USMLE Step 1 Review/Free association

Clinical - Free Association Proud Dead Guys and Other Diseases a Addison’s Disease - primary adrenocortical deficiency Addisonian Anemia - pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells - IF - Vit B12 - macrocytic non-megaloblastic anemia) Albright’s Syndrome - polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls Alport’s Syndrome - hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness, Type 4 collagen defect (basement membranes) Alzheimer’s - progressive dementia; tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles, apolipoprotein E4 allele, narrow gyri and wide sulci (atrophy), occipital sparing, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, plaques in hippocampus and cortex,  Acetylcholine, Hiramo bodies (inrtacellular inclusion bodies in hippocampal cells) Argyll-Robertson Pupil - loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral) “Prostitute’s Eye” - accommodates but does not react Pathognomonic for Tertiary Syphilis Arnold-Chiari Malformation - cerebellar tonsil herniation b Barrett’s esophagus- columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma) Bartter’s Syndrome - hyperreninemia Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy - similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein) Bell’s Palsy - CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face) Berger’s Disease - IgA nephropathy Bernard-Soulier Disease - defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of von willenbrand factor receptor GP 1b platelet-surface glycoprotein) Berry Aneurysm - circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed),often associated with ADPKD Bowen’s Disease - carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca) Briquet’s Syndrome - somatization disorder,psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology Broca’s Aphasia - Motor Aphasia intact comprehension Bronchiolitis RSV Brown-Sequard - hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN) Bruton’s Disease - X-linked agammaglobinemia Budd-Chiari - post-hepatic venous thrombosis Buerger’s Disease - acute inflammation of small, medium arteries * painful ischemia * gangrene * Japan * smoking Burkitt’s Lymphoma - small noncleaved cell lymphoma,EBV,8:14 translocation c Caisson Disease - gas emboli Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Median nerve entrapment in the Carpel tunnel Chagas’ Disease - Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achalasia Chediak-Higashi Disease - Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy• repeated infections Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 21-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt loss, hypotension 11-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt retention, hypertension Conn’s Syndrome - primary aldosteronism Cori’s Disease - glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - prion infection * cerebellar & cerebral degeneration Crigler-Najjar Syndrome - congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated),self mutilation,glucuronyl transferase deficiency Crohn’s • IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas (contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, * colon cancer risk) Croup - Parainfluenza Curling’s Ulcer - acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns Cushing’s Disease - hypercorticism 2* to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma) Cushing's Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1* adrenal or ectopic) Cushing’s Ulcer - acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma d de Quervain’s Thyroiditis - self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis) DiGeorge’s Syndrome - thymic hypoplasia * T-cell deficiency,hypoparathyroidism Doll's Eyes - patient comatose with intact brain stem, eyes remain fixed and seem to move opposite the movement of the head Down’s Syndrome - trisomy 21 or translocation Dressler’s Syndrome - Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune Dubin-Johnson Syndrome - congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated),striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - deficiency of dystrophin protein, MD X-linked recessive e Edwards’ Syndrome - trisomy 18,rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease Ehler’s-Danlos - defective collagen Eisenmenger’s Complex - late cyanotic shunt (R to L) pulmonary HTN & RVH secondary to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA Erb-Duchenne Palsy - trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip Ewing Sarcoma - undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone. Translocation (11;22) Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ on glans penis f Fanconi Syndrome - impaired proximal tubular reabsorption secondary to lead poisoning or Tetracycline. Useful Websites Pixorize: USMLE Step 1 Mnemonics