Structured Query Language

__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ Structured Query Language (SQL) is a widely-used programming language for working with relational databases. The name of the language is generally pronounced as the three letters of its abbreviation En-us-SQL.ogg no ˈɛs kjuː ˈɛl or, in some people's usage, as En-us-sequel.ogg no ˈsiːkwəl. This Wikibook provides a short description of SQL, its origins, basic concepts and components, and many examples. The book follows the specifications of the SQL:2011 standard developed by a common committee of ISO and IEC. Their publications are not freely available but can be ordered online. http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=53682 ISO/IEC 9075-2:2011: Information technology -- Database languages -- SQL -- Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation) Or you may want to refer to a working draft that you can download from Whitemarsh Information Systems Corporation. Structured Query Language/Print version SQL SQL Introduction /About the Book/ /Database Management Systems (DBMS)/ /Relational DBMS (rDBMS)/ /SQL: A Language for Working with rDBMS/ /SQL: The Standard ISO IEC 9075 and various Implementations/ /Language Elements/ /Learning by Doing/ The Snippets Corner 40px|Take a snippet SELECT code FROM examples WHERE topic = ... Foundation Create a simple Table Handle Data Example Database Structure Example Database Data Data Query Language SELECT Fundamentals Join Operation Grouping IS NULL Predicate Predefined Functions Set Operations Case Expression Subquery Views Data Manipulation Language INSERT INSERT, using Subqueries UPDATE UPDATE, using Subqueries DELETE DELETE, using Subqueries MERGE TRUNCATE COMMIT and ROLLBACK Data Definition Language CREATE TABLE Data Types Foreign Key Alter Table Drop Table Temporary Table Indexes Data Control Language Managing Rights (GRANT / REVOKE) Advanced Topics Additional SELECT features Pattern Matching (LIKE Predicate and much more) IN, SOME/ANY, ALL, EXISTS Advanced Grouping: Rollup / Cube Window functions (Data Warehouses, OLAP) With Clause (Common Table Expression CTE) Recursions NULLs and the Three Valued Logic Transactions / Isolation Levels Some Notes on typical SQL (non-trivial) Tasks Retrieve Top N Rows per Group Eliminate Duplicates Appendices Warnings and Exceptions (SQLSTATE) /Glossary/ References See also Wikibook MariaDB Wikibook Microsoft SQL Server Wikibook MySQL Wikibook Oracle Database Wikibook PostgreSQL Wikibook SQLite Wikibook SQL Dialects Reference Wikibook SQL Exercises Wikipedia: SQL Key Words SQL S 100%