Afaan Oromo/Chapter 07

85px|left|Oromo flag85px|right|Ethiopian flag Chapter 7: Past Tense Verbs ⇐ Back to Previous Chapter Back to Contents Continue to Next Chapter ⇒ Narrative An Oromo History (Seenaa Oromoo) [Edited by Anan Zewde Mamo 2025] To play audio files, click the word, not the speaker icon. All audio files are OGG format, which are handled differently by different browsers. See help page for help playing these files. oromo_ch07_playall.ogg no Play all oromo_ch07_pg1.ogg no play Bara dheeraaf sabni Oromoo nagayaan aadaa, diinagdee fi Siyaasa isaa adeemsifachaa ture. Yeroo kana keessatti diinagdeen biyya Oromoo akka gaariitti guddatte. Akkasumattiis aadaa fi sirni of bulchiinsaa babal'ate. oromo_ch07_pg2.ogg no play Haa ta'u malee, toora jaarraa 15 irratti duulli Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamaa ho'aa deeme. Kuni saba Oromoo yaada keessa seensise. Sabni Oromoo diina jajjabaa kana ofirraa dhorkuuf suuta-suutaan humna lolaa guddisuu jalqabe. Duulaaf sabni Oromoo hin jarjarre. Obsa wajjin duula Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamaa akeekatani eegan. Habashaa fi Mootummaan Islaamaa lafa Oromoo irratti wal lolan. oromo_ch07_pg3.ogg no play Imaam Ahmed biyya Habashaa akka hamaatti cabse. Magaalota Habashaa tokko-tokkoon gube nama hedduus fixe. Akkuma ta'eti, duultuun Portugaal bara 1543 dhufani Habashaa gargaaran. Imaam Ahmed lola Portugaal wajjin godhame irratti kufe. oromo_ch07_pg4.ogg no play Kana booda Amir Nur 1559, duultuu fi meeshaa duulaa fudhate Habashaa rukute. Amir Nur mootii Habashaa Galaawdiyos kan jedhamu ajjeese nama hedduus fixe. Amir Nuriif waan hafte biyya Habashaa of jala bulchuu. Kanaaf biyya isaatti deebi'e namaa fi meeshaa barbaachis qopheessuuf karaa galaana deemuu ture. oromo_ch07_pg5.ogg no play Akka olitti jenne, sabni Oromoo duula Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamaa eegaa ture. Hoggaa Amir Nur Hasaloo ga'u duultuun Oromoo duultuu isaa rukutte. Hasalootti duultuun Mootummaa Islaamaa hedduu dhume. Amir Nur lubbu isaa baafate nama xiqqoo wajjin. Adaree-biyyoo gale. Hasaloo booda sabni Oromoo lafa isaa Habashaa, Mootummaa Islaamaa fi saba biraarraa suuta-suutaan haga jaarraa 18 harka isaa seensifate. [For translation see here] Verbs in the Affirmative To express actions completed in the past, verbs are conjugated in the simple past tense. Verb groups described in Chapter 4 remain the same independent of verb tense. That is, if one knows the present-future conjugation pattern for a verb, one can accurately conjugate that verb in the simple past (or any other tense, for that matter). Compared to the present-future affirmative conjugation, only the final vowel changes to form the simple past. The table below shows how to change a verb conjugated in the present-future to the present negative and simple past affirmative.Some dialects prefer -tan and -an for 2nd and 3rd person plural past, while others tend to use -tani and -ani. Both are used in western Oromia and are considered correct in the Wellega dialect. Only the later method will be used for examples in this text for consistancy. final vowel inthe present aff ending in    present neg     ending in pastaff a u e i u e u an an(i) So that “you learn” is baratta, “you don't learn” is hin barattu, and “you learned” is baratte. The exceptions to this rule are the “to be” verbs: dha and jiruu. These verbs are only used in the present-future tense, and in the past tense are replaced by the verb turuu, which in the present tense means “to stay/wait”. To say “it is present” is jira, but “it was present” is ture. This verb is regular, as shown in the conjugation table below. “To be” in the Simple Past ani nan ture     nuti ni turre ati ni turte isin ni turtani inni ni ture isaan     ni turani isheen     ni turte The preverbs nan (or -n suffix) and ni are used in the past tense just as they are in the present-future tense (see Chapter 4 for use of nan and ni). Verbs in the Negative Verbs in the simple past negative use the hin preverb (as in the present-future tense negative) and