Flora of New York/Carduoideae

Asterales : Asteraceae Carduoideae : Cardueae Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae Cichorioideae 300px|thumb|right|Centaurea Family Asteraceae The Asteraceae (or Compositae) Subfamily Carduoideae Tribe Cardueae The Cardueae (syn. Cynareae) is a mostly non-native tribe of Asteraceae. It contains various thistles and knapweeds, many of which are considered highly invasive in the region. Subtribe Carlininae Carlina Carlina vulgaris 02 (HS).JPG Carlina vulgaris, Carline thistle Carline thistle (Carlina vulgaris) establishes on exposed soil but does not compete with taller dense vegetation. Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carlininae Carlina Carlina Carline-thistle 771 1 Carlina vulgaris vulgaris 1753 Carlina vulgaris L. Sp. Pl.: 828, errata [1231] (1753) 1782 Carlina caulescens Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 195 (1782), opus utique oppr. 1824 Carlina longifolia Viv. Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 68 (1824) 1829 Carlina vulgaris L. uniflora Gaudin Fl. Helv. 5: 207 (1829), not validly publ. 1907 Carlina flavispina Simonk. Magyar Bot. Lapok 6: 16 (1907) Carline thistle 2023 POWO, NYFA, iNaturalist Introduced Europe to Iran Naturalized 495 X Tompkins only CAVUL X0 NY,NJ only 118834-Carlina-vulgaris 189321-1 Carlina%20vulgaris Carlina vulgaris ssp vulgaris NY-dist-map.png 5 counties 6 counties Carlina vulgaris Kerstlingeroeder Feld 02.jpg Subtribe Echinopsinae Echinops Echinops sphaerocephalus 20050705 565.jpg Echinops sphaerocephalus Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Echinopsinae Echinops Globethistle 573 1 Echinops sphaerocephalus sphaerocephalus L. Sp. Pl.: 814 (1753) 1753 Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Sp. Pl.: 814 (1753) 1771 Echinopus sphaerocephalus (L.) Scop. Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 121 (1771) 1796 Echinops maximus Siev. Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 7: 323 (1796) 1838 Echinops giganteus DC. Prodr. 6: 524 (1838) 1889 Echinops major St.-Lag. A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 412 (1889) 1891 Sphaerocephalus multiflorus Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 366 (1891) Glandular globe-thistle 2023 iNaturalist, GBIF Great globe thistle 2023 New York Flora Atlas Introduced Eurasia Naturalized Cultivated Perennial Herb-forb SNA 420 X ECSP XX 5392883 76762-Echinops-sphaerocephalus 77179770-1 Echinops sphaerocephalus NY-dist-map.png 11 counties 2 counties 20170722Echinops sphaerocephalus1.jpg Subtribe Carduinae Onopordum Onopordum acanthium Atlas roslin pl Popłoch pospolity 8542 7474.jpg Onopordum acanthium Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carduinae Onopordum Onopordum Cottonthistle 709 1 Onopordum acanthium acanthium L. Sp. Pl.: 827 (1753) 1753 Onopordum acanthium L. Sp. Pl.: 827 (1753) 1771 Acanos spina Scop. Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 132 (1771) 1791 Acanthium onopordon Gueldenst. Reis. Russland 2: 69 (1791) 1796 Onopordum tomentosum Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 185 (1796) 1891 Onopordum acanthium L. polycephalum Willk. Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 5 (1891) 1896 Onopordum acanthium L. schultesii (Brittinger ex W.D.J.Koch) Rouy Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 586 (1896) Scotch thistle Scotch cottonthistle Introduced Potentially invasive Naturalized 1279 4432 X Biennial Herb-forb SNA Exotic GNR 392 X ONAC XM 77180335-1 Onopordum/acanthium Onopordum acanthium NY-dist-map.png 13 counties ? counties 10001-O.acanthium schultesii-MAD 10.jpg Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carduinae Onopordum Arctium ArctiumLappa3.jpg Arctium lappa, greater burdock Only the two burdock species Arctium lappa (greater burdock) and A. minus (lesser burdock) are currently listed as naturalized in New York. Specimens of A. minus were apparently misidentified as A. tomentosum in the past. Arctium is an Old World genus whose biennial plants have been introduced around the world, perhaps in part due to Velcro-like burrs that promote wide seed dispersal. Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carduinae Arctium Arctium Burdock 792 2 Arctium lappa lappa L. Sp. Pl.: 816 (1753) 1753 Arctium lappa L. Sp. Pl.: 816 (1753) 1762 Lappa vulgaris Hill 1785 Lappa officinalis All. 1791 Lappa major Gaertn. 1800 Arctium majus Bernh. 1833 Arctium nemorosum Lej. & Court. 1883 Lappa lappa (L.) H.Karst. nom. inval., tautonym 1913 Arctium vulgare (Hill) A.H.Evans 1928 Arctium edule Beger Greater burdock Great burdock Edible burdock Beggar's-buttons Grande bardane Bardane majeure Rhubarbe sauvage Graquias Toques Rapace Introduced Eurasia 219 X Cayu-Onon-Livi-Otse-Herk ARLA3 XX 2847 arctium/lappa 36545 3857 200023153 2700082 Arctium lappa NY-dist-map.png ? counties ? counties Arctium lappa01.jpg Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. 1762 Lappa minor Hill 1800 Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. 1856 Arctium pubens Bab. Lesser burdock Common burdock Cuckoo-button Petite bardane Bardane mineure Bardane Tabac du diable Tapace Chou bourache Cibourroche Graquias Introduced Eurasia northern Africa 220 X Cayu-Onon-Oswe-Tomp ARMI2 XX 2848 arctium/minus 313517 2701732 Lesser burdock (Arctium minor) - geograph.org.uk - 929695.jpg Arctium Burdock 792 X (excluded taxa) Arctium tomentosum Mill. 1768 Arctium tomentosum Mill. Woolly burdock Hairy burdock Bardane tomenteuse Introduced Eurasia Excluded X 579 ARTO XX Arctium/tomentosum 413899 200023154 Arctium%20tomentosum nymap.svg Arctium tomentosum (inflorescences).jpg Silybum Milk thistle.jpg Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carduinae Silybum Silybum Milk thistle 384 1 n Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. 1753 Carduus marianus L. 1768 Mariana mariana (L.) Hill nom. inval., tautonym 1791 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Milk-thistle Blessed milkthistle St. Mary's thistle Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Highly invasive NYS Tier 5New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Silybum marianum (Blessed milkthistle) NYS Tier 5. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program Biennial Herb-forb 7038 X SIMA3 XX Silybum/marianum 33952 6 counties Silybum marianum Prague 2011 3.jpg Cirsium Cirsium species are known as plume thistles due to the feathered hairs on their achenes. New-World Cirsium Cirsium muticum 1-eheep (5097848362).jpg Cirsium muticumSwamp thistle The North American thistles found in New York are here divided into two groups (species complexes) that are known to freely hybridize within the individual group. Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carduinae Cirsium Cirsium Thistle 939 9 CIRSI 8 Mill. (1745)(North American - HG1) Cirsium muticum Michx. 1803 Cirsium muticum Michx. 1807 Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers. 1814 Cnicus muticus (Michx.) Pursh 1838 Cirsium bigelovii DC. Swamp thistle Dunce-nettle Horsetops Chardon mutique Circe mutique Native Secure 9 OBL Biennial Herb-forb S5, G5 217 5 CIMU NN 2998 cirsium/muticum 36387 242416295 2700585 Cirsium%20muticum Cirsium muticum WFNY-264.jpg Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. 1803 Cnicus discolor Muhl. ex Willd. 1818 Carduus discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. 1826 Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. 