Spanish/Tenses/Indicative/Perfect/Present

-AR / -ER / -IRconjugationexampletranslation-AR / -ER / -IRhablarto speakYohe + past participlehe habladoI have spokenTúhas + past participlehas habladoYou have spokenÉlha + past participleha habladoHe has spokenNosotroshemos + past participlehemos habladoWe have spokenVosotroshabéis + past participlehabéis habladoYou all have spokenElloshan + past participlehan habladoThey have spoken Some things to note: This tense (and all perfect tenses) uses a form of the irregular helping verb haber (meaning to have done). As this is the present perfect indicative, it takes the simple present indicative form of haber. The past participle of a regular verb is formed by adding -ado to the stem of an -AR verb, and -ido to the stem of an -ER or -IR verb. As the structure for this tense is a form of haber with the past participle, there are no irregular verbs in this tense. Any irregularity would come from a verb with an irregular past participle, but the haber + past participle structure still holds true. While the past participle is oftentimes the same word as the adjective form of a verb (las palabras habladas - the spoken words), the past participle itself is not an adjective, and therefore does not have to "agree" with the subject. Regardless of the subject's gender or number, the past participle remains the same. Ellas han hablado, NOT ellas han habladas. Be careful not to confuse the past participle with the gerund. He hablado, not he hablando.