Transportation Planning Casebook/Jakarta’s Integrated Transport Master Plan

Summary Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia has a population of 11,634,100 million people over an area of  661 square km. The metropolitan area of Greater Jakarta has a population of 35.4 million people over an area of 4,384 square km.Jakarta Population 2025 https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/indonesia/jakarta 2025-05-07 worldpopulationreview.com Demographia 2023 Demographia World Urban Areas https://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdfAs of today, the metropolitan area has a variety of public transport modes ranging from a commuter rail system known as the KRL commuter services that is made up of 6 different lines over a length of 293 km with 79 stations in total covering major suburbs like Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi which are all known as the Jabodetabek region including the Jakarta CBD itself.Jakarta KRL Commuter Guide https://jakartatravelguide.com/jakarta-krl-commuter-guide/ 2025-05-07 Jakarta Travel Guide en-US saleh tahir Tahun Ini, KRL Commuter Line Bidik 1,2 Penumpang/Hari https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190310144514-4-59728/tahun-ini-krl-commuter-line-bidik-12-penumpang-hari 2025-05-07 CNBC Indonesia idA bus rapid transit (BRT) system known as the Transjakarta, it is amongst the longest BRT networks in the world spanning over 240 km of dedicated bus lanes serving over 800,000 passengers daily as of 2019. Power Maeve 2019-07-15 Transjakarta: A Study in Success https://itdp.org/2019/07/15/transjakarta-study-success/ 2025-05-07 Institute for Transportation and Development Policy - Promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide en-USMoving on to the late 2010s, the city received some new forms of public transport in the form of the MRT and LRT which both systems opened in 2019. These lines are both 6.4km long and 15.7km serving a total of 5 stations and 13 stations in the city offering metro style services. NAKAMURA 2024-11-18 LRT Jakarta Phase 1B Project Construction Supervision: Setting National Record for Fastest Construction and Trial Operation https://ocglobal.jp/news/241119-indonesia-en/#:~:text=The%20LRT%20(Light%20Rail%20Transit,fully%20elevated,%205%20stations). 2025-05-07 OC Global en-USHiramatsu, Inoue 2022 Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (Jakarta MRT) project https://www.meidensha.co.jp/rd/rd_02/rd_02_02/rd_02_02_11/rd_02_02_05_01/pdf/Review_185_07_web_220610.pdfThe latest form of public transport in the metropolitan region would be the Jabodetabek LRT which spans 41.1km with 18 stations serving the satellite cities of the Greater Jakarta region.2023-08-28 New LRT system launched to ease traffic and pollution in Jakarta en The Straits Times https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-launches-lrt-in-jakarta-hopes-to-ease-traffic-and-pollution-in-capital 2025-05-07 0585-3923 Innovating Light Rail in Indonesia’s Megalopolis https://ocglobal.jp/what-we-do/project/railways-and-mass-transit/jabodebek-lrt/ 2025-05-07 OC Global en-USOther forms of public transport in the city would be auto rickshaw which are known as bajaj that is akin to Thailand's tuk tuk Despite offering a variety of public transportation modes, the city is often faced with serious traffic gridlocks where the Indonesian capital is ranked 19th out of 387 cities and the 9th most congested cities in Asia in terms of traffic congestion according to navigation specialist Tom Tom. 2024-07-05 Calls for Jakarta, nearby cities to tighten coordination to mitigate gridlock, emissions https://www.voanews.com/a/calls-for-jakarta-satellite-communities-to-tighten-coordination-to-mitigate-gridlock-emissions/7685122.html 2025-05-07 Voice of America enDuring the morning peak, a 10 km journey would take between 22 to 25 minutes on average whereas it can get as high as 32 minutes 20 seconds for the same 10 km stretch on Fridays between 5 to 6pm.Asian Transport Observatory 2024 Jakarta, Indonesia https://asiantransportobservatory.org/documents/271/Jakarta_transport_sector_profile.pdf Traffic congestion has also significantly had a toll on people’s finances and productivity where based on the 2022 traffic data from the Jakarta Police Division, commuters have lost around 30 minutes on every trip due to congestion costing the nation 70 Trillion Indonesian Rupiah (6.56 billion AUD). 