Flora of New York/Fagales

Fagales Cucurbitales Geraniales The order Fagales is part of the nitrogen-fixing clade: font-size:100%;line-height:100%; nitrogen‑fixing clade  Fabales Rosales Cucurbitales  Fagales  Fagaceae (beech family: oak, chestnut, and beech) Myricaceae (bayberry family: sweet-fern and bayberry) Juglandaceae (walnut family: walnut and hickory) Betulaceae (birch family: alder, birch, hornbeam, and hazelnut) However, the vast majority of species able to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules are in the Fabaceae (legume family). In the Fagales, only the Myricaceae (bayberry family) and Alnus (alder) species are able to fix nitrogen. Fagales species primarily take the form of trees. They have also been placed in the Juglandales. Family Fagaceae The Fagaceae (beech family) contains the oaks (Quercus), chestnuts (Castanea), and beeches (Fagus).Fagaceae Paul S. Manos, Zhe-Kun Zhou, and Charles H. Cannon 2001 Systematics of Fagaceae: Phylogenic Test of Reproductive Trait Evolution International Journal of Plant Sciences 162(6) 1361–1379 http://www.ecologicalevolution.org/content/pdf/manos01.pdf Subfamily Quercoideae The Quercoideae, as organized here, includes the oaks and the chestnuts. Tribe Querceae Querceae currently comprises only genus Quercus. In previous schemes, the tribe also included upgraded Quercus subgenera, including Macrobalanus (large-fruited white oaks) and Erythrobalanus (red and black oaks).Thomas Denk et al. (2017) "An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks: review of previous taxonomic schemes and synthesis of evolutionary patterns" Hui-Lin Li & Ju-Ying Hsiao (1973) "A Preliminary Study of the Chemosystematics of American Oaks: Phenolic Characters of Leaves." Bartonia 42:5-13, 1973. www.jstor.org/stable/41610363. Quercus The genus Quercus contains the oaks, which comprise about 30 taxa of trees and shrubs in New York. Two sections of oaks in the subgenus Quercus are found in the state: sect. Quercus (white oaks) and sect. Lobate (red oaks). They commonly hybridized only within their own section.Steven D. Glenn (2013). Quercus. New York Metropolitan Flora Project. Quercus sect. Quercus Chestnut Oak - Quercus montana, Meadowood Farm SRMA, Mason Neck, Virginia.jpg Quercus montanachestnut oak The Quercus section Quercus contains the white-oak group, most members of which have leaves with rounded lobes. White oaks produce acorns that mature in a single season and are relatively sweet. Fagales Fagaceae Quercoideae Quercus Quercus Quercus Quercus Quercus Quercus White oak group 341 30 Quercus alba L. 1753 Quercus alba L. 1803 Quercus alba L. pinnatifida Michx. 1803 Quercus alba L. repanda Michx. 1838 Quercus repanda (Michx.) Raf. (nom. illeg.) 1838 Quercus nigrescens Raf. 1838 Quercus retusa Raf. 1841 Quercus candida Steud. 1891 Quercus ramosa Dippel 1918 Quercus alba L. latiloba Sarg. 1924 Quercus alba L. longigemma Trel. 1924 Quercus alba L. ryderi Trel. 1960 Quercus alba L. subcaerulea Pickens & M.Pickens 1960 Quercus alba L. subflavea Pickens & M.Pickens White oak Eastern white oak Stave oak Chêne blanc Native Secure 7 FACU Perennial Tree Sun - shade S5, G5 6301 5 Quercus alba L. - white oak - Dry to mesic forests. Tolerant of a wide variety of soil types it is lacking in the most xeric woodlands, in cool habitats, and in the richest deepest soils. Some forests were previously selectively logged for this species, and perhaps as a result, white oak is less frequent than it was formerly. Demonstrably secure in New York State. QUAL NN 295763-1 5959 quercus/alba 19290 316805 233501007 13100028 295763-1 QUAL Quercus%20alba Quercus%20alba NAS-001g Quercus alba.png Quercus bicolor Willd. 1783 Quercus prinus L. platanoides Lam. 1785 Quercus alba L. palustris Marshall 1790 Quercus alba L. palustris Castigl. (nom. illeg.) 1801 Quercus bicolor Willd. 1818 Quercus bicolor Willd. mollis Nutt. 1842 Quercus prinus L. bicolor Spach 1864 Quercus velutina L'Hér. ex A.DC. (nom. illeg.) 1864 Quercus filiformis Muhl. ex A.DC (pro syn.) 1864 Quercus bicolor Willd. platanoides A.DC. 1886 Quercus discolor Aiton bicolor Hampton 1891 Quercus bicolor Willd. angustifolia Dippel 1891 Quercus bicolor Willd. cuneiformis Dippel 1892 Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw. Swamp white oak Chêne bicolore Chêne bleu Native Secure 7 OBL FACW Perennial Tree Part shade S5, G5 1501 5 QUBI NN 295855-1 5960 quercus/bicolor 19300 400308 233501012 13100038 QUBI NAS-007g Quercus bicolor.png Quercus montana Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 440 (1805) 1789 Quercus prinus L. lata Aiton 1789 Quercus prinus L. oblongata Aiton 1789 Quercus rubra L. montana Aiton (nom. illeg.) 1801 Quercus prinus L. monticola Michx. 1801 Quercus prinus L. palustris Michx. 1803 Quercus pumila Michx. (nom. illeg.) 1805 Quercus montana Willd. 1838 Quercus carpinifolia Raf. 1838 Quercus granulata Raf. 1838 Quercus longifolia Raf. 1838 Quercus versicolor Raf. 1864 Quercus monticola G.Kirchn. 1891 Quercus carolineana Dippel Chestnut oak 2023 New York Flora Atlas, GBIF Mountain chestnut oak 2020 Flora of North America Rock chestnut oak 2020 Flora of North America Native Secure 8 UPL Perennial Tree 1505 5 QUPR2 N0 as Quercus prinus 4R5KM 2881118 296471-1 quercus/montana 19379 400316 233501064 Quercus_montana NAS-008g Quercus montana.png Quercus prinoides Willd. Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 397 (1801) 1785 Quercus prinus L. humilis Marshall 1801 Quercus prinus L. pumila Michx. 1801 Quercus prinoides Willd. 1811 Quercus prinus L. chincapin F.Michx. 1814 Quercus chinquapin Pursh 1838 Quercus prinoides Raf. (nom. illeg.) 1838 Quercus chincapin (F.Michx.) Raf. 1877 Quercus castanea Muhl. prinoides (Willd.) Muhl. ex Engelm. 1886 Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. humilis (Marshall) Britton 1907 Quercus prinoides Willd. rufescens Rehder 1918 Quercus rufescens (Rehder) E.P.Bicknell Dwarf chinquapin oak Scrub chestnut oak Native Secure 8 FACU UPL Perennial Tree-shrub 1515 5 QUPR NN quercus/prinoides 19397 312144 233501075 Quercus_prinoides NAS-011g Quercus prinoides.png Quercus macrocarpa Michx. 1801 Quercus macrocarpa Michx. 1812 Quercus olivaeformis F.Michx. 1838 Cerris macrocarpa (Michx.) Raf. 1838 Cerris oliviformis (F.Michx.) Raf. 1856 Quercus macrocarpa Michx. oliviformis (F.Michx.) A.Gray 1876 Quercus macrocarpa Michx. depressa (Nutt.) Engelm. 1924 Quercus macrocarpa Michx. oliviformis (F.Michx.) Trel 1931 Quercus mandanensis Rydb. 1935 Quercus macrocarpa Michx. oliviformis (F.Michx.) A.Camus Bur oak Burr oak Mossy-cup oak Blue oak Chêne à gros fruits Native Likely secure 6 FAC FACU Perennial Tree-shrub 1498 4 QUMA2 NN 5965 quercus/macrocarpa 19287 30716 233501058 13100002 QUMA2 Quercus%20macrocarpa NAS-004g Quercus macrocarpa.png Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. 