Spanish/Lessons/¿Qué comes?

80px|left|Geometríaright|70px Lesson 6 — ¿Qué comes? right|200px|thumb|Aconcagua mountain in the Argentinian Andes. __FORCETOC__ right|200px|thumb|Catedral de Jaén in Spain. Dialogue Vocabulary Necesitar To need Zumo de Juice [of] Raúl: Hola. ¿Qué compras? Sofía: Hola, Raúl. Compro una barra de pan y una botella de leche. Raúl: Vale. Así, ¿tomas leche y pan tostado para tu desayuno? Sofía: Sí. Y tú, ¿qué desayunas? Raúl: Normalmente, tomo zumo de naranja y una manzana. Sofía: Y ¿tienes la comida que necesitas? Raúl: Sí. Adiós. Sofía: ¡Hasta luego! Translation (wait until the end of the lesson). Food and Drink 100px|Bread 100px|Cheese 100px|Egg 100px|Rice 100px|Pasta Pan (m) Queso (m) Huevo (m) Arroz (m) Pasta (f) 100px|Tomato 90px|Lettuce 90px|Cucumber 100px|Carrot 100px|Potato Tomate (m) Lechuga (f) Pepino (m) Zanahoria (f) Patata (f) 100px|Apple 100px|Banana 90px|Orange 65px|Pear 65px|Grape Manzana (f) Plátano (m) Naranja (f) Pera (f) Uva (f) 70px|Water 65px|Milk 60px|Wine 100px|Coffee 100px|Tea Agua (m) Leche (f) Vino (m) Café (m) Té (m) Notes (m) above indicates that the noun is masculine (el queso — "the cheese"; los plátanos — "the bananas"), whereas (f) above indicates that it is feminine (la lechuga — "the lettuce"; las uvas — "the grapes") In South America, papa is used instead of patata and Plátano refers to a plantain or cooking banana whereas a normal sweet banana is known as a banana or banano. While agua is feminine, it takes the masculine articles un and el. For example, el agua curiosa ("the strange water") and las aguas curiosas ("the strange waters"). This is because agua starts with an accented a. Con means "with", sin means without (café con leche means "coffee with milk", café sin leche means "coffee without milk"). Wine comes in two varieties, "red" and "white". In Spanish, they are called vino tinto and vino blanco. Examples Me gustan los huevos. I like eggs. No me gusta nada la lechuga. I don't like lettuce at all. Me encanta el té con leche. I love tea with milk Me gustan mucho las zanahorias, pero los pepinos son aburridos. I like carrots a lot, but cucumbers are boring. What do you eat? To ask what someone else eats, use Qué followed by a form of one of the verbs below (¿Qué comes? means "What do you eat?"). To ask what someone likes to eat, use Qué te gusta then any of the verbs below (¿Qué te gusta comer? means "What do you like to eat?"). Español Inglés Comer To eat Beber To drink Tomar To have (food/drink) Desayunar To (eat) breakfast Almorzar [in Spain, comer] To (eat) lunch Cenar To dine (eat dinner) Note All of these verbs are regular except almorzar, which is one of the UE Verbs we learnt about in the last chapter; almuerzo, almuerzas, almuerza, almorzamos, almorzáis, almuerzan. Examples ¿Qué te gusta almorzar? What do you like to eat for lunch? Como naranjas y plátanos, pero no me gustan las peras. I eat oranges and bananas, but I don't like pears. Me gusta comer uvas. I like to eat grapes. ¿Bebes leche? Do you drink milk? A bottle of wine Español Inglés Algo de Some Un vaso de A glass of Una copa de Una botella de A bottle of Una barra de A loaf of Un kilo de A kilo of Un kilo y mediο de One and a half kilos of Un kilo y cuarto de One and a quarter kilos of Μedio kilo de Half a kilo of Un cuarto de kilo de A quarter of a kilo of Notes We previously learnt "unos/unas" as the translation for "some", e.g. unas manzanas ("some apples"), but this only works for plural nouns. "Some bread" has to be translated as algo de pan or just pan. Also, there are two ways of saying "a glass of". Copa is for glasses with a stem (mostly wine: una copa de vino), and vaso is used for without a stem. Obviously, in all these phrases, the un can be replaced with any number (Dos vasos de leche means "two glasses of milk"). Examples Tres botellas de vino tinto Three bottles of red wine Un medio kilo de arroz Half a kilo of rice Una barra de pan A loaf of bread Cinco kilos y medio de patatas Five and a half kilos of potatoes Go to the exercises. In the Shop In Spanish, as in English, there are many ways of expressing