Na'vi/English–Na'vi dictionary

__NOTOC__ Na'vi/English–Na'vi dictionary/Print version the English–Naʼvi dictionaryThis vocabulary is a simple list of the English glosses in the Naʼvi–English dictionary. Multiple senses of words, which are often ambiguous in English but not in Naʼvi, may be distinguished as (n) noun, (v) verb, (adj) adjective, (adv) adverb, (trans) transitive, (intrans) intransitive. A few Terran animals are given approximate Pandoran equivalents. Exclamations which cannot be easily translated are listed at the end. Stressed syllables are bold. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z • Discourse particles A abandon: txìng able: tsusun. be able: tsun about: concerning: teri, -ìri. about to: ‹ìy›. above: io. from above: taʼem. across: ka action: kem add: sung afar: alìm afraid: be afraid: txopu si after (time) maw. afterwards: mawkrr. right after: pximaw. afternoon: haʼngir, (late) kaym again: nìmun against, counter to: wä+ aged: koak ago: just a moment ago: pxiswawam. Thursday two weeks ago: mesrrmrrvam. agree: mllte agreement: come to an agreement: molte aim: (v) kan. (n) tìkan. air: ya alala!: ìley! alien: (n) ketuwong. (adj) kewong. alike: teng alive: rusey. be alive: rey. all: all of (it, you, them): nìwotx. all the time / at all times: frakrr. not at all: ke ... kawʼit. allow: tung almost: stum alone (of a person) nìʼawtu along: ìlä+, ìlä+ also: kop, nìteng although: hufwa always: frakrr am: lu amazing (be amazing) wou (slang) among: kip amount: hìmtxan. (small) ʼit. ancestor: pizayu and: (between phrases) sì. (between clauses) ulte. and you?: nga tut? anger: (v) steyki. (n) tìsti. angry: be angry: sti. angrily: nìsti. animal: ioang another one: lapo answer: (v) ʼeyng, ting tìʼeyngit. (n) tìʼeyng. in answer: nìʼeyng. apart, divided: keʼaw apologize: tsapʼalute si apology: tsapʼalute apparently: tatlam appear: lam appearance (look) tìlam appetizing: pxasul approach: lok are: lu. aren't they?: kefya srak? kefyak? arm: pxun. (pair of) arms: mepun. around (spatial) pxaw arrival: tìpähem arrive: pähem, pate arrow: swizaw art: tseo. (visual) reltseo. ? artifact: tìngop artist (visual) reltseotu as (like) na, pxel, nì-. (the same way as) tengfya. (as for) -ìri. aside: step/move aside: (give way) tìng tseng. (move) rikx. ask: pawm ass (rear end) txìm assist: srung si assistance: srung at: ro+ attack (v) ʼeko attempt (v) fmi attention: pay attention: eltu si auspicious: etrìp avatar: uniltìrantokx await: pey awake: txen aware: be aware, be in tune: kame away: (direction) neto. (position) mìso. B baby: prrnen back: (of body) txal. (rear part) käpxì. (direction) neʼìm. (in response) nìʼeyng. come back, go back, return: tätxaw. move back, step aside: rikx. to back down: tìng tseng bad (adj) fe' , kawng (very bad, evil, wicked) badge: pätsì balance of life: reyʼeng ball: rum banshee (flying mount) ikran barricade, barrier: ekxan bat (animal, approx.) riti bathe (wash oneself) yäpur battle group: wempongu brave: tstew be (am, is, are): lu. be at, occupy a space: tok. beat (n) ʼekong beautiful: (of people) sevin. (of things; pleasant to the senses) lor beauty (of things) tìlor because: (for that reason) taluna (talun), alunta. (due to that cause) taweyka (taweyk), aweykta. because of that: tafral. become: slu before: (time) sre+. (beforehand) srekrr. (in front of) eo. just before, right before (time) pxisre+. begin: (intrans.) sngäʼi. (begin something) sngeykäʼi. beginning: sngäʼikrr behind: uo. leave behind: txìng. believe: spaw beloved (adj.) yawne. (loved one) yawnetu, yawntu below: äo best: (adj) swey. (adv) nìswey. betray: kavuk si betrayal: kavuk between: mìkam big (in size or stature) tsawl. get big (grow): tsawl slu. bind: yìm bird: yayo bit: a bit: (n) ʼit. (adv) nìʼit. bite: frìp bitter: syäʼä black: layon bless: be blessed: Nawma Saʼnok lrrtok si [with dative] blind: kakrel blood: reypay bloom, blossom (v) ʼong blow, strike (n) tìtakuk blue, green: ean. in blue: nìean. body: tokx bond: (neural connection) tsaheylu. (establish a neural connection) tsaheyl si. book: puk boom! (sound of thunder) kxangangang border: pxawpa bottom: kllpa bow (weapon) tsko. bow and arrow: tsko swizaw. brain: eltu brainworm (hallucinogenic) eltungawng branch (of a tree) vul brave: tstew. brave person, hero: txantstew. bread (approx.) tsyosyu brief (adj) yol bring: (take to a place) munge. (bring here) zamunge. broken: fwel brother: (sibling) tsmuk, tsmuktu. (male) tsmukan. bud (n) prrnesyul bug: hìʼang build (v) txula building (a thing built): tìtxula bulk (the major part) txampxì bull (approx.) talioang burn (v) nekx but: (basic sense) slä. (however) ngian. (except) mungwrr, -mungwrr. butt (rear end) txìm by, along: ìlä+, ìlä+ C call (v) syaw calm: mawey. calmly: nìmwey. camp: (n) ʼawm. (v) tìʼawm si. camping: tìʼawm can, be able: tsun captive: speʼetu capture: speʼe careful: be careful: nari si carry, bring: munge case: in that case: ha catch (v) stäʼnì cattle (approx.) talioang cause: (reason, source) oeyk. (produce) sleyku. ceaselessly: nìlkeftang celebration: ftxozä center (n) kxamtseng ceremonious: ʼeoio. ceremoniously: nìʼeoio. certain: law challenge (ceremonial) fpeio chance, opportunity: skxom change (intransitive) latem. (change something) leykatem. charge: (running attack) kxll. (to attack) kxll si. be in charge, be responsible: kllfroʼ. chase (v) fewi chat: (v) pängkxo. (n) tìpängkxo check (v) steftxaw child: ʼeveng. (kid) ʼevi. chin: tsuksìm choice: tìftxey choose: ftxey circumference: pxawpa clan: oloʼ clan leader: oloʼeyktan clean: laro clear, certain: law clearly: nìlaw, nìfyaʼo alaw clever: (person) kanu. (idea, plan) sìlronsem. cliff: ʼawkx close (v) tstu si close (adj): (be close to) lok. (close by) asim. closed: tstu club (weapon) txewk cold: wew. I feel cold: oe ʼefu wew. colleague: lertu color: ʼopin come: zaʼu. come back, go back: tätxaw. common: (ordinary) letrrtrr. commune: tireapängkxo comparatively: to complete: ʼänsyem completely: nìwotx comprehension tìtslam computer: eltu lefngap concerning: teri, -ìri conclude (end) ʼiʼa conclusion (end) tìʼiʼa congratulations!: aylrrtok ngaru connect with (establish a neural connection) tsaheyl si connection (neural) tsaheylu constantly: nìlkeftang, nìtut construct (v) txula construction: tìtxula (activity or object) consume: nekx continually: nìtut, nìlkeftang continuation: tìtut conversation: tìpängkxo converse: pängkxo convey, take: munge cook (v) ʼem cord (chord? musical?) telem correct (adj) eyawr correctness: tìyawr counter to, against: wä+ cover, lid: lew. to cover: lew si. cow (approx.) talioang crazy, insane: lekyeʼung create: ngop creation: tìngop creator: ngopyu creature: swirä crossbow: tskalep cry (weep) tsngawvìk cup (n) tsngal cut (v) munʼi D daddy: sempu daily: (adv) fratrr. (adj) letrr. dance (v) srew danger: hrrap dangerous: lehrrap dark: vawm darkness: tìvawm daughter: ʼite dawn (nautical twilight, enough light to navigate) trrʼong. (just before dawn, astronomical twilight, stars disappearing) sresrrʼong. (just after dawn, civil twilight, bright enough to work) trrʼongmaw. day: trr. Good day!: trr lefpom. dead (adj) kerusey death: (Death, abstract) tìterkup. (of an individual) kxitx. decide: peʼun decision: tìpeʼun deed (n) kem defeat: be defeated (fall) zup deer (approx.) yerik defend: zong delicious: lor demon: vrrtep depart: hum descend: kllkä destroy: skaʼa destruction: tìskaʼa die: terkup difference: tìketeng different: keteng dig up: kllkulat dim-witted: snumìna dinner: wutso dip into liquid: (n) yemfpay. (v) yemfpay si. direhorse: paʼli dirty: tsewtx discover: run discuss: pängkxo discussion: tìpängkxo distant: (be distant) lìm. (at a distance) alìm. dive (v) tawng divided: keʼaw do: si. (suffice) tam. 'that will do': tam tam. doctor (title) toktor dog (approx.) nantang done: hasey don't!: räʼä dozen: vosìng. two dozen (octal: 30) pxevol down: downward: nekll. 'Get down!': ne kllte!. 'You're going down!': ngeyä kxetse lu oeru! dragon (approx.) toruk draw: (illustrate) weyn. (pull) zaʼärìp. dream (n) unil Dream Hunt: Uniltaron dreamwalker: uniltìranyu drink (v) näk drive out: kurakx drop: (v.trans) tungzup. (fall) zup. drum (made of skin) au dry: ukxo dull (of a blade) tete dunk: (n) yemfpay. (v) yemfpay si. during: krr a, a krr, etc. dusk (nautical twilight, enough light to navigate) txonʼong. (just before dusk, civil twilight, still enough light to work) sretonʼong. (just after dusk, astronomical twilight, stars appearing) txonʼongmaw. dwell: kelku si E ear: mikyun. (pair of) ears: memikyun. Earth: ʼRrta. Earth Day: Trr ʼRrtayä. easily: nìftue easy: ftue eat: yom edge (perimeter) pxawpa eh?: ko eight (octal: 10) vol. (human digit '8') ʼeyt. eighteen (octal: 22) mevomun eighteenth (number eighteen) mevomuve eighth (number eight) volve eighty (exact; octal: 120) zam mevol. either: either A or B: A, B, ke tsranten. elbow: pxuntil eleven (octal: 13) vopey eleventh (number eleven) vopeyve else: or else: txokefyaw. someone else, something else: lapo. encounter (v) ultxarun end: (v) ʼiʼa. (n) tìʼiʼa. ending: tìʼiʼa enemy: kxutu English: ʼÌnglìsì. in English: nìʼÌnglìsì. enjoyable: mowan. (of an activity) prrteʼ. enough: (adj) letam. (after an adjective) nìtam. (be enough) tam. enter: fpxäkìm equal: teng erect: pxim. (sit) erectly: nìpxim. error: (mistake) kxeyey. (incorrectness) tìkxey. especially: nìpxi even: (level) ʼengeng. (adv) keng. not even once: ke keng ʼawlo. [stress?] even so: tsalsungay. evening: (dusk) txonʼong. (late afternoon) kaym. every: fra-. every day: fratrr. every night: fratxon. everyone: frapo. everything: fraʼu. everywhere: fratseng. every time: fralo. everyday, ordinary: letrrtrr evil (adj) kawng. (n) tìkawng. examine, check: steftxaw example (n) tìkenong. be an example: kenong. excellent: txantsan except: mungwrr excess (overabundance) hawng excessive: lehawng. excessively: nìhawng. exercise, practice (n) tskxekeng explain, explain why: oeyktìng explanation: tìoeyktìng explode: pxor expression (phrase) lìʼfyavi eye: nari. eyes (2, of person) menari, (4, of horse, banshee) aynari. F face: key fair: muiä fall (v) zup false: tsleng family: soaia far: (be far) lìm. (far away) alìm. fascinating (be fascinating) wou (slang) fast: (quick) win. (quickly) nìwin. fasten: yän fate: syay father: sempul favorable: etrìp fear: (n) txopu. (v) txopu si. feed: yomtìng feel: ʼefu feeling: tìʼefu female (person) tute few: hol field (open terrain) txayo fifteen (octal: 17) vohin fifteenth (number fifteen) vohive fifth (number five) mrrve fifty (exact; octal: 62) puvolmune, (approx.) puvol fight (n) wem fill (v) teya si final: syen find (v) run finger: zekwä finished: hasey fire: txep first: ʼawve, nìʼawve fish (n) payoang five: mrr. five hundred (approx.) vozam. five thousand (approx.) zazam. [stress?] flesh: vey floating mountains: iknimaya flour: tsyo flower: syulang. (blue sp.) seze. fly (v) tswayon foe: kxutu follow: (proceed after) nong. (track) sutx. (travel along) kä/zaʼu ìlä. food: syuve. (vegetable) fkxen. (animal) vey. (meat) tsngan. (from flour) tsyosyu. foot: venu. (pair of) feet: mevenu. for (for the sake of) fpi+ forbidden: kxanì forest: naʼrìng forever: (until the end of time) tìʼiʼavay krrä. (incessantly) nìlkeftang. forget: tswaʼ forgive: forgive me: ngaytxoa forgiveness: txoa formal: skepek former: spuwin fortunate: be fortunate: Nawma Saʼnok lrrtok si [with dative] fortune: aylrrtok (from Eywa) forty (exact; octal: 50) mrrvol foul (taste or smell) väʼ. (do wrong) tìkxey si four: tsìng. four hundred (approx.) puzam. four thousand (approx.) zazam. fourteen (octal: 16) vofu fourteenth (number fourteen) vofuve fourth (number four) tsìve freckle (bioluminescent) tanhì fresh (appealing as food) pxasul Friday (Earth calendar) trrpuve friend: ʼeylan friendship: tìʼeylan from: ta. (direction) ftu. from above: taʼem. from among: takip. from up among: tafkip. front (part or section) zapxì. in front of: eo. full: teya fungus: spxam funny (odd) hiyìk future: zusawkrr G game: uvan garbage: sngel. garbage dump: sngeltseng. get: (receive) tel. (understand) tslam. Got it!: tslolam. give: tìng. give way: tìng tseng. glad: be glad teya si [with dative] go: (move) kä. (go on, proceed) salew. go after, follow: nong. go down: kllkä. go in: fpxäkìm. go near: lok. goal (target) tìkan God (Gaea): Eywa, Nawma Saʼnok good: sìltsan. (appealing as food) pxasul. goodbye: (farewell) Eywa ngahu. (see you soon) kìyevame good night (sleep well) hivahaw nìmwey. Got it!: tslolam grab: niä grant (v) teswotìng grassroots movement: ngrrpongu great (noble) nawm. (in quantity) txan. great person: nawmtu. Great Leonopteryx (animal like a large banshee) toruk greed: tìtxanew greedy: txanew green, blue: ean. in green: nìean grok: kame ground: kllte group: (of people) pongu. (battle group) wempongu. grow: tsawl slu guest: frrtu guidance: tìfyawìntxu guide: fyawìntxu guideline, rule: koren gunship: kunsìp H hair: nikre (aynikre ?) Hallelujah Mountains: iknimaya halt (v) txey Hammerhead Titanothere (animal like a rhino) ʼangtsìk hand: tsyokx. (pair of) hands: mesyokx. happen: len happiness, peace: fpom; aylrrtok (from Eywa) happy (of occasions) lefpom. (of people) nitram. be happy: ʼefu nitram. happy (celebration) aylrrtok [with dative] hard: txaʼ harm (n) kxu harmless: kxuke harmonious: meʼem harmony: tìmeʼem. (with nature) meoauniaea. hateful: fkay have: lu [with dative] he: po, poan head: reʼo health (physical) fpomtokx healthy: lefpomtokx hear: stawm heart: txeʼlan. with all one's heart: nìftxavang. heavy (weight) kuʼup heed: lek Hellfire Wasp: zizeʼ hello: kaltxì help: (n) srung. (v) srung si. her: (gen) peyä. (acc) pot, poti. (dat) por, poru. (after prep.) po. here: fìtsenge, fìtseng [syll?] hero: txantstew Hexapede (animal like a deer) yerik hey! (anger, annoyance) oìsss! (threat) saa! (warning, frustration) tsa-hey!, wiya! high: kxayl him: (acc) pot, poti. (dat) por, poru. (after prep.) po. hinge: til his: peyä hit, strike (v) takuk hold off (suspend action) fpak home: kelku Hometree: Kelutral [stress?] honor (n) meuia hookah gourd: txllʼu [stress?] hope (v) sìlpey horse (approx.) paʼli hot: som. (to feel that one is hot) ʼefu som. house: kelku how?: pefya?, fyape? how many?: polpxay?, holpxaype? how much?: pìmtxan? hìmtxampe? however: ngian howl (n) nguway human (n) tawtute hundred: (exact, octal: 144) zam tsìvosìng. (approx.) zam fu mezam. two hundred (approx.) : pxezam. five hundred (approx.) vozam hunger: tìohakx hungry: ohakx. be hungry: ʼefu ohakx hunt: (v) taron. (n) tìtaron. hunter: taronyu hurry (be in a hurry) win säpi hurt: (be painful) tìsraw si. (hurt someone or something) tìsraw seyki. I I: oe (we- when inflected). (deferential and ceremonial form) ohe. idea: säfpìl idiot: skxawng if: txo. if not: txokefyaw. illness: (disease) säspxin. (state of being ill) tìspxin. image (n) rel immediately: (right now) pxiset. (very soon) pxiyeʼrìn immerse: yemfpay si immersion: yemfpay important: letsranten. be important: tsranten. impossible: keltsun in: mì+ incessantly: nìlkeftang incorrect: keyawr incorrectness: tìkxey individual (n) ʼawpo individuality (negative connotation) tìʼawpo infant: prrnen inharmonious, divided: keʼaw insane: lekyeʼung insanity: keyeʼung insect (approx.) hìʼang inside: mìfa, mìfa instance: alo instead of: tup instruct: sänume si instruction: sänume insult (n) zoplo intelligence: tìkanu. (understanding) tìtslam. intelligent: kanu. intelligently: nìkanu. interesting (be interesting) eltur tìtxen si interpret: ralpeng into (direction) nemfa intriguing (be intriguing) eltur tìtxen si invention: tìngop is: lu. isn't it? isn't that so?: kefya srak? kefyak? it: (animate) po. (inanimate) tsaʼu ~ tsaw. itch (v) fkxake its: (animate) peyä. (inanimate) tseyä. J jellyfish (aerial, approx) fpxafaw join two things together: ʼawstengyem joint (n) til journey: tìsop joyous (of occassions) lefpom jump (v) spä just: (fair, justified) muiä. (only) nìʼaw. just before: pxisre. just after: pximaw. just now, just a moment ago: ‹ìm›, pxiswawam. in just a moment: ‹ìy›, pxiswaway. K keep up with someone: latsi kid (n) ʼevi kill: (v) tspang. (n) tìtspang kind: (n) fnel. what kind? fnepe, pefnel kiss (v) pom knee: kinamtil knife: tstal know: omum; law lu [with dative]. as is known, as you know: nìawnomum. L lake: ʼora land (n) atxkxe language: lìʼfya large: apxa larva, larvae (sp. beetle larva used for food) teylu last: (final) syen. (previous) ham. last time: alo aham. last night: txonam. last Thursday (Thursday of last week) trrmrrvam. laugh (n) hangham lead (v) eyk leader: eyktan. leader of clan: oloʼeyktan leaf: rìk leafy: lerìk lean (v) tuvon learn: nume leave: (go away) hum. (abandon) txìng. left (side, direction) ftär leg: kinam Leonopteryx (animal like a large banshee) toruk lesson: sänumvi lest: fteke let go: lonu Let's ...!: ... ko level, even: ʼengeng lid: lew life (abstract) tìrey. (living) tìrusey. balance of life: reyʼeng. light (n) atan light (adj), lightweight: syo like (as) na, pxel, nì-. (the same way as) tengfya. like this: fìfya. like that: tsafya. likewise: nìteng lip: seyri liquid: pay listen: tìng mikyun (pron. "tìm mikyun") little (adj) hìʼi. a little: ʼit, nìʼit. live (be alive) rey. (dwell) kelku si. living: (alive) rusey. (being alive) tìrusey. living thing: rusey. location: klltseng lock up: sutx long: (length) ngim. (time) txan. look (v) tìng nari (pron. "tìn nari"). look at: nìn. look for: fwew. look like: lam. (n) tìlam lose: lose track of: tatep. lose oneself (spiritual sense) ʼia. loud: wok love: (n) tìyawn. (v) lu yawne [with dative]. I love you: nga yawne lu oer. loved (adj) yawne. loved one: yawnetu, yawntu low: tìm lung: tsopì. (pair of) lungs: mesopì. M majority: txampxì make: (do) si. (create) ngop. (build) txula. male (person) tutan manner: fyaʼo. in a (certain) manner: nìfyaʼo. mantis (approx.) fwäkì many: pxay marriage: tìmuntxa marry: muntxa si mate (v) muntxa si mated: muntxa mating (n) tìmuntxa matriarch: tsahìk matter: (subject) txele. (be important) tsranten. may, be possible: tsunslu maybe: kxawm me: (acc) oeti (weti). (dat) oeru, oer (weru, wer). (after prep.) oe. meadow: txayo meal (served) wutso meaning: ral meantime: in the meantime: tsakrrvay meanwhile (until then) tsakrrvay meat: tsngan medusa (approx. a large aerial jellyfish) fpxafaw meet: (by chance) ultxarun. have a meeting: ultxa si. meeting: ultxa. have a meeting: ultxa si. memory, remembrance: ʼok mess up: tìkxey si message: ʼupxare metal: fngap metallic: lefngap midday: kxamtrr. (See 'noon'.) middle, midpoint: kxam midnight: kxamtxon mighty: fkew military squad: wempongu mind (n) ronsem mistake: kxeyey. make a mistake: kxeyey si. model (n) kenong moment: swaw. (very short time) hìkrr. just a moment ago: pxiswawam. in just a moment: pxiswaway. mommy: saʼnu Monday (Earth calendar) trrmuve more: nìʼul. (for comparison, use: to.) morning: (daylight before noon) rewon. (dawn) trrʼong. (For early morning, see 'dawn'.) moron: skxawng moss: prrwll most: (adv: use frato). (n) txampxì. mother: saʼnok mountain: floating mountains: iknimaya mouth: kxa move: (shift position) rikx. (move something) ʼärìp. movement (grassroots) ngrrpongu much: (great quantity) txan. (great extent) nìtxan. so much: fìtxan. mushroom (approx.) spxam music: pamtseo musical instrument (stringed) iʼen musician: pamtseotu must: zene. must not: zenke (zengke). don't need to: ke zene. my: oeyä (weyä) My! (encouragement) nang myriad: zazam [stress?] N Naʼvi: (n) tute. (adj) leNaʼvi. in Naʼvi: nìNaʼvi. name (n) tstxo. my name is: oeru syaw .... what is your name?: fyape syaw ngar? near: (be near) sim. (nearby) asim. neck: pewn need: (v) kin. (n) tìkin. do not need to: ke zene necessary: lekin neural connection: tsaheylu never: ke ... kawkrr nevertheless: tsalsungay new: mip news: fmawn next: hay, -ay. next time: alo ahay. next Thursday (Thursday of next week) trrmrrvay night: txon. tonight: fìtxon. last night: txonam. tomorrow night: txonay. Good night!: txon lefpom, (sleep well) hivahaw nìmwey. nine: (octal: 11) volaw. (human digit '9') nayn. nineteen (octal: 23) mevopey nineteenth (number nineteen) mevopeyve ninety (approx.) zam pxevol ninth (number nine) volawve no: No!: kehe. (with a noun: no X) kea, ake. No?: kefya srak, kefyak. No way! (vulgar) pxasìk. No, it can't be! (consternation) au! noble: nawm none: ke ... keʼu, ke ... kawʼit nonetheless: tsalsungay noon: kxamtrr. pre-noon (sun just before zenith) srekamtrr. post-noon (sun just after zenith) kxamtrrmaw. no-one: ke ... kawtu nose: ontu not: ke. not at all, not a bit (adv) ke ... kawʼit. nothing: (pn) ke ... keʼu. nothing at all (adv) ke ... keʼu. noun: tstxolìʼu now: (sentence opener) tse. (at this time) set. until now: vay set. right now: pxiset. Thursday two weeks from now: mesrrmrrvay. number (n) holpxay O O! (address) ma oath: pänu? obey: lek obstruction: ekxan occasion (happy) ftxozä occupy (a space) tok occur: len ocean: txampay odd, strange: hiyìk of: -yä, -ä. (a clan; used in full names) te. (See also 'from'.) offense: zoplo often: pxìm oh! (consternation) au! (poor thing!) keftxo! (exertion) sau! old: (not new) spuwin. (not young) koak. okay: tam, tam tam. ...okay?: ... ko on: mì+. on, onto (?) sìn. once: (in the past) ʼawlie. (not twice) ʼawlo. one: ʼaw. one individual: ʼawpo. one time (once) ʼawlie, ʼawlo. one hundred (approx.) zam fu mezam. one thousand (approx.) mevozam. [stress?] one (pronoun: 'you', 'they') fko only: nìʼaw oomph!: sau! open: (be open) piak. (open something) piak si. opinion: in my opinion: tìʼefumì oeyä opportunity: skxom opposed to: wä optimal: swey. optimally: nìswey. or: fu. or else: txokefyaw. or not: fuke. order: in order to: fte [with subjunctive] ordinary, everyday: letrrtrr other: lahe. other one (person or thing) lapo. to the others: aylaru. otherwise: txokefyaw our (including your) awngeyä, (ay)oengeyä [stress?] our (but not your) (ay)oeyä (weyä, ayweyä) out there: käsatseng outside: wrrpa overabundance: hawng P pain: tìsraw painful: sraw. be painful: tìsraw si Pandora: Eywaʼeveng panther (approx.) palulukan part (n) hapxì party (group of people) pongu pass (a test) emzaʼu. (pass by something) ftem. passionate: ftxavang passionately: nìftxavang past: the past: ftawnemkrr pasta (approx.) tsyosyu path: fyaʼo patience: tìmweypey patient (adj) lemweypey. be patient: maweypey. patiently: nìmweypey. a patient person: maweypeyyu. pattern (n) renu pay attention: eltu si peace: fpom peaceful: lefpom. peacefully: nìmwey. peel (v) fkarut people: (persons) sute. (the People) Naʼvi. perceive: ʼefu perhaps: kxawm perimeter: pxawpa person: tute phrase: lìʼfyavi picture (n) rel place (n) tsenge, tseng. [syll?] (v) yem. plain, field: txayo plan: (v) hawl. (n) tìhawl. plant (n) ʼewll play: (play a game) uvan si pleasant: (to the senses) lor. (of an activity) prrteʼ. (enjoyable, of a person or thing) mowan please!: rutxe! pleasing: mowan pleasurable (of an activity) prrteʼ pleasure: tìprrteʼ practice, training tskxekeng pointedly: nìpxi poison (n) txum poor thing!: keftxo! position: klltseng possible: letsunslu. be possible: tsunslu. power: tìtxur powerful: fkew, txantur prefer: nulnew preparations: tìhawl prepare, plan: hawl present (time) sekrr pretty: sevin previous: ham. previous instance: alo aham. prey (n) tìtspang proceed: salew probable; probably: skxakep produce (v) sleyku proliferate: virä promise: (n) pänu. (v) pänutìng. propel: spule proper: muiä prophesize: sreseʼa prophesy: tìsreseʼa protect: hawnu, tìhawnu si protection: tìhawnu pterosaur (approx.) ikran pull (v) zaʼärìp purpose (goal) tìkan push (v) käʼärìp put: yem Q question (n) tìpawm (question marker) srak(e). (with fuke) ftxey. quiet: (n) tìfnu. be quiet: fnu. quote ... unquote: san ... sìk quotidian: letrrtrr R rain (n) tompa rather: (would rather) nulnew. rather than: tup. ready: alaksi. get ready: hawl. rear: (part or section) käpxì. (of person) txìm. reason (n) lun receive: tel recent: sok recline: tuvon refuge: zongtseng refuse (v) sto release: lonu remain: ʼìʼawn remember: zerok remembrance: ʼok represent: kenong request: (n) ätxäle. (v) ätxäle si. respond: ʼeyng response: tìʼeyng. in response: nìʼeyng. responsibility: have responsibility (for): kllfroʼ responsible: be responsible (for): kllfroʼ rest (v) tsurokx restore: speng return, go back: tätxaw rhino (approx.) ʼangtsìk rhythm: kato ride (v) makto. ride out: kämakto. right: (side, direction) skien. (proper) muiä. (correct) eyawr. you're right: ngaru tìyawr. Right?: kefya srak? kefyak? right now: pxiset. right before: pxisre. right after: pximaw. river: kilvan. (sacred) Swotulu. rock, stone: tskxe root: ngrr rule (n) koren run (n) tul rush: (v, hurry) win säpi. (rush something) win si. S sacred: swok. sacred place: swotu. Sacred River: Swotulu. sad: keftxo. sadly: nìkeftxo. How sad! keftxo! safe: kxuke. safe place: zongtseng. safely: nìzawnong sake: for the sake of: fpi+ same: teng Saturday (Earth calendar) trrkive save: zong say: plltxe saying ...: san ... sìk school: numtseng science: tìftia kifkeyä scream (v) zawng Screw that! (vulgar) pxasìk screw up: tìkxey si sea: txampay second (number two) muve. (short time) hìkrr. (look also under 'moment') see: (physical sense) tseʼa. See (spiritual sense) kame. see you soon: kìyevame. seed: rinaʼ. (of Hometree) atokirinaʼ. seek: fwew seem: lam selfishness: tìʼawpo send: fpeʼ sense (v) ʼefu serve: kìteʼe si service: kìteʼe seven: kinä seventeen (octal: 21) mevolaw seventeenth (number seventeen) mevolawve seventh (number seven) kive seventy (approx.) zam vol shaman: tsahìk sharp: pxi she: po, poe shelter (v) hawnu shoot: (intrans.) tem. (trans.) toltem. short (of time) yol show (v) wìntxu shut: (adj) tstu. (v) tstu si. sibling: tsmuk, tsmuktu sick: spxin sickness: (disease) säspxin. (state of being sick) tìspxin. side: paʼo sign, omen: aungia silence: tìfnu simple: ftue sing: rol. singing (instance of): tìrusol. (art) tseo tìrusolä. sister: tsmuke, tsmuk sit: heyn six: pukap sixteen (octal: 20) mevol sixteenth (number sixteen) mevolve sixth (number six) puve sixty (approx.) zam size: tsawlhìʼ skin (n) taʼleng sky: taw sleep (v) hahaw. sleep well! hivahaw nìmwey. slow: kìʼong slowly: nìkʼong small: (little in size) hìʼi. (small in quantity) hìm. (a small amount) ʼit. smart: (person) kanu. (idea, plan) sìlronsem. smell (n) fahew smile: (n) lrrtok. (v) lrrtok si. smoke (n) kxener so: (in that case) ha. even so tsalsungay. so much: fìtxan. so that: fte. so that not: fteke. soft: (of an object) hewne. (of a sound) ʼango. some: -o. someone: tuteo. something: ʼuo. somewhere: tsengo. son: ʼitan song: tìrol, way songchord: waytelem soon: yeʼrìn. See you soon: kìyevame. sorry! ngaytxoa soul: vitra sound (n) pam source: tsim spaceship: tawsìp spark (n) txepvi speak: plltxe spear (n) tukru spin (v) kìm spiral (n) ʼìheyu spirit: tirea spirit animal: tireaioang spirit path: tireafyaʼo spread, proliferate: virä