1803 Quercus prinus acuminata Michx. 1877 Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. 1884 Quercus rubra muehlenbergii (Engelm.) Wenz. 1895 Quercus acuminata Sarg. illeg. 1901 Quercus brayi Small Chinkapin oak Chinquapin oak Yellow chestnut oak Chêne jaune Chêne de Mühlenberg Native Likely secure 8 FACU UPL Perennial Tree 1514 4 QUMU NN 5966 quercus/muehlenbergii 504714 104673 242417084 13100108 NAS-010g Quercus muehlenbergii.png Quercus stellata Wangenh. 1787 Quercus stellata Wangenh. 1803 Quercus obtusiloba Michx. 1918 Quercus minor (Marshall) Sarg. 1918 Quercus stellata Wangenh. attenuata 1918 Quercus stellata Wangenh. parviloba Post oak Chêne étoilé Chêne à étoilé Native Likely secure 9 FACU UPL Perennial Tree 1507 4 QUST N0 quercus/stellata 400613 233501087 Quercus%20stellata Quercus stellata nymap.svg NAS-005g Quercus stellata.png Quercus robur L. 1753 Quercus robur L. 1790 Quercus pedunculata Ehrh. English oak Pedunculate oak European oak Chêne pédonculé Introduced Eurasia Cultivated Rarely naturalizes Perennial Tree 1510 X QURO2 XX quercus/robur 30739 Quercus robur nymap.svg NAS-002b Quercus robur.png Quercus Quercus White oak group 341 X (excluded taxa) Quercus michauxii Nutt. 1818 Quercus michauxii Nutt. Swamp chestnut oak Basket oak Cow oak N. America native southeastern U.S. Excluded X 304 EXCLUDED QUMI N0 70537 13100102 Excluded nymap.svg QuercusMichauxiiLeaf.jpg Quercus margarettae (Ashe) Small 1894 Quercus minor (Marshall) Sarg. margarettae Ashe 1903 Quercus margaretta (Ashe) Small 1913 Quercus stellata Wangenh. margarettae (Ashe) Sarg. 1983 Quercus stellata Wangenh. margarettae (Ashe) A.E.Murray Sand post oak Runner oak Dwarf post oak N. America native southeastern U.S. Excluded X 305 EXCLUDED QUMA13 N0 195192 452469 233501059 13101615 216046-2 Excluded nymap.svg NAS-005f Quercus stellata.png Quercus sect. Quercus hybrids These are the naturally-occurring white oak hybrids found in New York State. Fagales Fagaceae Quercoideae Quercus Quercus Quercus Quercus White oak group 341 30 Quercus Quercus × saulii C.K.Schneid. Quercus alba Quercus montana Saul's oak white oak chestnut oak Native Vulnerable 1521 3? QUSA N0 quercus/alba 19414 Quercus × saulii nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × jackiana Schneid. Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Jack's oak white oak swamp-white oak Chêne de Jack Native Endangered 1520 1? Suffolk & Richmond only QUJA NN 5976 quercus/alba Quercus × jackiana nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × faxonii Trel. Quercus alba Quercus prinoides Faxon's oak white oak dwarf chinkapin oak Native Endangered 1525 1? QUFA2 N0 quercus/alba Quercus × faxonii nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × fernowii Trel. Quercus alba Quercus stellata Fernow's oak white oak post oak Native Endangered Impersistent 1527 1? QUFE2 N0 quercus/alba nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × schuettei Trel. Quercus bicolor Quercus macrocarpa Quercus × hillii Trel. Schuette's oak swamp white oak burr oak Chêne de Schuette Native Unranked 1504 U QUSC2 NN 5979 quercus/bicolor nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × bebbiana C.K.Schneid. Quercus alba Quercus macrocarpa Bebb's oak white oak burr oak Chêne de Bebb Native Unranked 0 U QUBE3 NN 5973 quercus/alba nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × deamii Trel. Quercus macrocarpa Quercus muehlenbergiiTrelease (1924) considered Q.× deamii to be Q.alba × Q.muehlenbergii. Bartlett (1951) showed that Q.macrocarpa × Q.muehlenbergii were more likely to have been the real parents of Q.× deamii. Meanwhile E.J.Palmer (1948) published the name Q.× fallax for oaks with that parentage. So now Q.× fallax is considered to be a synonym of Q.× deamii. 1917 Quercus × deamii Trel. 1948 Quercus × fallax E.J.Palmer Deam's oak burr oak chinkapin oak Chêne de Deam Native Unranked 1497 U QUDE NN 5974 quercus/macrocarpa 19317 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus sect. Lobatae thumb|160px|right|Red oak The Quercus section Lobatae (similar to sect. Erythrobalanus) contains the red oak group, most members of which have leaves with pointed or spiny lobes. Red oaks produce acorns that require two seasons (18 months) to mature and are relatively bitter. Note that Quercus lobata (a California native) is a member of sect. Querca, not sect. Lobatae, as might be inferred from its name. The oaks of this group are especially susceptible to the oak wilt fungus (Bretziella fagacearum. formerly Ceratocystis fagacearum).Oak Wilt in the Northeastern and Midwestern States. A Story Map by the USDA Forest Service Eastern Region Fagales Fagaceae Quercoideae Quercus Quercus Lobatae Quercus Quercus Lobatae Red oak group 341 30 Quercus rubra L. 1753 Quercus rubra L. 1817 Quercus borealis Michx. 1916 Quercus maxima (Marshall) Ashe 1916 Quercus borealis Michx. maxima (Marshall) Ashe nom. provisor. 1916 Quercus borealis Michx. maxima (Marshall) Sarg. Red oak Northern red oak Chêne rouge Native Secure 7 FACU Perennial Tree Sun - part shade 6303 5 QURU NN Quercus/rubra 19408 30744 233501079 QURU Quercus%20rubra NAS-026g Quercus rubra.png Quercus velutina Lam. 1785 Quercus velutina Lam. 1908 Quercus velutina missouriensis Sarg. 1917 Quercus missouriensis Ashe Black oak Eastern black oak Native Secure 7 UPL Perennial Tree 1512 5 QUVE NN Quercus/velutina 19447 30770 233501095 QUVE Quercus%20velutina NAS-024g Quercus velutina.png Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh. 1785 Quercus rubra nana Marshall 1787 Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh. 1895 Quercus nana (Marshall) Sarg. nom. illeg. Scrub oak Bear oak Chêne à feuilles de houx Chêne de Banister Native Secure 7 UPL Perennial Tree, shrub 1500 5 QUIL NN 5964 quercus/ilicifolia 19358 30694 233501046 QUIL Quercus%20ilicifolia NAS-021g Quercus ilicifolia.png Quercus coccinea Münchh. 1770 Quercus coccinea Münchh. 1789 Quercus rubra coccinea (Münchh.) Aiton 1918 Quercus coccinea tuberculata Sarg. Scarlet oak Native Secure 8 UPL Perennial Tree Sun 1506 5 QUCO2 N0 Quercus/coccinea 19288 30663 233501019 13100053 QUCO2 Quercus%20coccinea NAS-025g Quercus coccinea.png Quercus palustris Münchh. Otto F. von Münchhausen (1716-1774) Der Hausvater 5(1): 253. 1770. 