1894 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Voss 1902 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fernald 1917 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Petr. Field thistle Pasture thistle Chardon discolore Circe discolore Native Secure 1 UPL Biennial-perennial Herb-forb S5 6976 5 CIDI NN 2990 cirsium/discolor 242416293 2702297 Cirsium%20discolor Cirsium discolor (15200151605).jpg Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. 1753 Carduus altissimus L. 1804 Cnicus altissimus Willd. 1826 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. 1826 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill 1908 Cirsium iowense (Pammel) Fernald 1917 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. biltmoreanum Petr. Tall thistle Roadside thistle Native Likely extirpated 10 UPL Biennial Herb-forb 395 Z CIAL2 N0 cirsium/altissimum 36337 316621 242416290 2700564 Cirsium%20altissimum Cirsium altissimum 3-eheep (5097857372).jpg Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur 1900 Carduus flodmanii Rydb. 1903 Cirsium oblanceolatum (Rydb.) K.Schum. 1912 Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur Flodman's thistle Prairie thistle Introduced Midwest native Preglacial relict? FAC FACU Perennial Herb-forb 260 X Essex only CIFL NN Cirsium/flodmanii 316624 250066371 Cirsium%20flodmanii Cirsiumflodmanii.jpg Cirsium Thistle 939 9 CIRSI 8 Mill. (1745)(North American - HG2) Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. pumilum 1818 Carduus pumilus Nutt. 1826 Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. 1911 Cirsium odoratum (Muhl. ex Steud.) Petr. Pasture thistle Fragrant thistle Bull thistle Chardon nain Native Secure 1 NC Biennial Herb-forb 225 5 CIPU4 N0 3002 cirsium/pumilum 780854 453110 250068204 2709844 Cirsium%20pumilum Cirsium pumilum var pumilum NY-dist-map.png Cirsium pumilum (14553847355).jpg Cirsium horridulum Michx. horridulum 1803 Cirsium horridulum Michx. Yellow thistle Giant thistle Bristly thistle Horrid thistle Bull thistle Native Rare 5 FACU Annual-biennial Herb-forb 6977 N U CIHO2 N0 cirsium/horridulum 406927 250068185 Cirsium%20horridulum Cirsium horridulum NRCS-2.jpg Old-World Cirsium Cirsium vulgare, Speerdistel bladrozet closeup.jpg Cirsium vulgarebull thistle All three of the Eurasian Cirsium (thistle) species are considered invasive in New York State. Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carduinae Cirsium Cirsium Plume thistle 939 9 CIRSI 8 (Eurasian ) Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 1753 Carduus lanceolatus L. 1798 Carduus vulgaris Savi 1835 Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 1938 Ci. vulgare Airy Shaw (hom.) 1972 Ci. lanceolatum Scop. Hill Bull thistle Common thistle Spear thistle Scotch thistle Chardon vulgaire Chardon lancéolé Gros chardon Circe commun Circe vulgaire Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Widespread weed NE-3NE3 Invasive.org FACU Biennial Hert-forb 475 X CIVU XX 3006 cirsium/vulgare 104163 200023702 2700598 20130704Cirsium vulgare.jpg Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Carl von Linnaeus) Joannes Antonius (Giovanni Antonio) Scopoli 1753 Serratula arvensis L. 1772 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 1777 Carduus arvensis (L.) E.Robson 1819 Cirsium incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch. ex M.Bieb. 1819 Cirsium setosum (Willd.) M.Bieb. Creeping thistle Canada thistle Field thistle Chardon des champs Chardon du Canada Circe des champs Introduced Eurasia Highly invasive NYIS: 71%Cirsium arvense Highly invasive 71% Prohibited CP-2CP2 NE-2NE2 FACU Perennial Hert-forb 224 X CIAR4 XX 2988 cirsium/arvense 33734 2700565 20170715Cirsium arvense2.jpg Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. Scopoli, Joannes Antonius (Giovanni Antonio) 1723-1788 1753 Carduus palustris L. 1772 Cirsium Palustre (L.) Scop. Marsh thistle Marsh plume thistle European marsh thistle European