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Polish/Declension

Reference material by Wikibooks contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.

Declension in Polish is the process of changing the form of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals according to their grammatical function in a sentence. Polish has seven grammatical cases: Case Polish Name Main Question Example (kot – cat) Nominative Mianownik kto? co? kot Genitive Dopełniacz kogo? czego? kota Dative Celownik komu? czemu? kotu Accusative Biernik kogo? co? kota Instrumental Narzędnik z kim? z czym? kotem Locative Miejscownik o kim? o czym? kocie Vocative Wołacz o! hej! kocie Declension depends on: Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) Number (singular or plural) Case Sometimes animacy and virility Example Noun Declension Masculine Noun: kot (cat) Case Singular Plural Nominative kot koty Genitive kota kotów Dative kotu kotom Accusative kota koty Instrumental kotem kotami Locative kocie kotach Vocative kocie koty Feminine Noun: kobieta (woman) Case Singular Plural Nominative kobieta kobiety Genitive kobiety kobiet Dative kobiecie kobietom Accusative kobietę kobiety Instrumental kobietą kobietami Locative kobiecie kobietach Vocative kobieto kobiety Neuter Noun: dziecko (child) Case Singular Plural Nominative dziecko dzieci Genitive dziecka dzieci Dative dziecku dzieciom Accusative dziecko dzieci Instrumental dzieckiem dziećmi Locative dziecku dzieciach Vocative dziecko dzieci Adjective Declension Adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case. Example: dobry (good) Case Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative dobry dobra dobre Genitive dobrego dobrej dobrego Dative dobremu dobrej dobremu Accusative dobry / dobrego dobrą dobre Instrumental dobrym dobrą dobrym Locative dobrym dobrej dobrym Vocative dobry dobra dobre