the simple past form from the 2nd person plural. The simple past negative is therefore the same for all persons. Context or a pronoun are required to clarify the person to whom the verb is referring. To say “I didn't know” is “ani hin beekne”, “you didn't know” is “ati hin beekne”, “they didn't know” is “isaan hin beekne”, etc. Like dha, miti is only used in the present-future tense. In the past tense, it is replaced by hin turre, meaning “was/were not”. Verbs from the main conjugation groups are shown below for present affirmative, present negative, past affirmative, and past negative. Deemuu — 'to go' (regular verb) Present Past Affirmative     Negative     Affirmative     Negative ani         nan deema hin deemu nan deeme hin deemne nuti deemna hin deemnu deemne hin deemne ati deemta hin deemtu deemte hin deemne isin deemtu hin deemtan deemtani hin deemne inni deema hin deemu deeme hin deemne isheen deemti hin deemtu deemte hin deemne isaan deemu hin deeman deemani hin deemne Nyaachuu — 'to eat' (-chuu verb) Present Past Affirmative     Negative     Affirmative     Negative ani         nan nyaadha hin nyaadhu nan nyaadhe hin nyaanne nuti nyaanna hin nyaannu nyaanne hin nyaanne ati nyaatta hin nyaattu nyaatte hin nyaanne isin nyaattu hin nyaattan nyaattani hin nyaanne inni nyaata hin nyaatu nyaate hin nyaanne isheen nyaatti hin nyaattu nyaatte hin nyaanne isaan nyaatu hin nyaatan nyaatani hin nyaanne Haasa'uu — 'to talk' (-oof- verb) Present Past Affirmative     Negative     Affirmative     Negative ani         nan haasa'a hin haasa'u nan haasa'e hin haasoofne nuti haasoofna hin haasoofnu haasoofne hin haasoofne ati haasoofta hin haasooftu haasoofte hin haasoofne isin haasooftu hin haasooftan haasooftani hin haasoofne inni haasa'a hin haasa'u haasa'e hin haasoofne isheen haasoofti hin haasooftu haasoofte hin haasoofne isaan haasa'u hin haasa'an haasa'ani hin haasoofne Danda'uu — 'to be able' (-ees- verb) Present Past Affirmative     Negative     Affirmative     Negative ani         nan danda'a hin danda'u nan danda'e hin dandeenye nuti dandeenya hin dandeenyu dandeenye hin dandeenye ati dandeesa hin dandeesu dandeese hin dandeenye isin dandeesu hin dandeesan dandeesani hin dandeenye inni danda'a hin danda'u danda'e hin dandeenye isheen dandeesi hin dandeesu dandeese hin dandeenye isaan danda'u hin danda'an danda'ani hin dandeenye Vocabulary from the Narrative aadaa culture, tradition ajjeesuu to kill akeekachuu to observe akka like, as akkasumatti in this way akkuma just as, just like akkuma ta'eti somehow baafachuu to escape, flee bal'achuu to widen bara time period, era bara dheeraaf “for a long time” biyya country cabsuu to break deebi'uu to come back, return dheera tong dhorkuu to forbid, prevent dhumuu to be finished, completed diina enemy diinagdee economy duula battle, campaign duultuu soldiers eeguu to wait fixuu to finish, exterminate fudhachuu to take, receive ga'uu to reach, be enough gargaaruu to aid, assist gubuu to burn guddachuu to grow, develop guddisuu to increase haa ta'u malee but, however Habashaa Habasha, Abyssinian (from Amhara) hafuu to remain hamaa mean, vicious, evil hamaatti viciously hoggaa, yoom when (relative pronoun) humna power, force humna lolaa army [lit. “fighting force”] jaarraa century jabaa strong jala under jalqabuu to begin jarjaruu to be in a hurry kana booda after this karaa galaana by sea kufuu to fall, die in battle lafa land lola fight loluu to fight lubbu life magaalaa town, city meeshaa goods, materials meeshaa duulaa Weapons [lit. “fighting materials”] mootii king mootummaa kingdom o'aa hot obsa patience obsa wajjin patiently [lit. “with patience”] of bulchiinsaa self-governance of jala bulchuu to control polotikaa political system qopheessuu to prepare, make ready rukutuu to hit, strike saba people, nation seensisuu to cause to enter seenuu to enter sirni system tokko-tokkoon one by one wal loluu to fight each other yaada thought, idea yeroo time yeroo kana keessatti “at this time” Notes ⇐ Back to Previous Chapter Back to Contents Continue to Next Chapter ⇒