93% of trips made in Jakarta are by private modes of transport with less than 20% of the trips being made by public transport despite its 60% target by year 2030. Hence, an integrated transport master plan is needed to address these problems faced in Jakarta’s Transport network to reduce commuting time which in turn improves productivity. Annotated List of Actors Table 1. Annotated List of Actors Actor TypeActorRole & ResponsibilitiesDetailsCentral GovernmentMinistry of Transportation (MoT) 40pxSets national transport policies, oversees rail and urban transit development, coordinates national-level plansOversees national-scale MRT, LRT, and KRL expansion; supervises cross-regional transport network planningPublic Transport Institutional Integration Roadmap in Metropolitan Jakarta 2023 Clean Mobility for Metropolitan Jakarta https://www.pwc.com/id/en/media-centre/infrastructure-news/july-2024/room-for-expansion-of-jakartas-public-transportation.htmlMinistry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS)60pxLeads SITRAMP development and long-term vision setting; defines regional transport goals and investment prioritiesLed SITRAMP Phase II, drove the comprehensive Jabodetabek transport strategyFinal Report Executive Summary: The Study on Integrated Transportation Master Plan for JABODETABEK (Phase II) 2004 JICA https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12115416_01.pdfMinistry of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN)60pxOversees SOEs (e.g., PT KAI, PT MRT Jakarta) to ensure effective participation in transport projectsManages state-owned companies' roles in MRT, KRL, LRT construction, operation, integration; promotes PPP collaborationsLessons Learned from Jakarta’s Journey to Integrated and Resilient Transport Systems 2021 Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) https://itdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/MOBILIZE-Jakarta-Case-Study-11.16.21_pages.pdfRegional AuthoritiesGreater Jakarta Transport Authority (BPTJ)Coordinates cross-province and cross-city transport integration, manages regional public transport developmentSupports integrated fare systems (JakLingko), coordinates BRT, rail, MRT, microtransit strategiesLocal GovernmentDKI Jakarta Provincial Government 40pxManages urban transport policies within Jakarta, leads JakLingko integration, promotes transit-oriented development (TOD)Oversees MRT/LRT network, TransJakarta integration, and unified ticketingBogor Government30pxDepok Government30pxTangerang Government40pxBekasi Government40pxCollaborate with Jakarta to implement region-wide Jabodetabek transport integrationIntegrate local services into regional bus, rail, and payment systems; develop cross-border hubsState-Owned Enterprises (SOEs)PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI)40pxOperates commuter rail (KRL), expands and upgrades rail capacityEnhances commuter services, connects to MRT/LRT stations, integrates ticketingJakarta Integrated Urban Transport Hub Development Final Report 2013 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11763869_02.pdfPT MRT Jakarta 60pxConstructs and operates the MRT system, leads urban rail network developmentDevelops north-south and east-west MRT corridors; integrates MRT with JakLingko and other servicesPT Moda Integrasi Transportasi Jabodetabek (MITJ)Joint venture between KAI and MRT Jakarta; manages multimodal integration (ticketing, service coordination, infrastructure)Oversees implementation of integrated payment systems, station connectivity, synchronized schedulesPrivate SectorJakLingko Designs and operates an integrated fare and payment system across transport modesUnifies fare payment for MRT, LRT, TransJakarta, KRL, and microbuses; provides seamless multimodal travelPrivate Developers & InvestorsInvest in TOD projects, station commercial development, and surrounding urban revitalizationDevelop commercial zones (e.g., Dukuh Atas, Juanda hubs), participate in PPP-funded infrastructure projectsInternational OrganizationsJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)40pxProvides technical assistance, co-led SITRAMP development, offers funding and policy guidanceLed SITRAMP formulation, helped introduce Japanese standards in railway and MRT system designResearch & NGOsInstitute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) ITDP_stacked|50pxOffers research, policy recommendations, performance evaluations, and sustainable mobility promotionAnalyzes bus and rail network design, proposes walking/cycling improvements, evaluates JakLingko's integration impactPublic & CommunitiesCitizens and NGOsParticipate through public hearings, provide feedback, co-create inclusive transport policiesEngage in social impact assessments, provide input during infrastructure projects, shape community-centered planning While Table 1 provides a functional overview of key actors involved in Jakarta’s transport system, Table 2 examines how their roles have changed over time by comparing two major planning frameworks: SITRAMP and RITJ. This comparison shows the shift from centralized planning to more diverse and integrated governance, with new organizations and stronger local involvement emerging in the RITJ period. Table 2. Evolution of Actor Roles: From SITRAMP (Study on Integrated Transport Master Plan for Jabodetabek) to RITJ (Rencana Induk Transportasi Jakarta) Actor / OrganizationRole in SITRAMP Role in RITJhttps://dprd-dkijakartaprov.