1770 Quercus palustris Münchh. Pin oak Native Likely secure 7 FACW Perennial Tree Sun - shade 1516 4 QUPA2 NN 5967 quercus/palustris 19281 30725 210001860 13100212 QUPA2 tree/quepal Quercus palustris nymap.svg NAS-027g Quercus palustris.png Quercus marilandica Münchh. marilandica 1753 Quercus nigra marilandica L. 1770 Quercus marilandica Münchh. Blackjack oak Native Rare 7 UPL Perennial Tree 1499 3 QUMAM2 N0 400315 531372 233501060 QUMA3 Quercus marilandica var marilandica nymap.svg NAS-020g Quercus marilandica.png Quercus phellos L. 1753 Quercus phellos L. Willow oak Native Endangered 8 FACW FAC Perennial Tree 1508 1 QUPH N0 19282 30731 233501073 QUPH Quercus phellos nymap.svg NAS-014f Quercus phellos.png Quercus shumardii Buckley 1860 Quercus shumardii Buckley Shumard('s) oak Shumard red oak Southern red oak Swamp red oak Native Endangered 8 FACW FAC Perennial Tree, shrub 1518 1 QUSHS2 NN 19417 70539 QUSHS2 Quercus shumardii nymap.svg Quercus shumardii (23513714694).jpg Quercus imbricaria Michx. 1801 Quercus imbricaria Michx. 1842 Quercus phellos imbricaria (Michx.) Spach 1936 Erythrobalanus imbricaria (Michx.) O.Schwarz Shingle oak Laurel oak Introduced midwestern US Midwest native Not naturalized FAC FACU Perennial Tree 1511 X QUIM N0 Quercus/imbricaria 105053 233501047 13100083 QUIM Quercus%20imbricaria nymap.svg NAS-015f Quercus imbricaria.png Quercus Lobatae Red oak group 341 X (excluded taxa) Quercus falcata Michx. André Michaux (1746-1802). Histoire des Chênes de l'Amérique no.16, pl.28. 1801. 1801 Quercus falcata Michx. Southern red oak Spanish oak N. America native southern U.S. Excluded X 303 EXCLUDED QUFA N0 233501030 13100245 452 New York Metropolitan Flora Project (BBG) shows Quercus falcata in northeastern New Jersey, within then New York City metropolitan area. Excluded nymap.svg NAS-023f Quercus falcata.png Quercus pagoda Raf. 1824 Quercus falcata Michx. pagodifolia Elliott 1838 Quercus pagoda Raf. 1896 Quercus pagodifolia (Elliott) Ashe 1917 Quercus rubra L. leucophylla Ashe 1918 Quercus rubra L. pagodifolia (Elliott) Ashe ex Sarg. 1935 Quercus falcata Michx. leucophylla (Ashe) Palmer & Steyerm. Cherrybark oak Cherry-bark oak N. America native southern U.S. Excluded X EXCLUDED QUPA5 N0 411391 13100340 Excluded nymap.svg Quercus pagoda (23842443810).jpg Quercus sect. Lobatae hybrids These are the naturally-occurring red oak hybrids found in New York State. Fagales Fagaceae Quercoideae Quercus Quercus Lobatae Quercus Red oak hybrids 341 30 Quercus Lobatae Quercus × bushii Sarg. Quercus marilandica Quercus velutina Bush's oak blackjack oak black oak Native Threatened Impersistent 1524 2 QUBU N0 Quercus × bushii nymap.svg Quercus bushii 2019-04-16 0322.jpg Quercus × brittonii W.T. Davis (pro sp.) Quercus ilicifolia Quercus marilandica Britton's oak scrub oak blackjack oak Native Endangered 1522 1? nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × rehderi Trel. Quercus ilicifolia Quercus velutina Rehder's oak scrub oak black oak Native Endangered 1523 1? QURE N0 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × hawkinsiae Sudw. Quercus rubra Quercus velutina Quercus × hawkinsi Sudw. Quercus × hawkinsii Sudw. Quercus × porteri Trelease illeg. Hawkins' oak red oak black oak Chêne de Hawkins Native Endangered 1519 1? QUHA4 NN 5975 19352 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × rudkinii Britton (pro sp.) Quercus marilandica Quercus phellos Quercus × dubia Ashe Rudkin's oak blackjack oak willow oak Native Endangered 19409 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × filialis Little Quercus phellos Quercus velutina Varileaf oak willow oak black oak Native Unranked 7095 U Staten Island only QUFI N0 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Quercus × heterophylla Michx.f. Quercus phellos Quercus rubra Quercus × hollickii Schneid. Variable-leaved oak willow oak red oak Native Unranked 1526 U Staten Island only QUHE N0 nymap.svg Dub ve Zdarskem Potoce-07-2018-zdarsky potok.jpg Quercus sect. Cerris Quercus acutissima BW-1237025.jpg Quercus acutissima The potentially invasive Asian sawtooth oak has not been listed as naturalized in New York, but it has been until recently distributed as a "conservation" tree in the state, and has been listed as naturalized in Pennsylvania. It is reported as invasive in Wisconsin, South Carolina, and Georgia. Fagales Fagaceae Quercoideae Quercus Quercus Cerris Quercus Quercus Cerris Turkish oak group 341 30 Quercus cerris L. Quercus cerris L. European turkey oak 2022 New York Flora Atlas Turkey oak 2022 iNaturalist Introduced Potentially invasive 1276 12457 160936162/verbatim Present SNA 7616 Xm 2880580 30655 nymap.svg New York (2013) 5 SE counties Цер – реси (съцветия).jpg Quercus acutissima Carruth. Sawtooth oak ARS-GRIN: J.M.Englert, et al. (NRCS Cons Pl Mat) 2001 Sawhorn oak ARS-GRIN: A.Huxley, ed. (Dict Gard ) 1994 Introduced Asia Potentially invasive Cultivated Not naturalized NPS 1137 10086 160934399/verbatim Invasive 0 0 Not listed QUAC80 X0 167634-Quercus-acutissima 70535 Quercus%20acutissima nymap.svg Not listed 11 counties Quercus acutissima BW-1237024.jpg Tribe Castaneeae Castanea Castanea dentata 3152.jpg Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.American chestnut Native American chestnut trees (Castanea dentata) were a major component of many New York forests until the introduction of the exotic chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) in the late 19th century. Mature American chestnuts are now rare, but stump sprouts are keeping the chestnut genome alive. Fagales Fagaceae Castanoideae Castanea Castanea Chestnut 965 4 Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 1785 Fagus dentata Marshall as Fagus-castanea dentata 1800 C. dentata (Marshall) Borkh. 1803 C. vesca americana Michx. 1817 C. americana (Michx.) Raf. American chestnut Chestnut Châtaignier d'Amérique Native Likely secure 6 UPL Perennial Tree 1509 4 Onon-Cayu-Tomp-Oswe-Madi CADE12 NN Onon-Tomp-Oswe-Madi-Wayn Castanea/dentata 9435 233500325 13100209 Castanea dentata status is misleading because although the species is not rare and will likely persist, chestnut blight prevents the trees from maturing. Most grow from root suckers. Castanea dentata nymap.svg Castanea dentata 3144.jpg Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. 1768 Fagus pumila L. 1768 Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. 