Lombard/Dictionaries and Wiktionary

Lombard language dictionaries In the module about the orthography it was explained that Lombard historically has never had a common orthography, but there are different orthographies, each linked to the literary tradition of the main town and cities. For this reason it is difficult to find real dictionaries of Lombard language on the market, which as already mentioned is a cluster of dialects, but rather dictionaries of local dialects written in their historical orthographies. Furthermore, the available dictionaries do not give definitions in Lombard, but in reality translations from Lombard to Italian or from Italian to one of the variants of Lombard in a certain orthography. Furthermore, as regards the dictionaries, those available online are written in an archaic Italian, that of the mid-nineteenth century. Anyone wishing to write Lombard using the New Lombard Orthography could however get into trouble due to the need to convert words written with another orthography into the New Lombard Orthography. Precisely for this reason, within this course there will be modules whose purpose is to help in this orthographic conversion into the New Lombard Orthography, while the Lombard language wikictionary, written above all in New Lombard Orthography, aims to show within the same page the different ways of writing and pronouncing the same word in the different variants of the Lombard language. Dictionaries available on line Among the dictionaries that can be consulted online we can list: DictionariesOrthographiesDialectsImportance of the orthography in the past (before 1950)The importance of the orthography is related to its utilizationImportanceof the orthographynowadayHow to convertin toNewLombardOrthographyF. Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, 1814 F. Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, 1839 → 1856 C. Arrighi, Dizionario milanese-italiano: col repertorio italiano-milanese, 1896 G. Capis, G. A. Biffi, Varon milanes de la lengua de Milan e Prissian de Milan de la parnonzia milanesa, 1750 Banfi, Vocabolario Milanese-italiano a uso della gioventùClassical Milanese Orthography►G. B. Melchiori, Vocabolario bresciano-italiano: con appendice e rettificazioni, 1817 (Vol.1) G. B. Melchiori, Vocabolario bresciano-italiano: con appendice e rettificazioni, 1817 (Vol.2)Classical Brescian orthography Spellings resembling the classic Milanese orthography used just to build dictionaries at the time and with little or no literature -Vocabolario ortografico italiano-bresciano di Giovanni ScaramellaGiovanni Scaramella’s orthography -B. Samarani, Vocabolario cremasco-italiano, 1852Classical Cremasque orthography (by Bonifacio Samarani)A. Peri, Vocabolario cremonese italiano, 1847Classical Cremasque orthography (by Angelo Peri)Sito web del dialetto di AlbosaggiaVocabolario italiano-dialèt bośàc'p -Vocabolario Pavese-italiano e Italiano-paveseClassical Pavese orthographyby Carlo Gambini -Vocabolario Pavese-Italiano con l'aggiunta delle frasi più comuniClassical Pavese orthographyby Rodolfo Manfredi -Vocabolario dialettale di Chiuro e CastionettoOrthography by the IDEVVIDEVV = Institute of Valtellinese and Valchiavennese dialectology and ethnography p -Vocabolario Bergamasco-Italiano di Stefano Zappettini del 1859Close to theclassical Milanese Orthography -Piccol dizionario del dialetto pizzighettonese a cura di Pietro Bonardi e Jessica Bettinelli -A. Tiraboschi, Vocabolario dei dialetti bergamaschi antichi e moderni, 1873 C. Francia, E. Gambarini, Dizionario bergamasco-italiano e italiano-bergamasco, 2005Sources used for the dictionary - Vocabolario dei Dialetti Bergamaschi antichi e moderni, Antonio Tiraboschi - Vocabolario Bergamasco Fauna e Flora, Enrico Caffi - Una curiosa geografia bergamasca- Paesi e contrade e soprannomi delle loro genti, Martino Campagnoni e Vittorio Mora - Note di grammatica del dialetto bergamasco, Vittorio Mora - Neologisms are marked with an asteriskOrthogfraphy of the Duchy►Pietro Monti, Vocabolario dei dialetti della città e diocesi di Como, 1845.Milanese Orthography, Comasque variant, dizionari.lombard (written only in lombard)Scriver Lombard - Note = fundamental = of medium importance = rare Wiktionary in Lombard language The image below shows the main page of the Lombard language Wiktionary. To search for a word, simply write the word in the search box and then click on "search for the right word" or "ENTER" on the computer keyboard. thumb|990px|center|How to search for a word in the Lombard language Wiktionary Inside the Wiktionary pages, as shown in the example below, there are: Definitions in Lombard; The spellings of the same word in different orthographies and dialects; The pronunciation of the same word in different dialects; The etymology; Translation into several languages; ... thumb|550px|center|Example of Wiktionary page in Lombard language As with all Wiki projects, anyone can contribute by accepting to release a contribution under the conditions of the GNU Free Documentation License. Automatic translators Since the end of 2022, the progress of artificial intelligence, in particular made available by Open AI, has begun to actually allow the automatic translation of the Lombard language as well. Furthermore, since June 2024, again thanks to artificial intelligence, the Lombard language has been introduced into "Google Translate". Nowadays translationsAugust 2024 do not always provide accurate and correct results. Translations from English to Lombard are not always successful, and anyway, given the widespread presence of errors, can be used mainly by a person who knows Lombard as a starting point to speed up a translation; this is comprehensible since artificial intelligence draws from online materials that are written in different orthographies and dialects. We could expect an improvement in the coming years if the lombard writers converge in the use of a single orthography. Translations from Lombardy to English are better, although also in this case they are not 100% accurated. Google translate From 28 June 2024, automatic translations into Lombardy are available on "Google translate" The openAI chat To use the open AI chat you must go to the site "https://chat.openai.com/auth/login" and register. Once you have registered, you can log in with your username and your password. After logging in you will have an automatic chat that gives answers thanks to artificial intelligence taking as source material what foeund on the web. To obtain translations from Lombard to Ensglish you must write in the chat: "translate from Lombard into English:" followed by the text to be translated. We proceed in a similar way to obtain translations from Italian to English. Note