A-level Graphic Products/Edexcel/Unit 3 :Designing for the Future/Design in context/Influences of design history on developments of products

thumb|centre|900px|A timeline of art movements covered by Edexcel in Graphic Products. Arts and Crafts (1850-1900) thumb|right|190px|Arts and crafts example by William Morris. Key points: Items need to be fit for purpose (function is important) Arts and Craft designers were against industrialisation. Style: Simplicity. Made from natural materials, based around nature. Colour and texture. Colour added 'unity' and 'focus.' Only natural textures were used: wood, stone, wool, linen etc. Splendour - They experimented with different materials and techniques, this led to unusual designs. William Morris (1834-1896) Key points: He was a poet, writer, designer, innovator in the arts and crafts movement and a socialist He help found Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. He worked with stained glass, carving, furniture, wallpaper, carpets and tapestries He had strong socialist viewed which got him arrested once; these view influenced what he created. Art Nouveau (1890-1905) thumb|right|An example of Art Nouveau by Charles Rennie Mackintosh Key points: Started in France, Paris A form of bridge between Arts and Craft and Modernism; old styles and values sat alongside new ones. The Languid line New aesthetic views for a new urban lifestyle. They were for mass-production Used in architecture, glass, jewellery, fabrics and wallpaper Style: Curvy lines and flowers Hand-crafted Use of glass and wrought iron Feminine form Influences by other cultures - Japanese, Celtic,http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/s/study-room-resource-art-nouveau/ Paragraph 4. Arabian,http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197904/arabian.nights.-.and.art.nouveau.htm Title ancient Greek. Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928) Key points: He was British, born is Glasgow He was an architect and he studied at Glasgow School of Art He mixed Art Nouveau with Scottish Architecture Modernism (1900-1930) Key points: Celebrated technology and the mechanised industry. Different variation appeared around Europe: Bauhaus in Germany, De Stijl in the Netherlands, Constructivism in Russia and Futurism in Italy. Liked mass-production Style: Less is more Machine Aesthetic Rejected the old natural style/aesthetic. Bauhaus Modernism (1919-1933) thumb|right|An example of Bauhaus thumb|right|200px|Wassily chair, created by Marcel Breuer Note: All notes on Bauhaus are inherit all notes from Modernism. Key points: Created in Germany, just before WW2, after WW1 Bauhaus means "House for building." Things need to be functional, highest priority Reduction in decorative frills. Style: Form follow Function Geometrically pure, straight lines Marcel Breuer (1902-1981) Key points: He liked the combination of art and technology. He's famously known for his 'Wassily' chair. The 'Wassily' chair was only possible because a German manufacturer had just recently perfected the art of mass-produced bending of metal tubes. He then immigrated to the USA where he obtained a professorship in School of Design at Harvard Art Deco (1925-1939) thumb|right|An example of Art Deco by Eileen Gray Key points: Popular modernism It's a reaction to post-war (WW1) In favour of a mechanical modern world. Style: Symmetry and repetition Zig-zagged geometric patterns Inspired by ancient Egypt. Sharp-edges Bright Colours Use of expensive materials Eileen Gray (1879-1976) Key Points: Went to Slade school of Fine arts in London. Like Japanese/French art styles at the time. She started with art, then moved onto architecture. Inspired by Marcel Breuer. Streamlining (1935-1955) thumb|right|A Streamlining example by Raymond Loewy Key Points: Consumerism and Style New prosperity and widened consumer choice Celebrating speed and efficiency People at the time were hyped about the future, air travel and space exploration. Style: Aerodynamics Tear-drop shape Futuristic style Raymond Loewy (1893-1986) Born in France, spent most of his time in the USA. Influenced by the American life-style. He likes "Beauty through Simplification." His work mixed Art Deco with Streamlining He worked with a lot of multinational companies like NASA where he was later employed at. He spent time streamlining many items Streamlining allowed for greater speed and less drag. Post-Modernism - New Design Style (1975-Present) thumb|right|An example of Post-modernism by Philippe Starck We currently live in a post-modernism world, this means that anything you see that's not based upon a past movement, or from another culture is post-modernism. Key points: Opposes Modernism They think 'More is more' rather than the Modernism 'Less is more', they think 'Less is bore!' Style: Humour and personality Retro Design Deconstruction Philippe Starck (1949-Present) Key points: He's a French designer He's all for mass-production, he had chair and toothbrushes mass-produced He's even produced a mouse for Microsoft References