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Fix_Paparan-RITJ-5.pdf Paparan Rencana Induk Transportasi Jakarta (RITJ) Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta Jakarta DPRD 2021-12 2025-05-11 Indonesian PDFJICALead planner and funder; initiated SITRAMP Phase I & IITechnical advisor; supports MRT and TOD projectsBAPPENASLead national agency coordinating SITRAMP with JICAStrategic oversight and national policy alignmentMinistry of Transportation (MoT)Secondary planner; supported infrastructure frameworksNational regulator; issues policies on integration and operationsDKI Jakarta GovernmentParticipated under national guidance; limited authorityLocal implementation leader; prepares RITJ Jakarta and drives TODBPTJ (Greater Jakarta Transport Authority)Not establishedInstitutional coordinator for RITJ across Jabodetabek regionMinistry of SOEs (BUMN)Passive; limited roleOversees SOEs like MRT Jakarta, KAI, MITJ; pushes PPPsPT KAISole state operator of KRL (commuter rail)Works with MRT and MITJ on station integration and schedulingPT MRT JakartaNot establishedKey operator for MRT; leads system expansion and intermodalityMITJ (MRT + KAI joint venture)Not existedKey integrator for infrastructure and fare systemsTransJakartaEmerged during this period as SITRAMP outputMain BRT operator; coordinates routes with MRT and LRTJakLingko IndonesiaNot existedLeads integrated payment and Mobility-as-a-Service systemsITDP & NGOsMinimal involvementActively monitor, evaluate and advise on sustainability and equityCitizens / Civil SocietyNo formal consultationIncluded in TOD hearings, design feedback, and impact assessments Timeline of Events Date Event/Milestones Reference 2004 Southeast Asia's first Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, commenced operations, marking a significant step towards improving public transportation in Jakarta. https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/research/599/ 2011 The Japan International Cooperation Agency submitted a revised transportation plan which focuses on road public transport systems under the Jabodetabek Urban Transportation Policy Integration project. https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12078994_01.pdf 2018 Integrated fare system”jak Lingko” established https://itdp-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jakarta-Transport-Integration-Case-Study_11.18.21.pdf 2018 To expand the service area of BRT, “Mikrotrans”, a kind of shuttle bus, join in the service net, to connect with each resident area. https://itdp-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/4.7.-Transjakarta-First-Phase-E-Bus-Deployment-Business-Case.pdf 2018 New transportation Master Plan of local government shows that public transport need to meet 60% of total movements and 80% road coverage by public transport in future 10 years from 2018 to 2029 https://www.seequent.com/transforming-jakartas-transport-navigating-heritage-with-digital-technology/ 2019 Phase 1 of MRT and LRT Jakarta open ,North–South Line (Phase 1): Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI https://itdp-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jakarta-Transport-Integration-Case-Study_11.18.21.pdf 2019 63 km of pilot cycle lanes open,which promoting non-motorized transport options https://itdp-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jakarta-Transport-Integration-Case-Study_11.18.21.pdf 2019 Jakarta Cycling Friendly City workshop takes place, resulting in stakeholder consensus on cycling priorities and action plans to implement them https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2021/03/05/our-bicycle-friendly-city.html 2020 First physical integration scheme between MRT, Commuter Rail and Transjakarta BRT carried out at four stations.The transfer time and inconvenience have been greatly shortened, and transfer discounts have been implemented on some sections to reduce overall commuting costs https://jakita.jakarta.go.id/media/download/eng/edisi_6_2020.pdf 2020 11 km of protected pop-up bike lanes was built.It has promoted the upsurge of independent travel and cycling during the COVID period, improved cycling safety, and provided a reference for future bicycle lane construction. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2024399118 2020 Pilot dockless bike sharing system begins operation.Shared bikes help people who commute to work solve the problem of the last mile from the subway station to their homes. https://itdp-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jakarta-Transport-Integration-Case-Study_11.18.21.pdf 2021 11 km of pop-up bike lanes updated to permanent transportation https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/06/14/jakartans-turns-to-bicycles-to-commute-in-new-normal.html https://itdp-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jakarta-Transport-Integration-Case-Study_11.18.21.pdf 2021 Five new additional stations integrated(Manggarai Station, Tebet Station,. Gondangdia Station,etc.) https://jakita.jakarta.go.id/media/download/eng/edisi_6_2020.pdf 2021 Low Emission Zone pilot implemented in Kota Tua https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/19/12334 2024 Jakarta Provincial Government released the Jakarta Transport Master Plan (Rencana Induk Transportasi Jakarta, RITJ) for 2024–2044, https://itdp-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jakarta-Transport-Integration-Case-Study_11.18.21.pdf 2024 Construction of the MRT East-West Line (Balaraja–Cikarang) has started: the total length is approximately 84.1 kilometers, it will be built in four phases and is scheduled to be completed in 2031. https://www.pwc.com/id/en/media-centre/infrastructure-news/november-2023/transportation-ministry-targets-the-development-of-east-west-mrt-starting-in-2024.html 2024 MRT North-South Line Phase 2 (Bundaran HI–Kota): A total of 5.8 kilometers, scheduled to be completed in 2029, further extending to the Ancol area. https://southeastasiainfra.com/upcoming-phase-of-jakarta-mrt-to-increase-public-transport-use-to-60-per-cent Maps of Locations Figure1 visualises the multimodal backbone of Jakarta’s inner city, layering bus corridors, commuter-rail tracks, MRT and LRT alignments, river and harbour links, and licensed shared-taxi routes. Lines are colour-coded by mode, while a grayscale density raster in the background highlights corridors with the greatest aggregate service frequency. The darkest cells coincide with the Senen–Gambir civic spine, the Dukuh Atas TOD cluster and the Kota heritage precinct, illustrating how these hubs anchor the highest levels of network connectivity and passenger transfer activity within the 661 km² municipal area.center|thumb|839x839px|alt=|Figure1: Central Jakarta public transport network map showing the spatial distribution and route density of various transit modes, including buses, trains, light rail, subways, ferries, and shared taxis. Darker background areas indicate higher network concentration and connectivity intensity.OpenStreetMap contributors. (2025). Map data retrieved via Overpass API. Available at: https://www.openstreetmap.org/ [Accessed 9 May 2025].An isochrone analysis radiating from all fixed-route stops depicts the area of Jakarta that can be reached by public transport in 40 minutes or less under average weekday peak conditions. Graduated shading shows stepwise travel-time bands, revealing an extensive high-accessibility core encircled by progressively lighter zones. While the MRT corridor and the TransJakarta trunk lanes produce contiguous catchments across most of Central and South Jakarta, conspicuous “access gaps” persist in western riverbank kampungs and the harbourfront, underscoring the need for first-/last-mile improvements and feeder services.center|thumb|837x837px|Figure2: 40 mins Public Transport AccessSpanning the 4,384 km² Jabodetabek metropolitan area, this diagram aggregates inter-urban rail, BRT trunk lines, radial and orbital highways, and primary intercity bus axes linking Jakarta with Bogor, Depok, Bekasi and Tangerang. Line thickness reflects peak-hour capacity, while station symbols are scaled to daily boardings. The map highlights the dominant north–south commuter-rail funnels into Kota and Tanah Abang, the emergent east–west MRT East-West Line under construction, and the strategic motorway ring that channels freight around—but not through—the city core.center|thumb|842x842px|Figure3: Overview of Greater Jakarta’s regional transport network, covering Jakarta and surrounding cities such as Bogor, Depok, Bekasi, and Tangerang. The map illustrates major transport modes across the metropolitan area, including intercity rail and regional bus services.Extending the isochrone window to 120 minutes illustrates the reach of Jakarta’s medium- and long-distance services, including KRL commuter trains, the Jabodebek LRT and interprovincial buses. Most of the metropolitan population falls within the pale-grey two-hour envelope, yet the plot shows markedly uneven access: well-served corridors fan out along rail lines to Cikarang and Rangkasbitung, whereas peri-urban districts such as eastern Bogor and northern Tangerang still lie beyond a practical commute range, highlighting spatial equity challenges.center|thumb|840x840px|Figure4: 2h Public Transport AccessThis stylised network map consolidates all current and committed rapid-transit lines—MRT, LRT, BRT, airport rail, and the six KRL commuter routes—into a single legible diagram for passenger wayfinding. Interchange nodes are emphasised with concentric rings, and dotted arcs denote planned extensions now under construction. Insets show the airport rail spur and the Ancol leisure loop. By visually collapsing mode distinctions and fare-system boundaries, the schematic communicates the city’s policy objective of seamless, ticket-integrated