1818 Castanea alnifolia Nutt Chinquapin Chinkapin Dwarf chestnut Flora Novae Angliae:2011-2017 Allegheny chinquapin N. America native Unranked 7 UPL 1503 X CAPU9 N0 castanea/pumila 233500327 CAPU9 Castanea%20pumila Castanea pumila nymap.svg NAS-105 Castanea pumila.png Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. Japanese chestnut NYFA: 2017 Korean chestnut NYFA: 2017 Introduced Unk. naturalization 7298 Xu CACR27 X0 Suffolk only 421 nymap.svg Castanea crenata3.jpg Castanea sativa Mill. Castanea vesca Castanea vulgaris European chestnut Introduced Europe Impersistent Not naturalized 1528 X CASA27 X0 castanea/sativa Castanea sativa nymap.svg Castanea sativa - Sweet chestnut, Giresun 2016 01-4.jpg Castanea Chestnut 965 X (excluded taxa) Castanea mollissima Blume Chinese chestnut Flora Novae Angliae Introduced Excluded X 741 EXCLUDED - was Sull, Rens only CAMO83 X0 not in NY castanea/mollissima Excluded nymap.svg Castanea mollissima 1.jpg Subfamily Fagoideae Fagus American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) bark and foliage.jpg American beech (Fagus grandifolia) The American beech, Fagus grandifolia, is a widespread hardwood tree in New York, and historically associated with Acer saccharum (sugar maple) in Beech-maple forest beech-maple climax forests. The American beech, however, is susceptible to beech bark disease, which is now common in New York. The disease is made possible by the non-native beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga, which pierces the bark to feed on the sap. The resulting holes allow Nectria fungus spores to enter. Eventually the exotic fungus kills portions of inner bark and induces cankers that often girdle and kill the tree.David R. Houston & James T. O'Brien (1985), "Beech Bark Disease", USDA Forest Service Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet 75. Given these facts, the "secure" status for American beech may be counter-intuitive, but the loss of larger infected trees increases the number of root suckers and stump sprouts, causing dense beech thickets, which have little benefit for wildlife or timber harvesters. So, as with other disease-prone trees such as American elm and American chestnut, the threat of extirpation is low, even though the health of the existing population remains poor. In fact, foresters in New York often consider the American beech to be a native invasive or interfering species and treat beech tree stumps with glyphosate immediately after cutting to prevent such resprouts."Woodland Guidelines for the Control and Management of American Beech", Cornell University Cooperative Extension, Department of Natural Resources, Ithaca, NY (www.ForestConnect.info) Fagales Fagaceae Fagoideae Fagus Fagus Beech 860 2 FAGUS Beech Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1788 Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1789 Fagus ferruginea Aiton 1826 Fagus americana Sweet 1907 Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. caroliniana (Loudon) Fernald & Rehder 1940 Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. heterophylla Camp American beech Hêtre américain Native Secure 1517 5 FAGR NN 5957 Fagus/grandifolia 100831 13100023 Incorrectly identified as American Beech - Flickr - pellaea.jpg Fagus sylvatica L. 1753 Fagus sylvatica L. European beech Introduced Eurasia 1529 X FASY XX 16557 13100405 Fagus sylvatica flower kz1.jpg Family Myricaceae The Myricaceae Blume 1829 (bayberry family) contains the bayberry, sweetgale, and sweet-fern species.Myricaceae Robert L. Wilbur (1994) recommended splitting Myrica (bayberry and sweetgale), moving most of the bayberry species to Morella and leaving sweetgale in Myrica. He also expressed doubt about whether the two eastern North American bayberry species, M. pensylvanica and M. caroliniensis, were distinct enough to be considered separate species.Robert L. Wilbur (1994). "The Myricaceae of the United States and Canada: genera, subgenera, and series." SIDA, Contributions to Botany 16(1):93-107. In 2002, Wilbur made the recommendation that the two eastern North American bayberry species should be treated as a single species, Morella caroliniensis.R.L. Wilbur (2002). "The identity and history of Myrica caroliniensis (Myricaceae)." Rhodora 104:39. Comptonia Fagales Myricaceae Myriceae Comptonia Comptonia Sweet-fern 1045 1 L’Hér. 1789 Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M.Coult. 1753 Liquidambar peregrina L. 1753 Myrica aspleniifolia L. 1763 Liquidambar aspleniifolia (L.) L. 1789 Comptonia aspleniifolia (L.) L’Hér. 1891 Myrica peregrina (L.) Kuntze 1894 Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M.Coult. Sweet fern Fern gale Comptonie voyageuse Comptonie à feuilles d'asplénie Native Secure 6 Perennial Shrub, subshrub 1923 5 Native & demonstrably secure in New York State - Barrens, rocky summits, woodlands, fields and clearings, open heathlands, roadsides, and utility rights-of-way. A plant of open dry thin acidic soils. COPE80 NN Native to Eastern US and Canada 6678 Comptonia/peregrina 501619 400154 233500420 21700001 Comptonia%20peregrina Comptonia peregrina nymap.svg Comptonia peregrina kz3.jpg Myrica Fagales Myricaceae Myriceae Myrica Myrica Sweetgale 115 1 L. 1754 Myrica gale L. 1753 Myrica gale L. 1889 Gale palustris Chev. Sweet bayberry Bog-myrtle Sweet gale Meadow-fern Myrique baumier Bois-sent-bon Native Secure Circumoreal OBL Perennial Shrub 1924 5 MYGA NN NC:endangered, PA:threatened 19265 24842 220008911 Myrica gale nymap.svg Bog myrtle - geograph.org.uk - 482608.jpg Morella Some sources, including the New York Flora Atlas, treat northern and southern bayberry as a single species. Other sources treat them separately. If treated as two distinct species, only northern bayberry (Morella pensylvanica) is thought to be native or naturalized in New York. But, if treated as as single species, Morella caroliniensis would have priority as the species name. Fagales Myricaceae Myriceae Morella Morella Bayberry 871 1 Lour. 1790 Morella pensylvanica (Mirb.) Kartesz 1804 Myrica pensylvanica Mirb. 1919 Myrica macfarlanei Youngken 1937 Cerothamnus pensylvanicus Moldenke 1999 Morella pensylvanica (Mirb.) KarteszNYFA lists Morella pensylvanica as Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small, with Myrica pensylvanica as a synonym. However, the other sources listed here (except for Flora Novae Angliae @Go Botany) do not treat northern and southern bayberry as the same species. Flora of North America lists southern bayberry as Myrica heterophylla, and after discussing the minor differences between northern and southern bayberry, states "Whether these differences are sufficient to warrant the recognition of distinct species is yet to be satisfactorily resolved." Northern bayberry Candleberry, Waxberry Tallow bayberry Tallowshrub Swamp candleberry Candlewood Cirier de Pennsylvanie Myrique de Pennsylvanie Native Likely secure 7 FAC Perennial Shrub S4, G5 1925 4 as Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small (same as below) - bayberry - This species is found in a few, apparently very different, habitat types including upland maritime habitats, dunes, rich open to forested fens, and open habitats in sandy or thin acidic soils. MOPE6 NN 6681 Morella pensylvanica (Mirbel) Kartesz not listed 507904 419850 233500794 100437171 MOPE6 Morella%20pensylvanica e310 Morella pensylvanica nymap.svg Morella pensylvanica kz3.jpg Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small 1768 Myrica caroliniensis Mill. 1838 Myrica heterophylla Raf. 1903 Morella caroliniensis Small 1910 Cerothamnus caroliniensis Tidestr. Southern bayberry Evergreen bayberry Wax-myrtle Small bayberry N. America native 1925 4 as Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small (same as above) MOCA7 N0 as Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small not listed (southern species) morella/caroliniensis 507898 417146 233500792 Myrica heterophylla Raf. 1838. 