Láadan/Lessons/19

Láadan Embedding sentences Previous Page Láadan/Lessons/20 Introduction Once you're comfortable with basic sentence structures, you may want to include one sentence in another. For example, "Did you know that [grandma died]?", where "Grandma died" is its own sentence, but is included in a larger sentence. Embedding statements: -hé marker The "-hé" marker can be used to embed one statement within another statement. "-hé" will be added to the last word in the internal sentence. Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi áya le wa. I am beautiful. áya = to be beautiful Bíi lith le [áya lehé] wa. I think that I am beautiful. lith = to think Bíi lith be [áya lehé] wa. She thinks that I am beautiful. Embedding questions: -hée marker This marker can be used to embed a question within a sentence. The external sentence can also be a question, or it can be a statement. "-hée" will be added to the last word in the internal sentence. Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi áya le wa. I am beautiful. Bíi lith be [áya lehée]? Do you think that I am beautiful? Bíi lothel ra le [áya lehée] wa. I don't know whether I am beautiful or not. lothel = to know Embedding relative clauses: -háa marker A relative clause modifies a noun. With the statement and question embedding markers above, the internal sentences are relatively standalone ("the rain is cold." "do you think that [the rain is cold]?"). Here, however, the relative clause will modify the sentence as a whole. Examples Láadan English Vocab words Bíi an behid witheth wa. He knows a woman. Bíi lalom with wa. The woman sings. Bíi an behid [lalom witheháath] wa. He knows a woman who sings. (Amberwind Láadan Lessons 2012 295) Comparison Note the difference between using "-hé" and "-háa": Láadan English Vocab words Bíi dom le [hal withehé] wa. I remember that [the woman works]. dom = to remember Bíi dom le [hal witheháa] wa. I remember the [woman that works]. Notes