mobility across the entire Jabodetabek region. Policy Issues Indonesia's Commitment to Sustainability Indonesia are signatories to key environmental international treaties like the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement. However, the Climate Action Tracker which is an independent project that tracks government climate action has found Indonesia's climate actions and policies as "Critically Insufficient" (https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/indonesia/). Jakarta has been facing numerous urban transport challenges, such as air pollution, traffic congestion, and a large proportion of internal combustion engine vehicles. In August 2019, Jakarta was recorded as having the worst air pollution in the world, due in great part to its transport (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-02/living-in-indonesian-capital-jakarta-where-the-air-can-kill/11373644). Greater Jakarta's Political Framework The central and local governments of Greater Jakarta have been making efforts for the development of a transportation system that has the main purpose of traffic congestion alleviation (https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12356366.pdf). The first Jakarta Urban Transportation Master Plan was developed in 2011 by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. The city has struggled to implement integrated transport changes across the Greater Jakarta region partially due to each local government defending its own transportation policy. In 2015 the government addressed these issues by forming the Greater Jakarta Transport Authority (BPTJ) to integrate transport planning of Metropolitan Jakarta. However, upon implementation limited funding has affected their influence to align local government's planning and management with the previously agreed Metropolitan Jakarta Transportation Master Plan (https://itdp-indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Executive-Summary_PT-Institutional-Integration-Recommendation.docx.pdf). For instance, organising public transport based on administrative boundaries has led to challenges in the region’s transport development, stemming from differing financial capacities and priorities among various institutions. Narrative Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia has been plagued with traffic congestion for the past few decades which severely hampers overall productivity due to longer commuting times and that has contributed to serious financial losses to the country. Other than that, the city also has several environmental challenges on top of congestion which are air pollution, water pollution and flooding which have a significant impact on the city.Editor Community 2024-03-19 Jakarta Environmental Problems And Circular Economy Solutions https://earth5r.org/jakarta-circular-economy/ 2025-05-07 Earth5R en Early concepts and plans ( 1985 - early 2000s) Since the opening of the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in 1985, Jakarta has been developing rapidly where the city has seen a major push in infrastructure construction where most of it are for automobile usage such as roadways, highways and bridge which contributed to the high car dependency as the city sprawl outwards. Crossette Barbara Times Special To the New York 1985-07-08 20 YEARS LATER, INDONESIA MOVES TO MAKE PEACE WITH ITS PAST en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/08/world/20-years-later-indonesia-moves-to-make-peace-with-its-past.html 2025-05-07 0362-4331Public transport infrastructure development has been less emphasised where the modes of public transportation back then were commuter trains and informal modes like buses and auto rickshaws along with other modes like walking and cycling. This has contributed to the chronic traffic congestion scene that has been plaguing the city up till this age. Back In 1985 however, B.J. Habibie who was the then state minister of technology and research proposed the MRT system where this idea was being revisited in the 1990s where the city traffic situation had already worsened leading to more studies conducted with international consultancy firms. However, the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis totally derailed the implementation of the project due to financial and funding constraints forcing Jakarta to look to other options like the Bus Rapid Transit. It wasn't until the early 2000s the MRT project was being mooted again.Firman 2017 General Overview of the development of MRT Jakarta https://eprints2.