Chemical Sciences: A Manual for CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test for Lectureship and JRF/Kautsky effect

Kautsky effect (also named fluorescence transient, fluorescence induction or fluorescence decay) is a phenomenon consisting on a typical variation on the behavior of a plant fluorescence when is exposed to light. It was discovered in 1931 by H. Kautsky and A. Hirsch. When dark-adapted photosynthesising cells are illuminated with continuous light, chlorophyll fluorescence displays characteristic changes in intensity accompanying the induction of photosynthetic activity. Explanation right|The Kautsky effect When the plant is illuminated the fluorescence intensity increases with a time constant in the microsecond or millisecond range. After a few seconds the intensity falls again and finally reaches a steady-state level. The initial rise of the fluorescence intensity (A) is attributed to the progressive saturation of the reaction centers in the photosynthesis. Therefore the quenching of the fluorescence by the photosynthesis decreases with the time of illumination, with a corresponding increase of the fluorescence intensity. The quenching by the photosynthesis pathway is called photochemical quenching. The slow decrease of the fluorescence intensity at later times (B) is termed non-photochemical quenching. Non-photochemical quenching is most likely due to a protection mechanism the plant has to avoid the adverse effect of an excess of light. Several processes cause non-photochemical quenching, e.g. photoinhibition. References Kautsky, H., Hirsch, A. (1931), Neue Versuche zur Kohlensäureassimilation, Naturwissenschaften, 19:964-964. Govindjee (1995), Sixty-three years since Kautsky chlorophyll a fluorescence, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22, 131-160. Lazar, D. (1999), Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1412, 1-28. Lazar, D. (2006), The polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence rise measured under high intensity of exciting light, Funct. Plant Biol. 33, 9-30.