Tsunami Aftermath in Galapagos: Update from CDRS' Director Dr. J. Gabriel Lopez. Galapagos.org. Retrieved on 2011-04-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5xCKVxpDE 15 March 2011Gareth Morgan's Galapagos hotel destroyed by tsunami|The National Business Review. Nbr.co.nz. Retrieved on 2011-04-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5xDmAc8LQ 16 March 2011 References