swamp thistle Chardon des marais Cirse des marais Introduced Eurasia Moderately invasive NYIS: 68% Cirsium palustre Moderately invaisve 68% NE-2NE2 FACW Perennial Hert-forb 367 X CIPA6 XW 2999 cirsium/palustre 401604 2702303 Cirsium palustris - Oberolmer Wald IMG 5821.JPG Carduus Carduus acanthoides syp 2.JPG Carduus acanthoidesspiny plumeless thistle Carduus species are known as plumeless thistles. Asterales Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carduinae Carduus Carduus Plumeless thistle 277 3 CARDU 4 Carduus acanthoides acanthoides Spiny plumeless thistle Introduced Moderately invasive 355 X CAAC XX 20170619Carduus acanthoides2.jpg Carduus nutans Musk thistle Nodding thistle Nodding plumeless thistle Introduced Moderately invasive 6968 Xn CANU4 XX Carduus nutans carriere-saint-maximin 60 01072008 01.jpg Carduus crispus Curled plumless-thistle Welted thistle Curled thistle Introduced 356 X CACR2 XX Carduus crispus20110612 339.jpg Carduus pycnocephalus pycnocephalus Italian thistle Introduced Unvouchered waif 7283 U CAPY2 XX nymap.svg Carduus pycnocephalus 1.jpg Serratula Asterales Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Carduinae Serratula Serratula Plumeless saw-wort (excluded) Serratula tinctoria L. Serratula tinctoria L. Dyer's plumeless saw-wort Saw-wort Introduced Excluded Perennial Herb-forb X 868 EXCLUDED SETI2 X0 0 505185 nymap.svg Serratula tinctoria 1.jpg Subtribe Centaureinae The Centaureinae contains knapweeds and starthistles, none of which are native to New York, and some of which are considered to be seriously invasive in the state.Tree of Life: Centaureinae Plectocephalus Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Centaureinae Plectocephalus Plectocephalus Basketflower 1102 1 Plectocephalus americanus Nutt. 1821 Centaurea americana Nutt. 1830 Plectocephalus americanus (Nutt.) D.Don American star-thistle American basketflower Powderpuff thistle Thornless thistle Introduced south-central US Excluded X 676 CEAM2 N0 0 780479 463127 Plectocephalus%20americanus nymap.svg Centaurea americana2.jpg Centaurea The subgeneric classification of Centaurea (knapweeds) used here is based on Hilpold et al. (2014).Hilpold, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., Vilatersana, R. & Susanna, A. 2014. "Taxonomical and nomenclatural notes on Centaurea: A proposal of classification, a description of new sections and subsections, and a species list of the redefined section Centaurea." Collectanea Botanica '33:e001. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2013.v33.001 Centaurea identification Four of the most common and invasive knapweed species can often be distinguished by the involucre bracts, the scale-like structures surrounding the inflorescence, just below flower petals.Celestine Duncan (2018). "What’s the Difference Between Spotted, Brown, Black, and Meadow Knapweed?" TechLine Invasive Plant News Published November 2018; reviewed May, 2019. Centaurea stoebe (spotted): Bracts are black tipped, tip and upper margin have soft, spine-like fringe, Center spine shorter than others. Centaurea jacea (brown): Bracts are somewhat hairy, with broad, thin papery margins. Center of bract is dark brown. Centaurea nigra (black): Bracts are oval-shaped with broad, comb-like, dark brown or black fringed margins. Fringe length up to 3 times as long as bract width. Centaurea × moncktonii (meadow, brown × black): Bracts are light to dark brown, roundish, with thin papery margin with fringes about equal width of bract center. Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Centaurea Centaurea stoebe ssp micranthos EP4490-04.png Centaurea stoebespotted knapweed Centaurea sect. Centaurea contains spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos), which has widely naturalized in much of North America , including New York State, where it is considered highly invasive. Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Centaureinae Centaurea Centaurea Centaurea Centaurea Knapweed, Starthistle 463 16 Centaurea Centaurea Centaurea stoebe L. australis (Pančić ex A.Kern.) Greuter 1838. Centaurea biebersteinii DC. in Prodr. 6:583 1872. Centaurea australis Pančić ex A. Kern. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 118 1879. Centaurea sublanata ssp. australis (Pančić ex A.Kern.) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.:426 1901. Centaurea micranthos (Griseb.) Hayek in Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., nom. illeg. 1907. Centaurea maculosa ssp. micranthos (Griseb.) Gugler in Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 1925. Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (Griseb.) Hayek in N.A.Stojanov & B.Stefanoff 1961. Acrolophus biebersteinii (DC.) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 114:44 1972. Acosta micranthos (Griseb.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140:134 1976. Centaurea biebersteinii ssp. australis (Pančić ex A.Kern.) Dostál in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 1984. Acosta biebersteinii (DC.) Dostál in Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid. 2003. Centaurea stoebe ssp. australis (Pančić ex A.Kern.) Greuter in in Willdenowia 33: 56 2023. Centaurea stoebe var. micranthos (Griseb.) Tiehm in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 17:22 Spotted knapweed Spotted star-thistle Centaurée maculée Centaurée tachetée Introduced southeast Europe Highly invasive CP-3CP3 NE-1NE1 79%C. stoebe, C. diffusa, C. × psammogena High 79 all SNA, GNR 503 X CEST8 XX 2973 Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (S.G.Gmelin ex Gugler) Hayek centaurea/stoebe 780711 464558 Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. australis (Pančić ex A.Kern.) Greuter 250068126 Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (S.G.Gmel. ex Gugler) Hayek 50154206 Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (S.G.Gmel. ex Gugler) Hayek Centaurea stoebe ssp micranthos NY-dist-map.png Centaurea stoebe ssp micranthos EP4490-05.png Centaurea cineraria L. 1753 Centaurea cineraria L. 1785 C. candidissima Lam. 1839 C. gymnocarpa Moris & DeNot.Euro+Med Plantbase lists Centaurea gymnocarpa as an accepted species, while the Global Compositae Checklist lists it as a synonym of Centaurea cinerea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2014.1, states "C. gymnocarpa belongs to the group known as the "cineraria" group. This group probably was once a single species when the land masses were united, but as islands were formed, new species evolved on each island. This means that today there are a number of closely related species of Centaurea in the Mediterranean growing on rocky seaward cliffs, all probably related to a common ancestor." 1974 Acosta cineraria (L.) Holub Silver knapweed Star-thistle Dusty miller Introduced southern Europe Impersistent Unk. naturalization SNA 6971 X casual garden escape CECI2 X0 36953 104124 2702140 167620-3 nymap.svg Suffolk (1921) Centaurea cineraria 1.jpg Centaurea Knapweed, Starthistle 463 X (excluded taxa) Centaurea diffusa Lam. 1785 Centaurea diffusa Lam. 1799 C. parviflora Desf. 1822 C. parviflora Besser hom. 1970 C. microcalathina A.O.Tarassov 1972 Acosta diffusa (Lam.) Soják Diffuse knapweed White knapweed Tumble knapweed Introduced Highly invasive FEIS 79% 0 0 CEDI3 XX 104125 2700419 Excluded nymap.svg Centaurea diffusa 1459254.jpg Centaurea × psammogena Centaurea diffusa C. stoebe ssp. micranthos Diffuse knapweed Spotted knapweed Introduced Highly invasive 79% CEPS 0X Excluded nymap.svg Ny hybrid.svg Centaurea paniculata Jersey knapweed Introduced Excluded NoteCentaurea