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/30501/3/Valencia%20Anatasya%20Yulianto_BAB%202_SKRIPSI.pdf The development of an alternative mode of transport - BRT ( 2000s to 2010s) Transjakarta, one of the world’s largest bus rapid transit (BRT) systems has been a commercial success in Jakarta in providing a low cost alternative to provide public transport service to combat congestion. Inaugurated on 15th January 2004, it is the first of its kind in South East Asia and the second in Asia after Nagoya. Today it spans over 244 kilometers of segregated bus lanes, it is amongst the longest operational Bus Rapid Transit networks in the world with more than 10 operation routes. Taking inspiration from Bogota’s Transmilenio BRT system, this system is part of an initiative that came from the idea of then governor, Sutiyoso to implement an innovative transit system that is faster and cheaper to implement considering the lack of resources and finances to construct a metro system after the Asian Financial crisis. Two delegations from Jakarta visited two South American cities Bogotá and Quito in 2003 to study their BRT system. Then Mr Sutiyoso set up a task force consisting of five agencies: transport, public works, park, utilities and planning, and three affected local municipalities to implement the system. The first 12.9 kilometers long corridor from Kota–Blok M was implemented within 9 months.Power Maeve 2019-07-15 Transjakarta: A Study in Success https://itdp.org/2019/07/15/transjakarta-study-success/ 2025-05-07 Institute for Transportation and Development Policy - Promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide en-US The implementation of rail public transport ( 2010s onwards) Despite the proposal for building a metro system only surfaced during the early 2000s with serious intentions made during President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reign where he made the project a national priority in 2005 along with the BRT and commuter rail network with financial backing from the Japanese government. In 2013, active construction works began for the first phase of the system running from Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI on a 16 kilometer alignment with 13 stations and a depot that is designed to transport 400,000 passengers daily. The first phase of the system was completed and innagurated in 2019. With Jakarta securing the bid to host the 2018 Asian Games back in 2014, the city has invested a lot into mass transit systems under governor Ahok leadership where he rolled out several projects in the form of a few LRT lines and a 38 km alignment from the city’s main airport Soekarno Hatta International Airport to the city centre cutting travel time down in 55 minutes which will be opened by 2018 in conjunction with the Asian games.https://www.malaymail.com/news/travel/2018/01/02/jakarta-launches-first-airport-train-to-tackle-gridlock/1544407 2025-05-07 www.malaymail.com The Dukuh Atas transportation hub is one such initiative taken by the city to integrate its public transportation services on a 3,100 m2 area. This Transit Oriented Development is officially inaugurated in 2019 which provides integration for the MRT line, LRT Jakarta and Jabodetabek lines, BRT and the commuter rail system. Wildan Muhamad 2019-04-30 Anies Resmikan Kawasan TOD Dukuh Atas https://jakarta.bisnis.com/read/20190430/77/917193/anies-resmikan-kawasan-tod-dukuh-atas 2025-05-07 Bisnis.com idThe development consists of 20 storey buildings that houses the offices for the MRT system, city planning gallery and a smart city command centre. Other than the transport hub, the development also features recreational spaces where there are lots of eateries which serves as a public space. The development also offers facilities like pedestrian facilities along Blora Street, green spaces, bike access and bike sharing points which is in line with the 63 km long bike lanes implemented in the city along with basic amenities like stairs, lifts and guiding blocks.The Jakarta Post 2018 Ex market torn down for Dukuh Atas TOD https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/01/25/ex-market-torn-down-for-dukuh-atas-tod.htm Discussion Questions 1. If you were the government or an urban planning institutions, would you agree to spend a lot of taxes paid by residents to develop transportation in the next 20 year(please combine with past economy situations）? 2. Compared with other developed countries or cities, what are the advantages and disadvantages of Jakarta's public transportation construction? Would imitating the rail transportation model of South Korea or Japan achieve more significant results? 3.Let's go back to the period when Jakarta had not yet vigorously developed public transportation such as BRT. If you were an enterprise or unit (Indonesia or abroad) that the government wanted to cooperate with, would you be willing to cooperate? 4. Do you think that as the city develops, BRT and traditional public transportation systems will be gradually replaced by rail transportation? 5. You are a traffic participant, you are very tired after a day of work. When it is time to get off work, would you like to ride on crowded public transportation with the public, or drive your car and listen to music and enjoy the air conditioning alone? References