Turkish/imek

In Turkish/Nominal Sentences, it was claimed that there was no Turkish equivelant for the verbs to be and to have. This is only partially true. The verb imek, which is only arguably a verb, functions similar to the verb to be in Western languages. imek may be appended to noun phrases, or verbs with a tense or mood declension to convey its meaning. The details of this construction shall be discussed in this article. Declension of imek imek is never literally used in a Turkish sentence, one of its 4 forms is used instead. These 4 forms are: idi imiş ise iken All of these forms have complex meanings and use cases, and will thus be covered in their respective articles. imek as a suffix However, imek is rarely used as an independent word. Most of the time, the words idi, imiş, ise and iken turn respectively into the suffixes -(y)dı, -(y)mış, -(y)sa and -(y)ken. All forms except -(y)ken obey vowel harmony. Suffix versions of imek are unstressed. kır breakıyor b nodu lightblue no gör breakmüş b nose lightblue no ısıt breakacak b nomış lightblue no gez breaker b noken lightblue no ev housede b noydi b no Ahmet'in Ahmet's annesi mother darkgreenyse lightblue no ödev homework için for darkgreenmiş lightblue no küçük bir a small çocuk child darkgreenken lightblue no An exception is ise, which is used often as a separate word when it is used as the conjunction on the other hand instead of its usual meaning. Ayşe işleri bitirmek için çok çalışıyor, Kerem ise yatıp dinleniyordu. Which phrases can imek be used with? In principle, any phrase that can function as the predicate of the sentence can take imek. Noun phrases imek may append to any noun or noun construction in nominative. çocuk childtu lightblue no Beyza'nın Beyza's öğretmeni teacher darkgreenymiş lightblue noLocative and Ablative nouns and noun phrases may also take imek, as discussed in Turkish/Cases. Accusative and Dative nouns on the other hand cannot. otel childde b noymiş lightblue no Azra'nın Azra's takımı team darkgreenndan b nodı lightblue noPostpositional phrases may also combine with imek. senin you için for darkgreenmiş lightblue no sıcak hot gibi like darkgreenydi lightblue no Büşra Büşra'yla b noyken lightblue noParticles like değil, var, yok and mı/mi/mu/mü combine with imek freely. gerekli required değil not darkgreendi lightblue no işiniz your work var exists darkgreensa lightblue no Verbs Bare verbs cannot combine with imek directly, only declined verbs can. Most tenses and the necessative mood combine freely with imek. However, the past tenses and the conditional mood combine only with some forms of imek. The exact cases where this is allowed is discussed in their respective articles. yap doıyor b nodu lightblue no yap domış b notı lightblue no yap doacak b notı lightblue no yap doar b nodı lightblue no yap domalı b noydı lightblue no yap dosa b noydı lightblue noThe question particle mı/mi/mu/mü intervenes between the tense suffix and imek. yap doıyor b no mu gold noydu lightblue no yap domış b no mı gold noydı lightblue no yap doacak b no mı gold noydı lightblue no yap doar b no mı gold noydı lightblue no yap domalı b no mı gold noydı lightblue no yap dosa b no mı gold noydı lightblue no Declining for person All forms of imek except iken are declined for person. The declensions are as follows: ben I purple yap doıyor b nodu lightblue nom purple no yap doıyor b nomuş lightblue noum purple no yap doıyor b nosa lightblue nom purple no sen you purple yap doıyor b nodu lightblue non purple no yap doıyor b nomuş lightblue nosun purple no yap doıyor b nosa lightblue non purple no o he/she purple yap doıyor b nodu lightblue no yap doıyor b nomuş lightblue no yap doıyor b nosa lightblue no biz we purple yap doıyor b nodu lightblue nok purple no yap doıyor b nomuş lightblue nouz purple no yap doıyor b nosa lightblue nok purple no siz you purple yap doıyor b nodu lightblue nonuz purple no yap doıyor b nomuş lightblue nosunuz purple no yap doıyor b nosa lightblue nonız purple no onlar they purple yap doıyor b nolar purple nodı lightblue no yap doıyor b nolar purple nomış lightblue no yap doıyor b nolar purple nosa lightblue no When imek is used in a third person plural question sentence, mı/mi intervenes between lar/ler and imek, as in yapıyorlar mıymış. The full verb olmak While imek has only 4 declensions, more tenses are often required. In order to use a noun phrase or declined verb in any other tense, the fully-fledged verb olmak may be used. This construction is to be covered in greater detail in Turkish/Free Auxiliaries.