Silesian/Lesson 4

Lesson 4: Verbs and Pronouns Verbs in Silesian are conjugated based on number, person, gender, tense, and other factors. Therefore, we will be learning about verbs and pronouns together. Pronouns In Silesian, the personal pronouns are quite similar to those in English. Personal Pronouns The personal pronouns in Silesian are straightforward, and you can easily spot patterns. All third-person pronouns begin with ôn, which also means he. It is also easy to remember "we" and "you" (plural) as they look like a pair: my (we) - wy (you). The words in brackets are less common usages. For example, you can write jŏ as jo, as the ŏ is just a dialectal variant, but writing it as jŏ is the most correct option. Pronoun Silesian English I jŏ (jo) I You ty You He ôn He She ôna She It ône (ôno) It We my We You (plural) wy You (plural) They (masculine) ôni They (at least one male) They (feminine) ône They (all female) Verbs Verb conjugation in Silesian follows specific patterns based on the subject. Just like in English, more common words like "to be" are a bit irregular. Less common words like "to play" tend to be regular. There are different conjugations, but mostly you just have to look at the ending, especially for verbs like "to have" and "to play," which are very regular. Ôsoba być – to be mieć – to have iść – to go grać – to play 1. ôs. poj. (jŏ) je żech mŏm idã grōm 2. ôs. poj. (ty) je żeś mŏsz idziesz grŏsz 3. ôs. poj. (ôn/ôna/ôno) je mŏ idzie grŏ 1. ôs. mn. (my) sōm, mychmy sōm mōmy idymy grōmy 2. ôs. mn. (wy) sōm żeście mŏcie idziecie grŏcie 3. ôs. mn. (ôni/ône) sōm majōm idōm grajōm There are a eight conjugation patterns, maybe you can find out for yourself which pattern grać belongs to. This might be a bit overwhelming, so just try to learn the first one. Conjugation I +Conjugation ISingularPluralPersonMasculineFeminineNeuterVirileNonvirileinfinitive-aćpresent tense1st-ōm-ōmy2nd-ŏsz-ŏcie3rd-ŏ-ajōm Conjugation II +Conjugation IISingularPluralPersonMasculineFeminineNeuterVirileNonvirileinfinitive-aćpresent tense1st-ã-ymy2nd-esz-ecie3rd-e-ōm Conjugation III +Conjugation IIISingularPluralPersonMasculineFeminineNeuterVirileNonvirileinfinitive-ećpresent tense1st-ã-ymy2nd-isz/-ysz-icie/-ycie3rd-i/-y-ōm Conjugation IV +Conjugation IVSingularPluralPersonMasculineFeminineNeuterVirileNonvirileinfinitive-ećpresent tense1st-ejã-ejymy2nd-ejesz-ejecie3rd-eje-ejōm Conjugation V +Conjugation VSingularPluralPersonMasculineFeminineNeuterVirileNonvirileinfinitive-ećpresent tense1st-ã-ymy2nd-isz/-ysz-icie/-ycie3rd-i/-y -ōm Conjugation VI +Conjugation VISingularPluralPersonMasculineFeminineNeuterVirileNonvirileinfinitive-owaćpresent tense1st-ujã-ujymy2nd-ujesz-ujecie3rd-uje-ujōm Conjugation VII +Conjugation VIISingularPluralPersonMasculineFeminineNeuterVirileNonvirileinfinitive-nōnć/-nyćpresent tense1st-ã-nymy2nd-niesz-niecie3rd-nie-nōm Conjugation VIII +Conjugation VIIISingularPluralPersonMasculineFeminineNeuterVirileNonvirileinfinitive-ź/-ś/-c/-ćpresent tense1st-ã-ymy2nd-esz-ecie3rd-e-ōm