squad: wempongu squirt (v) tsäʼ Stairway to Heaven: iknimaya stand (v) kllkxem star: tanhì start: (intrans.) sngäʼi. (start something) sngeykäʼi. stay: ʼìʼawn still: (yet) vay set. (as before) mi. sting (v) sngap stingbat (flying animal): riti stomach (n) ngäng stone (n) tskxe stop: (v) ftang. (suspend action) fpak. stopping: tìftang. without stopping: nìlkeftang. story, tale: vur straight: (not crooked) yey. (upright) pxim. strange: (unfamiliar) stxong. (odd) hiyìk. stream: payfya strength: tìtxur strike, blow (n) tìtakuk strike, hit (v) takuk stringed instrument: iʼen strong: txur student: numeyu study: (v) ftia. (n) tìftia. stupid: snumìna sturmbeast (animal like cattle) talioang subject (n) txele succeed: flä such: (adj) nafìʼu; tsafnel, fìfnel + genitive; tsafne-, fìfne- (pl. tsayfne-, fayfne-). such as: pxel. suffice: tam sufficient: letam summary: vurvi sun: tsawke. sunrise: (see dawn). sunset: (see dusk). Sunday (Earth calendar) trrʼawve supplies: mekre sustain: fmal sweet: kalin swoop (v) tawng synopsis: vurvi T tail: kxetse take: munge. take time: krrnekx. tale: vur tall: tsawl target (n) tìkan teach: kar teacher: karyu teaching: sänume tell: peng ten (octal: 12) vomun tenth (number ten) vomuve territory: kllpxìltu test: (v) fmetok. (n) tìfmetok. than: to. than all: frato. Thanator (animal like a panther): palulukan thank: irayo si. Thank you!: irayo! that: tsa-. (that thing) tsaʼu, tsaw. (that action) tsakem, tsakem. that one (that person) tsatu. that way: tsafya. that kind of: tsafnel + genitive, tsafne-. that (conjunction) tsnì. (as for that) furia. (as object) futa. (as subject) fwa. (which, with a noun) a + N, N + a. their: (animate) feyä. (inanimate) seyä. them (animate): (acc) fot, foti. (dat) for, foru. (after prep.) fo. them (inanimate): (acc) sat, sati. (dat) sar, saru. then: tsakrr there: tsatseng, tsatseng. out there: käsatseng. There there!: tam tam. therefore: tafral these: fay+. these kinds of: fayfnel + genitive, fayfne-. they (animate): ayfo, ayfo, fo. (those two) mefo. (those three) pxefo. they (inanimate): (ay)saʼu, (ay)saw. (those two) mesaʼu, mesaw. (those three) pxesaʼu, pxesaw. [stress?] "they" (unspecified agent, 'one', 'you') fko. thing: (object, fact, abstraction) ʼu. (action) kem. think: fpìl thinking (way of thinking) fpìlfya third (number three) pxeyve thirteen (octal: 15) vomrr thirteenth (number thirteen) vomrrve thirty (approx.) tsìvol this: (with a noun) fì-. (action) fìkem. (thing) fìʼu. (one) fìpo. this way: fìfya. this kind of: fìfnel + genitive, fìfne-. this morning: fìrewon. this afternoon: fìhaʼngir. this evening: fìkaym. those: tsay+. (those things) saʼu. those kinds of: tsayfnel + genitive, tsayfne-. (See also 'that', 'they'.) thought: säfpìl. thought pattern: fpìlfya. thousand: (approx.) mevozam. four thousand (approx.) zazam thread (n) kìng three: pxey. three hundred (approx.) mrrzam. three thousand (approx.) puvozam. (of other nouns) pxe+. through: kxamlä throat: flew throw: tsreʼi thunder (sound of) kxangangang! Thursday (Earth calendar) trrmrrve thus: fìfya, tsafya tie: tie down, fasten: yän. tie up, bind: yìm. time (n) krr. take time: krrnekx. all the time: frakrr. time (adv) alo, -lo. 5 times: alo amrr. 1 time (once): ʼawlo. 2 times (twice) melo. each/every time: fralo. at all times: frakrr. next time: alo ahay. last time: alo aham. tired: ngeyn to: (direction) ne. (recipient) -ur, -ru. (infinitive) fte [with subjunctive]. today: fìtrr tonight: fìtxon toe: venzek together: ʼawsiteng tomorrow: trray. tomorrow night: txonay. tomorrow morning: rewonay. tomorrow afternoon: haʼngiray. tomorrow evening: kaymay. tongue: ftxì too: (as well) nìteng. (excessively) nìhawng. tooth: sreʼ top (n) fäpa torn apart, divided: keʼaw totality: wotx touch (v) ʼampi track, follow: sutx training: tskxekeng trap (v) syep travel: sop treachery: kavuk tree: utral. Tree of Souls: Vitrautral. Tree of Voices: Utral Aymokriyä. Hometree: Kelutral. [stress?] trip (journey) tìsop true: ngay truly: nìngay trunk (of a tree) tangek truth: tìngay try (v) fmi Tuesday (Earth calendar) trrpxeyve tune: be in tune, be aware: kame turn (v) mìn turn (n) alo. my turn: alo oeyä. twelfth (number twelve) vosìve twelve (octal: 14) vosìng twentieth (number twenty) mevosìve twenty: (exact, octal: 24) mevosìng. (approx.) mevol fu pxevol twice: melo twilight: See 'dusk', 'dawn'. two: mune. two hundred (approx.) pxezam. two thousand (approx.) tsìvozam. the two of us: moe, oeng ["weng"]. the two of