paniculata checklist entries were based on reports only. No known specimens from New York exist. It is similar in appearance to Centaurea stoebe. X 666 CEPA14 X0 New York only 501350 Excluded nymap.svg C. paniculata-img 000690378O.jpg Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Phrygia Centaurea × moncktonii 5435714.jpg Centaurea × moncktoniimeadow knapweed Centaurea sect. Phrygia, in New York State, contains three moderately invasive species of knapweeds, cumulatively known as the Centaurea jacea complex, and gradations of hybrids between possibly all three of them. The named hybrid Centaurea × moncktonii (C. jacea × C. nigra) is morphologically variable, and some individuals appear to have a similarity to C. nigrescens, possibly resulting from hybridization between all three species. Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Centaureinae Centaurea Centaurea Phrygia Centaurea Centaurea Phrygia Knapweed 463 16 Centaurea jacea L. Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778) Sp. Pl.: 914 (1753) 1753 Centaurea jacea L. 1778 Jacea pratensis Lam. 1799 Centaurea pratensis Thuill. homonym Brown knapweed Brownray knapweed Brown-rayed knapweed, Brown starthistle Introduced Moderately invasive CP-3CP3 62%C. jacea, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. × moncktonii Moderate 62 384 X CEJA XX centaurea/jacea 9821 2702168 Brown Knapweed (Centaurea jacea), strange coloured phyllaries - violet coloured involuctral bracts.jpg Centaurea nigra L. Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778) Species Plantarum 2:911. 1 May 1753 1753 Centaurea nigra L. 1769 Jacea nigra (L.) Hill 1852 Centaurea nemoralis Jord. 1894 Centaurea jacea L. nigra (L.) Bonnier & Layens Black knapweed Lesser knapweed Common knapweed Black starthistle Introduced Europe northern Africa Moderately invasive 62% 386 X CENI2 XX centaurea/nigra 104128 242416254 2700467 Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra).jpg Centaurea × moncktonii C.E.Britton Centaurea jacea Centaurea nigra 1799 Centaurea pratensis Thuill. non Salisb. 1813 Centaurea nigra L. radiata DC. 18?? Centaurea jacea L. pratensis W.D.J.Koch 1905 Centaurea × gerstlaueri Erdner Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 1: 425 (1905) 1975 Centaurea debeauxii Godr. & Gren. thuillieri Dostál 1921 Centaurea × moncktonii C.E.Britton Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 6: 172 (1921) 1926 Centaurea × jacea L. dumeticola Sennen Exsicc. (Pl. Espagne) 1925: n.° 5339 (1926) Meadow knapweed Protean knapweed black knapweed brown knapweed Introduced Europe Moderately invasive 62% 7177 X CEMO6 0X 190561-1 432926 50256779 Centaurea x moncktonii p1326.jpg Centaurea nigrescens Willd. 1803 Centaurea nigrescens Willd. 1831 C. vochinensis Bernh. ex Rchb. 1917 C. dubia Suter nigrescens (Willd.) Hayek 1917 C. dubia Suter vochinensis (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Hayek Tyrol knapweed Short-fringed knapweed Short-fringed starthistle Vochin knapweed Introduced Eurasia Moderately invasive 62% 387 X CENI3 XX Centaurea/nigrescens 403429 2700469 Centaurea sp., Giresun 2018-08-18 1.jpg Centaurea phrygia phrygia L. Sp. Pl.: 910 (1753) Centaurea austriaca C. uniflora nervosa Wig knapweed Introduced Impersistent Unk. naturalization 500 Xu Roadsides, fields, and edges of cultivated fields. CEPH X0 8305028 Centaurea phrygia NY-dist-map.png ? counties ? counties Centaurea phrygia Oulu, Finland 13.07.2013 img 1.jpg Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Cnicus Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Centaureinae Centaurea Centaurea Cnicus Centaurea Knapweed, Starthistle 463 16 Centaurea Cnicus Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. 1753 Cnicus benedictus L. 1763 Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. 