what you would like to buy, some of which are listed below. You will also see some other useful words and phrases to use when shopping for food. Español Inglés Quisiera I would like Querría Me gustaría Ahí está(n) There you go; voila. Comprar To buy La cuenta The bill / account Cobrar To settle in cash Costar To cost Una tienda A shop Notes Comprar is a regular verb (compro, compras, compra, compramos, compráis, compran). With ahí está(n), the n is added if the noun is plural. Costar is a O => UE verb (cuesto, cuestas, cuesta, costamos, costáis, cuestan), but obviously, you only use the third person. Also, if you want to say "How much does it cost?" you use ¿Cuánto cuesta(n)? (cuesta is for singular things, cuestan for plurals, as seen below). In a bar or café in Spain, one usually pays for everything on leaving ¿La cuenta, por favor? is to ask for the bill and it relates to the verb contar - to count or to tell. Alternatively cobrar (collect) relates to payment (or cash) ¿me cobra? = may I pay? Examples Quisiera una manzana, por favor. I would like an apple, please. Querría comprar una barra de pan. I'd like to buy a loaf of bread. Me gustaría comprar una botella de vino tinto, por favor. I'd like to buy a bottle of red wine, please. ¿Cuánto cuestan las uvas? How much do the grapes cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta un kilo de patatas? What does a kilo of potatoes cost? Go to the exercises. Adjectives "E" and Consonant Adjectives In Spanish, clearly not all adjectives end in "o" or "a". The good thing about these is that they stay the same, irrespective of gender. Adjectives ending in "e" add an "s" when in the plural. Adjectives ending in a consonant add an "es" when in the plural. Notes When an adjective (or indeed a noun) ends in z, it changes to a c in plural, then adds the "es" (feliz/felices — "happy"). Examples El hombre amable The friendly man La mujer amable The friendly woman Los niños amables The friendly boys Las niñas amables The friendly girls El hombre difícil The difficult man La mujer difícil The difficult woman Los niños difíciles The difficult boys Las niñas difíciles The difficult girls Colours Colours in Spanish are just adjectives, so they still have to agree and go after the noun. They are shown below. Inglés Español Red       Rojo(a) Orange       Naranja / Anaranjado(a) Yellow       Amarillo(a) Green       Verde Blue       Azul Purple       Morado(a) / Violeta Brown       Marrón / Pardo(a) / Café Pink       Rosa / Rosado(a) White       Blanco(a) Grey       Gris Black       Negro(a) Notes Adjectives can function as nouns if you add an article in front of them. For example, el morado means "the purple one". Take care with Brown! The plural form of marrón is marrones (without the accent); las zanahorias marrones means "the brown carrots". Marrones glacés are (in Spanish as in Italian) candied chestnuts. Hair and eyes color brown is usually Castaño (chesnut). Brown skin color is Moreno (tanned). The adjective negrita (Literally:little black/bold face) is a term of familiarity or endearment is in Spanish and not to be confused with an offensive English expression. Naranja is only the noun form of the word; when used as an adjective, anaranjado is used. The color rosa ends in "a" even if applied to a masculine noun; el balón rosa, "the pink ball" Examples La manzana verde The green apple Los huevos blancos The white eggs El queso amarillo The yellow cheese Las naranjas anaranjadas The orange oranges Go to the exercises. Summary In this lesson, you have learnt How to say some foods and drinks (la lechuga; una manzana; la leche). How to say you eat and drink things (como, comes, come, comemos, coméis, comen). How to say some simple quantities (un kilo de patatas; una copa de vino tinto) What to say in a shop (quisiera; querría; la cuenta). How to form adjectives that don't end in "O" or "A" (la tienda verde; los quesos azules) You should now do the exercise related to each section (found here), and translate the dialogue at the top before moving on. You have now completed this chapter! Return to the Contents...