Manchu/Lesson 6 - Verbs 1

Dialogue ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Dialogue 1Dialogue 1udu goro jugvn be yabuha manggiAfter walking such a long roadsuwembe arkan ucarahaI finally met you allmini mujilen de bisire tondo sain andasa.my faithful (in my heart) friends udu mudan kurtun be yabuha manggiAfter going and coming so many timesmuse arkan falinduhaWe finally became friendsmuse ere anda i guculen be hairacina.Let us cherish this friendshiptarhvn sain ba na orho be ujiheFertile land brings (raises) grassalin deyere gasha be baktahaThe mountain ridge accommodates the flying birdandasa i mujilen tala i adali mimbe sidarbuteiThe thoughts/feelings of my friends, just like the wilderness makes me relaxededulere de muse nukcime yabucahaWhen facing the wind, we advance bravely togethereten i forgon de urgulecehetogether we celebrate in victoryjalan de suwe akvci ergen de jurgan akv ni.If this world did not have you all, then life would have no meaning Note: This dialogue is actually a modern song in Manchu by the Manchu singer 宋熙东. The song's title is andasa i mujilen [Click here to listen to/download the song] ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Dialogue 2Dialogue 2bi manju gisun be tacimbiI study the Manchu languagei inu manju gisun be tacimbihe also studies the Manchu languageXiao Wang minde manju gisun be tacibuhaXiao Wang taught me the Manchu languagebi simbe manju gisun be taciburaI will teach you the Manchu languageXiao Wang ya erinde isinjimbi?When does xiao Wang arrive?bi sarkvI don't know Vocab ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Manchu VocabularyEnglish TranslationManchu VocabularyEnglish TranslationadaliThe sameandaFriendandasaFriendsarkanNot easybaLandbaktambiTo accommodate, to absorbbimbiTo be/atbisireTo be/at (imperfect of bimbi)deyembiTo flyedulembiTo be hit by the wind, to go crazyergenLifeetenVictoryfalimbiTo make contact with, to come togetherfalindumbiTo make contact with each other,(reciprocal voice)forgonSeason, timegashaBirdgoroFarguculenFriendshiphairacinaI hope we will love (Optative form of 'hairambi')hairambiTo lovejalanWorld, generationjugvnRoadjurganMeaning, purposekurtunRound, turn, wheelmanggiAfter…mudantimesmujilenHeartnaLandnukcime yabumbiTo bravely march forwardnukimbiBravelysidarambiRelaxedsidarbumbiTo make somebody relaxed, not worriedsidarbuteiTo make s'body relaxed (instrumental convrb - lesson 8)talaWildernesstarhvnFattarhvn sainFertiletondoFair, respectable, trueucarambiTo meetujimbiTo raiseurgulecembiTo celebrate together (to celebrate - co-operative voice)urgulembiTo celebrate, be happyyabuhaTo have gone (past tense of yabumbi)yabumbiTo go, to do something Grammar Verbs (Part 1) Introduction Manchu verbs (except for three non-changing verbs) all consist of a stem and a final. The dictionary form of a Manchu verb is the present tense form, which includes the verb stem and the suffix ‘-mbi’. E.g.: Arambi (to write) consists of ara + -mbi. All changes for mood or tense in Manchu verbs are done by removing the suffix ‘-mbi’ and by adding another suffix to indicate the tense or mood of the verb (more on this later). Manchu verbs can be divided into: Original verbs (固有动词) – These are verbs that are not derived from nouns, adjectives or other verbs and include verbs such as ‘arambi’ (to write) etc. Verbs derived from other words (派生动词) – These are verbs that are derived from either nouns, adjectives or other verbs (see voice of Manchu verbs). Verbs derived from nouns and adjectives are usually formed by adding one of the following suffixes (see table for list of common suffixes) to the end of a noun or an adjective (note the final ‘n’ of the noun or adjective being turned into a verb is usually dropped): ...........................................................................................................................SuffixNoun or adjectiveVerb formed by adding suffix‘-ta’ (te, to)dasan (politics, management)dasatambi (to put in order) ‘-da’ (de, do)jali (crafy)jalidambi (to cheat)‘-na’ (ne, no) acan (a union)acanambi (to meet)‘-la’ (le)aba (a hunt) abalambi (to hunt)‘-ra’ (re, ro) gisun (language)gisurembi (to speak)‘-xa’ (xe, xo) adali (similar)adalixambi (to be similar)........................................................................................................................... Regular, irregular and non-changing verbs Verbs can also be divided into three categories depending on the change in the verb suffix: Regular verbs – These are verbs that follow regular suffix change patterns. Irregular verbs – These are verbs that don’t follow regular suffix change patterns (see irregular verb table 8.3 for full list). Non-changing verbs – These are three verbs that only have one fixed form. These verbs consist of only a verb stem, although grammatically, they feature all the same properties as regular and irregular verbs. The three non-changing verbs are: ‘bi’ – To have (有). ‘akv’ – To not have (没有). ‘joo’ – To forget about it, not worry about it (算了) Tense (时) in Manchu verbs Unlike say French, the conjugation of Manchu verbs is constant regardless of the person doing the action. I.e. the conjugation for you went and I went would both be 'genehe'. This means only one suffix has to be learnt for each of the tenses. It is convenient to split Manchu tenses into simple tenses (of which there are three) and complex tenses all of which are formed from the simple tenses with the addition of either converbs (such as -me or -fi) or auxiliary verbs (such as bi). See table: ....................................................................................................................................................................Tense (时)SuffixExampleTranslationSimple TensesPresent/Future -mbiarambiI write / I shall writePresent/Future -ra (-re, -ro)araraI shall write / I writePast -ha (-he, -ho, -ka, -ke, -ko)arahaI wrotePast tensesIndefinite Past -habi (-hebi, -hobi)arahabiI have writtenPluperfect -ha bihe, -ha bihebiaraha biheI had writtenImperfect 1 -mbihe, -mbihebiarambiheI was writingImperfect 2 -me bihe, -me bihebiarame bihebiI was writingPresent tensesPresent Continuous 1 -me bi, -me bimbiarame biI am writingPresent Continuous 2 -me ilihabiarame ilihabiI am writingPresent Continuous 3 -mahabiaramahabiI am writingPresent Continuous 4 -me bisire + nounobome bisire juiThe child who is washingPresent Continuous 5 -me bisire + postpostnobome bisire deWhile in the process of washingPast Continuous 1 -ha biaraha biStill writing (仍然在写)Past Continuous 2 -fi biarafi biStill writing (还在写)Past Continuous 3 -hai bi (-hei bi, hoi bi)arahai biI’ve been continuously writing 一直写.................................................................................................................................................................... Some examples of the different tenses include: Present/future tense 1 bi niyengniyeri forgon be cihalambi - I love spring te absi genembi? - Where are you going now? suwayan bira mederi de eyeme dosimbi - The yellow river flows into the sea Present/future tense 2 mini ama Harbin de ere manju gisun tacire bithe be udaha - In Harbin my father bought this book to learn Manchu cimari ilire ilirakv be sarkv - I don't know if we can stop tomorrow or not Past tense Beijing de niyengniyeri isinaha - In Beijing spring has arrived birai juhe emgeri weme deribuha - The river ice has already started to melt ilha yafan de hacin hacin i ilha gemu ilaka - In the gardens all types of flowers are flowering Indefinite past sini hendurengge inu, mini mujilen de inu uttu gvnihabi - What you said is true, in my heart I had thought that too Pluperfect Imperfect Present Continuous bi te manju gisun be tacime ilihabi - I am currently studying Manchu Past Continuous Lesson 5 (Adjectives) ---- Contents ---- Lesson 7 (Verbs 2)