Irish/Unit 2/Lesson 5

"U2" Food and Sickness Dialogue Seán: Tá ocras orm. Ar mhaith leat itheadh liom? Síle: Ba mhaith. Seán: Cén sort bialann ar mhaith leat? Síle: Is cuma liom, ithim gach cineál bia. Seán: Ceart go leor, ní ithim feoil. Síle: Ar mhaith leat deoch? Seán: Ba mhaith, caife dubh le do thoil. Síle: Cé mhéad sin? Freastalaí:Trí euro le do thoil. Seán: I'm hungry. Would you like to eat with me? Síle: I would Seán: What type of restaurant would you like? Síle: I don't mind, I eat every type of food. Seán: Ok, I don't eat meat. Síle: Would you like a drink? Seán: I would, a black coffee, please Síle: How much is that? Waiter: Three euro please Tá ocras orm - I'm hungry This phrase literally means 'Hunger is on me'. In Irish, to express an emotional state, the preposition on is used. Examples Tá tart orm - I'm thirsty Tá fearg air - He's angry Cuireann sé brón uirthi - It makes her sad (lit. It puts sadness on her) Ar - On orm - on me ort - on you (singular) air - on him uirthi - on her orainn - on us oraibh - on you (plural) orthu - on them Food Vocabulary Where to find food Cá bhfuil....? = Where is.....? ...an bhialann = the restaurant ...an t-ollmhargadh = the supermarket ...an tábhairne = the pub ...an chistin = the kitchen ...an freastalaí = the waiter How to ask for things: method I An féidir liom ... a bheith agam? = May I have...? ...bord = a table ...béile = a meal ...deoch = a drink ...biachlar = a menu How to ask fo things: method II Cad ba mhaith leat? = What would you like? Ba mhaith liom... = I would like... ...(gloine) uisce = a (glass of) water ...(gloine) fíon ( bán / dearg) = a (glass of) (white / red) wine ...sú (oráiste) = a (orange) juice ...(pionta) beoir = a (pint of) beer ....(cupán) caife / tae = a (cup of ) coffee / tea ...(le /gan ) bainne = (with / without) milk ....siúcra = sugar How to ask for things: method III Beidh ... agam, le do thoil. = I will have ... , please. ... sailéad = a salad ...ceapaire = a sandwich ...(le / gan) maonáis, cáis = (with / without) mayonaisse, cheese ...arán (tosta) = (toasted) bread ...le him / gan im = with butter / without butter ...subh = jam ...muiceoil = pork ...mairteoil = beef ...iasc = fish ...sícín (friochta) = (fried) chicken , agus ... freisin. = , and ... also. ...práta / prátaí = a potato / potatoes ...sceallóga = chips / french fries ...torthaí (úr) = (fresh) fruit .....glasraí (áitiúil) = (local) vegetables Likes, Wants Níl .... uaim. = I don’t want... ...feoil = meat ...milseog = dessert ... anlann = sauce/dressing Is veigeatóir / veigeán me. = I’m a vegetarian / vegan. Tá ailléirge orm le .... = I have an allergy to ... Ní maith liom... = I don’t like.... ...cabáiste = cabbage Is maith liom... = I like ... ...uachtar reoite = ice cream Sin é an-blasta. = That is very tasty Kinds of food Cén cinéal ... atá agaibh? = What kind of .... do you have? ...anraith = (of) soup ...milseoige = of dessert ...glasra = (of) vegetable piseanna = pea(s) cáca / císte = cake pióg (úll) = (apple) pie bia mara = seafood How to ask for things: method IV Teastaíonn ... uaim. = I need ... ...pláta (eile) = a (another) plate ...forc (eile) = a (another) fork ...deoch (eile) = a (another) drink ...scian = a knife ... babhla = a bowl ...spunóg = a spoon ...an salann = the salt ...an piobar = the pepper ...tuilleadh caife = more coffee ....tuilleadh scealloga = more chips/fries ...an bille = the bill Cé mhéid atá air? = How much is it? Verbs Tá mé ag ithe bricfeasta = I am eating breakfast. Tá tú ag ithe lón = You are eating lunch. Tá sé ag ithe dinnéar. = He is eating dinner. Tá sí ag ól deoch. = She is drinking a drink. Támid ag