21700097 Morella%20caroliniensis e310 nymap.svg Morella pensylvanica kz2.jpg Family Juglandaceae The New York members of the Juglandaceae (walnut family) include about ten reported native walnut and hickory species, and a single non-native walnut species.Juglandaceae These trees are valuable both for their timber and nut production. Subfamily Juglandoideae Both of the New York Juglandaceae tribes are placed in the Juglandoideae. Their fruits are similar in that they are composed of a nut surrounded by a fleshy outer covering so that they somewhat resemble a drupe such as a peach or plum. Tribe Juglandeae The Juglandeae in New York consist of the relatively common native black walnut and butternut (or white walnut) trees. Juglans Black walnut (Juglans nigra) may not be native to all parts of New York. It was once a dominant tree in the midwest and southeast, and was probably cultivated by Native Americans in parts of the state where it didn't occur naturally. Most butternut (Juglans cinerea) trees in the state appear to have been infected by the butternut canker (the fungus Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum) . Some naturalized "English" and possibly "Japanese" walnut trees have also been found in the southeastern part of the state. Fagales Juglandaceae Juglandoideae Juglandeae Juglans Juglans Black walnuts 67 3 Rhysocaryon Juglans nigra L. 1753 Juglans nigra L. 1861 Wallia nigra (L.) Alef. Black walnut American walnut Noyer noir Noyer noir d'Amérique Native Secure FACU Perennial Tree 1631 5 JUNI NN 6243 juglans/nigra 19254 20762 233500721 16700006 Juglans nigra nymap.svg NAS-030 Juglans nigra.png Juglans White walnuts 67 3 Trachycaryon Juglans cinerea L. 1759 Juglans cinerea L. 1861 Wallia cinerea (L.) Alef. Butternut White walnut Noyer cendré Arbre à noix longues Noix tendre Native Likely secure FACU 6297 4 JUCI NN 6242 juglans/cinerea 19250 233500716 20732 16700001 nymap.svg NAS-031 Juglans cinerea.png Juglans Asian walnuts 67 3 Cardiocaryon Juglans ailantifolia Carrière 1872 Juglans sieboldiana Maxim. 1878 Juglans ailantifolia Carrière Japanese walnut Siebold walnut Onigurumi Heartnut Noyer du Japon Introduced temperate Asia Naturalized 7408 X0 JUAI2 X 6241 juglans/ailantifolia 506528 20721 nymap.svg Suffolk (2012) cultivated only Juglans mandshurica var. sieboldiana fruits.JPG Juglans Hybrid walnuts 67 3 Juglans × bixbyi Rehder Juglans ailantifolia Juglans cinerea 1921 Juglans × bixbyi Rehder Bixby's walnut Buart Buartnut butternut Japanese walnut Introduced No specimens 7409 X0 JUBI3 X0 MA & TX only juglans/ailantifolia 503242 100384605 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Juglans Juglans Eurasian walnuts 67 3 (excluded taxa) Juglans regia L. 1753 Juglans regia L. 1906 Juglans duclouxiana Dode 1906 Juglans falax Dode 1906 Juglans sinensis (C.DC.) Dode 1906 Juglans kamaonica (C.DC.) Dode 1906 Juglans orientis Dode English walnut Persian walnut Common walnut Black sea walnut Madeira-nut Noyer commun Introduced Eurasia Excluded X 752 JURE80 XX 6244 not listed in New England 503244 20772 16700045 nymap.svg NAS-029 Juglans regia.png Tribe Caryeae Carya Carya cordiformis.jpg Carya cordiformis North American hickories (Carya) are often divided into two groups: the true hickories (sect. Carya) and the pecan hickories (sect. Apocarya). Section Apocarya contains the pecan hickories, including pecan (Carya illinoinensis), water hickory (C. aquatica), and nutmeg hickory (C. myristiciformis). The wood of the trees in this section is generally considered to be a bit less dense and softer than that of the true hickories.Eric Meier (2008-2015). "True Hickory and Pecan Hickory." The Wood Database The only member of sect. Apocarya found in New York is bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis). Section Carya contains the true hickories. Recent molecular data does not strictly support using those two groups.J.B.Zhang, R.Q.Li, X.G.Xiang, S.R.Manchester, L.Lin, W.Wang, J.Wen, Z.D.Chen (2013). "Integrated fossil and molecular data reveal the biogeographic diversification of the eastern Asian-eastern North American disjunct hickory genus (Carya Nutt.)." PLoS One. 2013-Jul-16, 8(7): e70449. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070449. Fagales Juglandaceae Juglandoideae Caryeae Apocarya Carya Pecan hickories 515 8 Apocarya Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (1869) 1787 Juglans cordiformis 1869 Carya cordiformis Hicoria cordiformis Hicoria minima Bitternut hickory Swamp hickory Caryer cordiforme Caryer amer Native Secure FAC FACU 1636 5 present in NY present in New York State CACO15 NN 6235 Carya/cordiformis 400196 Carya cordiformis NY-dist-map.png NAS-033 Carya cordiformis (2x3).png Carya True hickories 515 8 Carya Carya ovata ovata (Mill.) K.Koch 1768. Juglans ovata Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.°6 1869. Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch in Dendrologie 1:598 1888. Hicorius ovata (Mill.) Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15:283 Shagbark hickory Shellbark hickory Upland hickory Caryer ovale Native Secure 7 FACU FACU Perennial Tree Heliophily: 5 Sun - shade S5 6296 5 present in NY present in New York State CAOV2 NN 30122806-2 604 6239 Carya/ovata 9255 19242 233500320 16700033 CAOV2 Carya ovata NY-dist-map.png Peeling (8846441003).jpg Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet 1768 Juglans glabra Mill. 1787 Juglans ovalis Wangenh. 1813 Juglans pyriformis Muhl., nom. nud. 1826 Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet 1913 Carya ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg. 1969 Carya glabra odorata (Marshall) Little Pignut hickory Sweet pignut Red hickory False shagbark Small pignut Native Secure FACU FACU 6295 5 CAGL8 NN 6236 Carya/glabra 9252 19231 233500317 16700022 NAS-038 Carya glabra.png Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. 