Latin/Lesson 3-Future

Future I, Active Future active is a tense which, unsurprisingly, refers to something which has not yet happened. The endings are fairly basic, and follow fairly regular rules - however, the future endings used in 1st and 2nd conjugation differ from the endings of 3rd, 3rd-io (not a typo!), and 4th. For example - "amo, amare" (1st conjugation) would be Ama bo* I will love Ama bis You will love Ama bit He/She/It will love Ama bimus We will love Ama bitis Y'all will love Ama bunt* They will love *1st person singular and 3rd person plural use bo and bunt, not bi. Note the B and the BIs - the distinguishing feature of future tense in Latin. With "venio, venire" (4th conjugation--io), however, the endings are different. In future, this is what they look like: Veni am I will come Veni es You will come Veni et He/She/It will come Veni emus We will come Veni etis Y'all will come Veni ent They will come [deleted paragraphs go here. deleted to maintain rigorous accuracy, which we will go back to striving for.) To clarify: venire, venio.. we know it is 4th conjugation verb and if we look at its first person singular conjugation, we see that it is an io verb, because the conjugation of the first person singular is "venio". (an io category exists within 3rd and fourth conjugations and is a more general concept which we will briefly introduce here by using venire, venio as an example). Let's first identify what we know. We know it is 4th conjugation -io because it ends in ire, which tells us that it is 4th conjugation, and io because its nominative singular ends in io (venio). Because it is io, we leave the i in. So, when we are asked (as all textbooks should phrase these new questions): 1. What are the steps to form the future 2nd person conjugation? We say: 1. It is better to know more than you need: check the infinitive nominative singular, we now know that it is 4th conjugation io. 2. We now know that we can form the stem: the stem is veni and can then add a personal ending--leaving in the i. We leave in the i because it is io. Because it looks weird, we never leave the i in the future perfect. What is the form for venire, in the future tense, in the 2nd person? The answer is venies. Conjugation in the Future tense 1st 2nd 3rd mixed 4th Irregular Infinitive: amare sedere legere capere venire ire velle esse Singular 1st person: amabo sedebo legam capiam veniam ibo volam ero 2nd person: amabis sedebis leges capies venies ibis voles eris 3rd person: amabit sedebit leget capiet veniet ibit volet erit Plural 1st person: amabimus sedebimus legemus capiemus veniemus ibimus volemus erimus 2nd person: amabitis sedebitis legetis capietis venietis ibitis voletis eritis 3rd person: amabunt sedebunt legent capient venient ibunt volent erunt