cócaireacht an béile. = We are cooking the meal. Tá sibh ag ceannach an bhia. = You (plural) are buying the food. Quantity Ba mhaith linn... = We would like... ceapaire, ceapairí = a sandwich, sandwiches ... dhá cheapaire = two sandwiches gloine, gloiní = a glass, glasses ...trí ghloine... = three glasses (of...) punta, puntaí = a pound, pounds ...ceithre phunta ... = four pounds (of...) cileagram, cileagraim = a kilogram, kilograms ...cuig chileagram ... = five kg. (of...) ubh, uibheacha = an egg, eggs cupla ubh = a couple of eggs Na hUimhreacha - Numbers Numbers on their own are called ordinal numbers, e.g. one, two three. In Irish, the numeral partical 'a' is placed in front of the number when using the number on its own. Examples: A hAon - One A Dó - Two A Trí - Three A Ceathar - Four A Cúig - Five A Sé - Six A Seacht - Seven A hOcht - Eight A Naoi - Nine A Deich - Ten When we use numbers with a noun, however (e.g. four cups, two euro), we don't use the numeral particle, and we use a different form of one and two. Also, the numbers 1-6 lenite the next word (add a h), while the numbers 7-10 add an urú. Also, ceathar becomes ceithre and you use the singular form of the noun, not the plural. Examples: Aon chupán amháin - One cup (the 'aon' here is optional) Dhá chupán - Two cups Trí iasc - Three fish Ceithre phrátaí - Four potatoes Cúig ghloine - Five glasses Sé deoch - Six drinks Seacht bhfreastalaí - Seven waiters Ocht mbiachlár - Eight menus Naoi euro - Nine euro Deich mbialann - Ten restaurants On top of this, their is a different form of the numbers used when counting people, as follows. Duine (amháin) - One person Beirt - Two people Triúr - Three people Ceathrar - Four people Cúigear - Five people Seisear - Six people Seachtar - Seven people Ochtar - Eight people Naonúr - Nine people Deichniúr - Ten people Dialogue Seán: Níl mé ag mothú go maith Síle: Cad é atá ort? Seán: Tá pian i mo bholg agam. Síle: A chréatúir, suigh síos ansin. Seán: Go raibh maith agat Síle: An bhfuil sé níos fearr? Seán: Tá, go raibh maith agat. Seán: I don't feel well Síle: What's wrong? Seán: I have a pain in my stomach Síle: You poor thing! Sit down there Seán: Thanks Síle: Is it better? Seán: Yes, thank you Níos fearr - Better To compare something to something else, we use the words 'níos' and 'is', for example, 'níos fearr' means better as we saw above and 'is fearr' would mean 'best'. Another example is bright, which is 'geal' in Irish. This becomes 'níos/is gile' - 'brighter/brightest'. 'gile' here is the feminine genetive form of the adjective. We will discuss nouns and adjectives and their cases more in the next lesson, but the genetive will not be dealt with until later modules. For the moment, here are some examples of adjectives and their comparative forms. Examples: Deas - Níos/Is deise - Nice - Nicer/Nicest Mór - Níos/Is mó - Big - Bigger/Biggest Beag - Níos/Is lú - Small - Smaller/Smallest Olc - Níos/Is measa - Bad - Worse/Worst Ard - Níos/Is airde - Tall - Taller/Tallest Sean - Níos/Is sine - Old - Older/Oldest Óg - Níos/Is óige - Young - Younger/Youngest Álainn - Níos/Is áille - Beautiful - More/Most beautiful Mall - Níos/Is moille - Slow. - Slower/Slowest Mo - My The words 'my, your, his, her, etc' are called possessive pronouns. In Irish they are as follows: Mo - My Do - Your (singular) A - His A - Her Ár - Our Bhur - Your (plural) A - Their Mo, Do and A when it means 'his' are all followed by lenition (adding 'h' to the following word). 'A' when it means her does not modify the following noun and Ár, Bhur and A when it means 'their' are all followed by eclipsis (adding an urú to the following word).