1753 Juglans alba L. p.p. 1798 Juglans tomentosa Poir. in Lam. 1818 Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. 1818 Carya alba (L.) Nutt 1838 Hicoria tomentosa (Lam.) Raf. 1869 Carya alba (L.) K. Koch 1888 Hicorius alba Britton Mockernut hickory Big-bud hickory White-heart hickory White hickory Square-nut hickory Native Secure 1634 5 as Carya alba CAAL27 N0 as Carya alba 9800 carya/tomentosa 19247 9257 220002408 NYFA and NRCS list Carya tomentosa as Carya alba. ARS, ITIS, and FNA all list the accepted species name as Carya tomentosa. nymap.svg NAS-035 Carya tomentosa.png Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don Hicoria laciniosa Shellbark hickory Kingnut Big shellbark hickory Shagbark hickory Native Threatened FACW FAC 1632 2 threatened CALA21 NN MD:endangered, NY:threatened FS-SM 9254 19235 233500318 NAS-037 Carya laciniosa.png Carya × dunbarii Sarg. Carya laciniosa Carya ovata 1922 Carya × dunbarii Sarg. Dunbar's hickory Shellbark hickory Shagbark hickory Native Unranked Perennial Tree 1635 U CADU3 N0 403002 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Carya × laneyi Sarg. Carya cordiformis Carya ovata 1913 Carya × Laneyi Sarg. Laney's hickory Bitternut hickory Shagbark hickory Native Unranked 6298 U CALA34 NN 403001 19236 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Carya cordiformis × laciniosa Carya cordiformis × laciniosa Carya cordiformis Carya laciniosa Bitternut hickory Shellbark hickory N. America native No reports nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Family Betulaceae The Betulaceae (birch family) contains the alder (Alnus), birch (Betula), hornbeam (Carpinus), hop-hornbeam (Ostrya), and hazel (Corylus) trees and shrubs.Betulaceae Subfamily Betuloideae The Betuloideae contains the alders and birches. Alnus Alnus incana 1-eheep (5097501773).jpg Alnus incanaspeckled alder The genus Alnus contains trees generally referred to as alders. Fagales Betulaceae Betuloideae Alnus Alnus Alder 974 5 Alnus incana (L.) Moench rugosa (Du Roi) R.T.Clausen 1771 Betula alnus rugosa Du Roi 1784 Betula rugosa (Du Roi) Ehrh. 1826 Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. 1861 Alnus incana americana Regel 1945 Alnus rugosa americana Fernald 1949 Alnus incana rugosa R.T.Clausen 1955 Alnus americana (Regel) Czerep. Speckled alder Tag alder Swamp alder Aulne blanchâtre Native Secure 5 FACW FACU Perennial Shrub-tree 530 5 Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) R.T. Clausen - speckled alder - Forms dense thickets along drainage channels, edges of streams, edges of lakes, fens, bogs, marshes, and forested swamps. A common wetland shrub that occurs in numerous wetland habitats. ALINR NN alnus/incana 404157 233500034 Alnus incana ssp rugosa nymap.svg Alnus incana subsp rugosa kz2.jpg Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. 1789 Betula serrulata Aiton 1805 Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. 1904 Alnus noveboracensis Britton 1945 Alnus serrulata subelliptica Fernald 1967 Alnus incana serrulata B.Boivin  auct Alnus rubra non (DuRoi) Spreng Smooth alder Hazel alder Brookside alder Brook-side alder Aulne tendre Aulne blanc Aulne serrulé Native Secure 6 OBL Perennial Shrub-tree 540 5 ALSE2 NN 3680 alnus/serrulata 19468 104813 233500040 Alnus serrulata nymap.svg NAS-075 Alnus serrulata.png Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch crispa (Aiton) Raus 1789 Betula crispa Aiton 1813 Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh 1904 Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch crispa H.J.P.Winkl. 1962 Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. crispa (Aiton) Turrill 1964 Duschekia crispa (Aiton) Pouzar 2011 Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch crispa (Aiton) Raus Green alder Mountain alder American green alder Aulne vert crispé Aulne crispé Aulne tardif Native Vulnerable 9 FAC Perennial Shrub-tree 546 3 ALVIC NN 3681 alnus/viridis 181894 411499 233500042 Alnus viridis ssp crispa nymap.svg Alnus fruits.jpg Alnus × fallacina Callier Alnus incana ssp. rungosa Alnus serrulata 1911 Alnus × fallacina Callier Deceptive alder speckled alder smooth alder Native Endangered 533 1? ALFA4 N0 Ohio & NY only alnus/incana 184200 50171251 Alnus × fallacina nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. 1753 Betula alnus L. 1753 Betula alnus glutinosa L. 1757 Alnus vulgaris Hill 1790 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. 1913 Alnus alnus (L.) Britton nom. illeg. European alder Black alder European black alder Aulne glutineux Aulne noir Introduced Eurasia, n. Africa Moderately invasive 64%Alnus glutinosa Moderate 64 CP-3CP3 547 X Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. - European alder, black alder - Roadsides, thickets, ditches, stream edges, edge of coastal bays, wet low areas, and disturbed areas. Perhaps becoming a problematic non-native species at least in parts of NY. ALGL2 XX 3674 alnus/glutinosa 2448 233500032 Alnus glutinosa nymap.svg Schwarz-Erle am Blaibacher See.jpg Alnus Alder 974 X (potential hybrids) Alnus glutinosa Alnus glutinosa × serrulata European alder smooth alder Introduced No specimens alnus/glutinosa Alnus glutinosa × serrulata nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Alnus Alder 974 X (excluded taxa) Alnus incana (L.) Moench incana 1794 Alnus incana (L.) Moench p.p. Gray alder Introduced Eurasia Excluded X 309 EXCLUDED ALINI2 EXCLD 409850 Excluded nymap.svg Alnus incana Leaf.jpg Betula 2017-05-22 West Hawk Lake.jpg Betula papyrifera Betula (ˈbech-ə-lə) in New York consists of about nine native species of birch trees, at least two native hybrids, and a single naturalized non-native species (though others have likely been planted). Here they are segregated into four subgenera: Subg. Betulenta: B. alleghaniensis & B. lenta Subg. Betula: B. populifolia, B. papyrifera, B. cordifolia, & B. pendula Subg. Neurobetula: B. nigra Subg. Chamaebetula: B. pumila, B. glandulosa, & B. minor Betula subg. Betulenta Fall Creek (Revisited) (20) (11659232033).jpg Palustrine forest of hemlocks, sweet birches (Betula lenta), and yellow birches (Betula alleghaniensis) along Fall Creek, Monroe County, Pennsylvania. Subgenus Betulenta contains the wintergreen-oil birches, which in New York consist of yellow and black birch. These contain a noticeable amount of methyl salicylate in their twig bark, giving the twigs a minty odor when broken. Fagales Betulaceae Betuloideae Betula Betulenta Betula Birch 847 15 L. 1753 Betulenta Betula alleghaniensis Britton 1811 Betula lutea F.Michx. nom. illeg. 