you: menga. [stress?] the two of them: mefo, mesa. (of other nouns) me+. type, kind: fnel. what type? fnepe, pefnel U ugly (sight or sound) väʼ unambiguously: nìpxi understand: (a fact) tslam. (a person) kame. understanding: (comprehension) tìtslam. (wise) txantslusam. Understood!: tslolam unequal: keteng unfamiliar: stxong unfold: ʼong unfortunately: nìkeftxo unhappy: keftxo unhealthy: kelfpomtokx unknown: stxong unpleasant to the senses: väʼ unquote: sìk until: vaykrr. until now: vay set. until then: tsakrrvay up: upward: nefä. up among: fkip. up to (place, time, or number): vay. upright: pxim, nìpxim upset (sad) keftxo us (excluding you): (acc) ayoeti (ayweti). (dat) ayoeru, ayoer (ayweru, aywer). (after prep.) ayoe. us (including you): multiple forms, including (acc) awngati. (dat) awngaru, awngar. (after prep.) awnga, ayoeng (ayweng). use (v) sar useful: lesar using: fa V valid: kangay vegetable (food) fkxen verb: kemlìʼu versus: wä vertical: pxim. vertically: nìpxim. very: nìtxan via: ìlä+, ìlä+ village: tsray violet (flower, approx.) seze viperwolf: nantang vision (spiritual) äie visit (v) frrfen visitor: frrtu voice (n) mokri W wait, wait for: pey walk (v) tìran want: new war: tsam. war party: tsampongu. warrior: tsamsiyu was: lamu, lolu. wasn't it? kefya srak? kefyak?. wash: yur. (oneself) yäpur. wasp (approx) zizeʼ watch: (look at) nìn. watch out: nari si. watch it! oìsss!, tsa-hey!, wiya!, saa! water: pay way: fyaʼo. No way! (vulgar) pxasìk. give way: tìng tseng. way of thinking: fpìlfya. we (but not you): ayoe. we two moe. we three pxoe. we two (you and I): oeng [weng]. (formal) ohe ngengasì. we, all of us (including you) awnga, ayoeng weak: meyp weave: täftxu weaver: täftxuyu Wednesday (Earth calendar) trrtsìve weep: tsngawvìk well: (adv) nìltsan. as well: nìteng. (See also 'healthy'.) well: (n) ramunong. Well of Souls: Ayvitrayä Ramunong. [stress?] well (sentence opener) tse well-being: fpom were: lamu, lolu. weren't they? kefya srak? kefyak?. what?: (action) pehem?, kempe?. (thing) peu?, ʼupe?. (word, utterance) pelìʼu?, lìʼupe?. (what kind?) fnepe, pefnel. (with other nouns) pe-, -pe?. what? you call that a ...? (disparagement) pak. what a ...! (praise) nang. when: (not a question) a krr, krr a. (if) txo. when?: pehrr?, krrpe? where?: peseng?, tsengpe? whether: san srake, ftxey which?: pe+, -pe. which kind? fnepe, pefnel. which day (of the week, month)? trrpeve which (not a question) a + N while: tengkrr [with the imperfective for the -ing verb] white: teyr who?: pesu?, tupe? whole: (n) wotx. (adj) ʼänsyem. why?: pelun?, lumpe? wind (n) hufwe wing: tsyal wise: txantslusam wish (v) rangal. I wish ...: nìrangal. with: (accompaniment) hu. (by means of) fa. without: luke wolf (approx.) nantang word: lìʼu work: (n) tìkangkem. (v) work: tìkangkem si. world (physical) kifkey worm: ngawng. (hallucinogenic) eltungawng. worst: ʼeʼal worthy: pxan wow!: tewti! write: pamrel si writing: pamrel wrong: (incorrect) keyawr. (an error) tìkxey. do wrong: tìkxey si. you're wrong: ngaru tìkxey Y yeah: sran year: zìsìt yellow: rim. in yellow: nìrim. yes: srane yesterday: trram. yesterday night: txonam. yesterday morning: rewonam. yesterday afternoon: haʼngiram. yesterday evening: kaymam. yet: (still) mi. not yet: vay set (with negative verb). you (sg.) nga. (honorific form) ngenga. you two: menga. you three: pxenga. you all: aynga. you (unspecified; 'one', 'they') fko. [stress?] young: ʼewan your: ngeyä. (formal) ngengeyä. [stress?] yucky: väʼ Z zero: kew Discourse particles The following exclamations have no easy translation into English. They stand as a clause of their own: of consternation (it can't be!): au war cry (alala!) ìley of pity (poor thing!): keftxo of anger or annoyance (aargh!) oìsss vulgar (screw that!) pxasìk alarm cry; call to defense: rawke as a threat: saa upon exertion (oomph!) sau soothing (there there!) tam tam of surprise and pleasure (wow!) tewti of warning or frustration (oy!) tsa-hey, wiya (See also 'yes', 'no', 'yeah', 'please', 'thank you', 'sorry!', 'forgive me!', 'right?', 'okay', 'understood', 'don't!', 'down!', 'well', 'hello', 'goodbye'.) The following emotive particles occur at the end of a clause: soliciting agreement (Let's X; X, eh?) ko surprise, exclamation, encouragement (Oh my! What an X!) nang disparagement (Pshaw! You call that an X?) pak Others help the grammatical flow of discourse: direct address (O!) ma continuation (And you?) tut Na'vi–English dictionary Appendix