1904 Betula alleghaniensis Britton 1922 B. lutea macrolepis Fernald 1949 B. lutea alleghaniensis Rehder 1966 B. alleghaniensis fallax Brayshaw 1966 B. alleghaniensis macrolepis Brayshaw Yellow birch Bouleau jaune Bouleau des Alléghanys Merisier Native Secure 7 FAC Perennial Tree 531 5 Cayu-Oswe-Madi-Onei BEAL2 NN 3685 betula/alleghaniensis 19481 7068 233500246 3600062 32106-2 Betula alleghaniensis nymap.svg Betula alleghaniensis 5349050.jpg Betula lenta L. 1753 Betula lenta L. Black birch Sweet birch Cherry birch Bouleau flexible Merisier rouge Native Secure 6 FACU Perennial Tree 537 5 Betula lenta L. - sweet birch, cherry birch - A tree of young forests, rocky slopes, and talus slopes in mesic to dry soils. It is most common in warmer parts of NY and is an early successional species in mesic forests. Betula lenta has a nice wintergreen flavor. At one time, it was the primary source of wintergreen oil. Betula lenta was used by Native Americans to treat various ailments including colds, diarrhea, dysentery, and fevers. BELE NN 3689 betula/lenta 7107 BELE Betula lenta nymap.svg Histoire des arbres forestiers de l'Amérique septentrionale (Pl. 4) (8720659584).jpg Betula subg. Betula Gray Birches (2) (8674296706).jpg Betula populifoliagray birch Subgenus Betula contains the typical birches, which do not have methyl salicylate in their bark. Fagales Betulaceae Betuloideae Betula Betulenta Betula Birch 847 15 L. 1753 Betula Betula populifolia Marshall 1785 Betula populifolia Marshall Gray birch White birch Fire birch Bouleau à  feuilles de peuplier Bouleau gris Native Secure 4 Perennial Tree 551 5 BEPO NN Betula/populifolia 233500261 3600074 Betula populifolia nymap.svg Gray-Birch-bark (20701238634).gif Betula papyrifera Marshall 1785 Betula papyrifera Marshall 1789 B. papyracea Aiton 1841 B. alba papyrifera Spach 1919 B. papyrifera elobata Sarg. 1945 B. papyrifera commutata Fernald 1945 B. papyrifera pensilis Fernald Paper birch Canoe birch White birch Native Secure 5 FACU Perennial Tree 6304 5 BEPA NN Betula/papyrifera 3600017 Betula papyrifera nymap.svg Ecorce de bouleau.JPG Betula cordifolia Regel 1861 Betula cordifolia Regel 1901 B. papyrifera cordifolia FernaldBetula cordifolia is often treated as a variety of Betula papyrifera. According to Flora of North America, "…perhaps it should be considered an ecological race of that species." 1902 B. alba cordifolia Fernald 1982 B. papyrifera cordifolia A.E.Murray Mountain paper birch Mountain white birch Heart-leaved birch Heart-leaved paper birch Native Vulnerable 7 FACU Perennial Tree 548 3 Hami-Ulst-Stla-Gree BEPAC2 NN as Betula papyrifera Marshall var. cordifolia 3686 Betula/cordifolia 233500247 3600180 295061-1 Betula cordifolia nymap.svg Betula cordifolia bark 4x3.jpg Betula × caerulea Blanch. (pro sp.) Betula cordifolia Betula populifolia 1904 Betula caerulea-grandis Blanch. 1904 Betula caerulea Blanch. Blue birch Mountain paper birch Gray birch Bouleau bleu Native Endangered 545 1? BECA4 NN Betula × caerulea (blue birch) is listed by NRCS as a cross between papyrifera & populifolia, but FNA agrees with NYFA in stating that it as more likey [cordifolia × populifolia] 3707 Betula ×caerulea-grandis Blanchard betula/populifolia 19483 not listed in GRIN 233500261 3600464 32119-2 Betula × caerulea nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Betula pendula Roth 1788 Betula pendula Roth 1789 Betula alba pendula (Roth) Aiton 1790 Betula verrucosa Ehrh. Weeping birch Silver birch European white birch European weeping birch Bouleau verruqueux Bouleau pendant Bouleau pleureur Bouleau blanc d'Europe Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Canada & Alaska?? Naturalized FACU Perennial Tree 550 X Onon-Cayu-Tomp-Oswe BEPE3 XX 3698 Betula/pendula 7127 3600018 Betula%20pendula Betula pendula nymap.svg NAS-070a Betula pendula.png Betula Birch 847 X Betula (excluded taxa) Betula nana L. 1753 Betula nana L. Alpine birch Dwarf birch Arctic dwarf birch N. America native Canada & Alaska Excluded X 307 EXCLUDED 7117 Excluded nymap.svg Betula nana upernavik kujalleq 2007-07-25 1.jpg Betula pubescens Ehrh. pubescens Betula alba Downy birch Introduced Excluded X 680 EXCLUDED BEPUP5 XX Excluded nymap.svg Betual pubescens Blatt.jpg Betula platyphylla Sukaczev Betula latifolia Asian white birch Introduced Excluded X 678 BEPL2 X Excluded nymap.svg Changbai Betula leafage.JPG Betula subg. Neurobetula River Birch (31016283935).jpg Betula nigra Although somewhat rare in New York and native to bottomlands, especially in the Hudson Valley, river birch is also planted as a popular landscape tree in other parts of the state. Fagales Betulaceae Betuloideae Betula Neurobetula Betula Birch 847 15 L. 1753 Neurobetula Betula nigra L. 1753 Betula nigra L. 1812 Betula rubra F.Michx. River birch Red birch Black birch Native Rare 8 FACW Perennial Tree S4, G5 2.160835/Betula_nigra S4, G5 532 3 Riverbanks and low wet areas. Also commonly cultivated. With us primarily in southeastern NY. BENI N0 not listed in Canada betula/nigra A tree of floodplains and swampy bottomlands, this versatile species also grows well in drier soils. 233500258 3600067 295155-1 Betula nigra nymap.svg Betula nigra kz1.jpg Betula subg. Chamaebetula Betula pumila.jpg Betula pumilabog birch Subgenus Chamaebetula contains the dwarf birches. Fagales Betulaceae Betuloideae Betula Chamaebetula Betula Birch 847 15 L. 1753 Chamaebetula Betula pumila L. 1767 Betula pumila L. 1902 B. hallii Howell 1909 B. glandulifera (Regel) E. J. Butler Bog birch Dwarf birch Low birch Swamp birch Native Threatened 28872 Betula pumila Threatened S2 G5 9 OBL Perennial Tree 552 2 BEPU4 NN 7140 Betula pumila nymap.svg Cropped clear betula pumila.png Betula glandulosa Michx. 1803 Betula glandulosa Michx. 1911 B. exilis Sukaczev Alpine birch Tundra dwarf birch Dwarf birch Resin birch Bouleau glanduleux Native Endangered 18867 Betula glandulosa Endangered S1 G5 10 OBL Perennial Tree 534 1 BEGL NN 7092 233500248 Betula glandulosa nymap.svg Betula glandulosa ÖBG 2012-05-28 03.jpg Betula minor (Tuck.) Fernald 1843 Betula papyracea minor Tuck. 1890 B. papyrifera minor S.Watson… 1902 B. alba minor Fernald 1945 B. minor Fernald 1966 B. pubescens minor Á.Löve & D. Löve 1976 B. saxophila Lepage Dwarf white birch Dwarf birch Bouleau mineur Native Endangered 18868 Betula minor Endangered S1 G4Q 10 Perennial Tree 535 1 BEMI NN 233500252 3600170 32171-2 Betula minor nymap.svg Betula inter-subgeneric hybrids Betula × sandbergii iNat-10590929.jpg Betula × sandbergii The only known hybrid of birches from separate subgenera collected in New York is Sandberg's birch (Betula × sandbergii, of parents B. papyrifera × B. pumila). Fagales Betulaceae Betuloideae Betula Betula Birch 847 15 L. 1753 Betula × sandbergii Britton (pro sp.) Betula papyrifera Betula pumila 1904 Betula sandbergii Britton 1957 Betula × neoborealis Lepage Sandberg's birch Northern birch Paper birch Bog birch Bouleau de Sandberg Native Unranked 7189 U BESA NN 3715 betula/papyrifera 19501 7145 233500260 parent Betula papyrifera 3600442 324794-2 Betula × sandbergii nymap.svg Betula × sandbergii iNat-10590950 (3x4).jpg Betula Birch 847 X L. 1753 (excluded taxa) Betula × purpusii C.K.Schneid. Betula alleghaniensis Betula pumila 1904 Betula purpusii C.K.Schneid. 1904 Betula purpusii typica nom. inval. Purpus' birch Yellow birch Bog birch Bouleau de Purpus Native Unranked 538 U BEPU3 NN 3713 7142 233500246 in parent Betula alleghaniensis 3600457 32246-2 Betula × purpusii nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Betula × dutillyi Lepage Betula glandulosa Betula minor 1952 Betula × dutillyi Lepage Dutilly's birch Tundra dwarf birch Dwarf white birch Bouleau de Dutilly Native Unranked 0 D BEDU2 0N Eastern Canada, not in U.S. 3709 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Betula × raymundii Lepage Betula populifolia Betula pumila 1957 Betula × raymundii Lepage Raymund's birch Gray birch Bog birch Bouleau de Raymund Native Unranked 0 D BERA 0N 3714 50271609 324791-2 nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Betula alleghaniensis × papyrifera Betula alleghaniensis × papyrifera Betula alleghaniensis Betula papyrifera Un-named Yellow brirch Paper birch Native Unranked 0 D nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Subfamily Coryloideae The Coryloideae subfamily of the birch family generally includes the hornbeam (Carpineae) and hazel (Coryleae) tribes. Tribe Carpineae The Carpineae comprise the hornbeams (Carpinus) and hop-hornbeams (Ostrya). A single species of each is native to New York. Ostrya Eastern Hophornbeam - Flickr - treegrow (4).jpg Ostrya virginianaAmerican hophornbeam The genus Ostyra is generally known as hop-hornbeam, or ironwood. Of the approximately nine Ostyra species worldwide, only the Eastern hop-hornbeam species is known to grow outside of cultivation in New York. Because of its small size, shade tolerance, low timber value, and high reproductive rate, hop-hornbeam is often considered to be an undesirable understory species in forests being used for commercial timber production.Peter Smallidge & Kristi Sullivan (2014). "Evaluating Forest Regeneration Methods for the Northeastern United States." eXtension 1-Nov-2014S. E. Ritz (2012). "Plant guide for hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)." USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Appalachian Plant Materials Center. Alderson, WV Fagales Betulaceae Coryloideae Carpineae Ostrya Ostrya Hop-hornbean 505 1 Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K.Koch 1768 Carpinus virginiana Mill. 1873 Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch Eastern hop-hornbeam American hophornbeam Ironwood Ostryer de Virginie Bois de fer Native Secure 6305 5 OSVI NN 105157 Ostrya virginiana 2.jpg Carpinus Carpinus caroliniana - Flickr - treegrow (1).jpg Carpinus carolinianaAmerican Hornbeam The only species of hornbeam native in New York goes by the name American hornbeam, blue beech, or muscle-wood. It also goes by the name ironwood, but as that name is also commonly used for the related hop-hornbeam tree, perhaps it should be used for neither. Fagales Betulaceae Coryloideae Carpineae Carpinus Carpinus Hornbeam 501 Carpinus caroliniana virginiana Walter (Marshall) Furlow 1785. Carpinus betulus var virginiana Marshall in Arbust. Amer.: 25 1893. Carpinus virginiana Sudw., non Miller (1768) 1935. Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana (Marshall) Fernald in Rhodora 37: 425 1987. Carpinus caroliniana ssp. virginiana (Marshall) Furlow in Syst. Bot. 12:429 American hornbeam Musclewood Blue beech Muscle tree Ironwood Charme de Virginie Bois de fer Native Secure 6 FAC Perennial Tree, shrub Heliophily: 3 S5, G5-T5 542 48 counties Carpinus caroliniana Walter ssp. virginiana (Marshall) Furlow - musclewood, ironwood, American hornbeam - An understory small tree in deciduous forests. It does best in wet-mesic soils, lower parts of slopes, and stream banks. Also occurs in swamps and mesic forests. It can become a dominant understory tree in these habitats. CACAV NN 295249-1 12858 carpinus/caroliniana 233500313 3600119 CACAV Carpinus+caroliniana+ssp.+virginiana Carpinus%20caroliniana Carpinus caroliniana ssp virginiana NY-dist-map.png Carpinus caroliniana kz3.jpg Carpinus betulus L. 1753 C. betulus L. 1940 C. caucasica Grossh. European hornbeam Introduced Eurasia Unk. naturalization 539 X Monr-Bron-Quee-Nass CABE8 X0 9196 20130509Carpinus betulus5.jpg Carpinus Hornbeam 542 X (excluded taxa) Carpinus caroliniana Walter caroliniana 1788 C. caroliniana Walter 1803 C. americana Michx. American hornbeam Blue beech Musclewood Ironwood Charme de Caroline N. America native southern US Excluded X 398 Carpinus caroliniana - Excluded CACAC2 N0 233500312 3600473 Carpinus+caroliniana+ssp.+caroliniana Carpinus%20caroliniana Excluded nymap.svg Carpinus caroliniana kz1.jpg Tribe Coryleae Corylus Corylus contains the hazelnut shrubs and trees, which are not closely related to witchhazel. Fagales Betulaceae Coryloideae Coryleae Corylus Corylus Hazelnut 532 3 Corylus cornuta Marshall cornuta 1785 Corylus cornuta Marshall 1789 Corylus rostrata Aiton 1940 C. cornuta megaphylla Vict. & J.Rousseau Beaked hazelnut Beaked hazel Beaked filbert Noisetier à long bec Coudrier à long bec Native Secure 7 FACU Perennial Tree, shrub Sun - part shade 544 5 COCOC2 NN as var. cornuta 3725 Corylus cornuta subsp. cornuta corylus/cornuta ssp. cornuta 11646 Corylus cornuta Marshall 233500452 Corylus cornuta subsp. cornuta 108018-1 COCO6 Corylus cornuta ssp cornuta NY-dist-map.png Corylus cornuta (28584755846).jpg Corylus americana Walter American hazelnut American hazel American filbert 1788 Corylus americana Walter 1864 C. americana missouriensis A.DC. 1916 C. americana altior Farw. 1935 C. americana indehiscens E.J.Palmer & Steyerm. Noisetier d'Amérique Native Secure 6 FACU Perennial Shrub Sun - shade 543 5 Corylus americana Walter COAM3 NN Corylus americana Walter 3721 corylus/americana 104856 Corylus americana Marshall 233500448 Corylus americana Walter 3600025 Corylus americana Walter COAM3 Corylus americana kz2.jpg Corylus Hazelnut 532 X (excluded taxa) Corylus avellana L. 1753 Corylus avellana L. European hazelnut European hazel Common filbert Noisetier commun Coudrier Avelline Introduced Eurasia Excluded FACU Perennial Shrub X 681 COAV80 XX 3722 not listed in New England 11643 233500449 3600036 295446-1 Excluded nymap.svg Corylus avellana (8253780733).jpg