1895 Cirsium pugnax Sommier & Levier 1908 Carduus benedictus Thell. invalid Blessed thistle Our Lady's thistle Chardon béni Cnicaut béni Chardon bénit Introduced Eurasia northern Africa Not naturalized SNA 480 X Oswego only CNBE XX Cnicus benedictus L., Oswego only 2961 centaurea/benedicta 510524 455331 242311763 2726754 190024-1 Oswego (1883) (MHNT) Centaurea Benedicta - Jardin Botanique Henri GAUSSEN.jpg Centaurea subg. Lopholoma Centaurea solstitialis-18.jpg Centaurea solstitialisyellow knapweed Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Centaureinae Centaurea Lopholoma Centaurea Lopholoma Knapweed, Starthistle 463 16 Centaurea solstitialis L. Yellow starthistle Barnaby star-thistle St. Barnaby’s thistle Introduced Potentially invasive Unknonwn naturalization 1076 4390 X SNA 2.136039/Centaurea_solstitialis Exotic GNR 397 X CESO3 XX 6 counties no counties Centaurea solstitialis capitulum.JPG Centaurea scabiosa Great starthistle Greater knapweed Hardheads Scabious knapweed Greater centaury Introduced Unk. naturalization 388 X CESC2 XX Centaurea scabiosa MichaD 2.jpg Centaurea calcitrapa Purple starthistle Red star-thistle Caltrops Introduced Europe Not naturalized Impersistent SNA 6970 X West-Quee (waif) CECA2 XX Bronx (1898-99),Kings (1897),Queens (1879),Westchester (1894-95) Centaurea calcitrapa 001.jpg Centaurea diluta North African knapweed Introduced Not naturalized Impersistent 7176 X Tomp, Suff only CEDI4 X0 MO,CA only Centaurea diluta (37.548916,-4.640892,Co,VI,MFR) D3S2 05.jpg Centaurea aspera Rough star-thistle Introduced Not naturalized Impersistent SNA 6969 X CEAS2 X0 New York County only 1880 only New York (1880) Centaurea aspera (14556978746).jpg Centaurea subg. Cyanus Centaurea cyanus 20060624120252wp.jpg Centaurea cyanusbachelor’s button Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Centaureinae Centaurea Cyanus Centaurea Knapweed, Starthistle 463 16 Cyanus Centaurea cyanus L. (1753) 1769 Cyanus segetum Hill 1837 Centaurea pulchra DC. Cornflower Bachelor’s-button Bluebottle Bluebonnets Introduced Potentially invasive Naturalized Note:Invasive.org lists Centaurea cyanus as invasive in WV, GA, AK, and a troublesome weed in KY, NC. UPL FACU Annual Herb-forb SNA, GNR 368 X Onon-Tomp-Oswe-Onta CECY2 XX Centaurea de Gredos Norte.jpg Centaurea montana L. 1753 Centaurea montana L. 1768 Cyanus montanus (L) Hill Mountain starthistle Mountain cornflower Mountain bluet Perennial cornflower Introduced Potentially invasive 17238 2.160689/Centaurea_montana Exotic, GNR 385 X CEMO XX Flockenblume (6).jpg Carthamus Carthamus tinctorius 050709b.JPG Carthamus tinctorius Safflower is grown primarily as a source of vegetable oil and mostly in Southwest. Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Centaureinae Carthamus Carthamus Distaff thistle 1075 1 Carthamus tinctorius L. 1753 Carthamus tinctorius L. 1753 Cathamus tinctorius L. orthographic variant (misspelling) Safflower Dyer's-saffron False saffron Bastard-saffron Introduced western Asia? eastern Med.? Impersistent Not naturalized 7169 X Tompkins only CATI XX MA, OH & western NA, not NY carthamus/tinctorius 76135-Carthamus-tinctorius 501305 9243 200023631 2700365 Carthamus tinctorius 002.JPG Carthamus lanatus L. Carthamus lanatus L. Woolly distaff thistle Downy safflower Introduced Potentially invasive carthamus/lanatus 64232-Carthamus-lanatus nymap.svg 0 counties 0 counties Carthamus lanatus flowerhead2 (12082630635).jpg Crupina Crupina vulgaris.jpg Crupina vulgaris Crupina vulgaris has spread rapidly in western rangelands since first being reported in west-central Idaho in 1969. It has also been reported in Massachusetts.Go Botany (2022). Crupina vulgaris Cass. Native Plant Trust. Asteraceae Carduoideae Cardueae Centaureinae Crupina Crupina Bearded creeper 0 0 Crupina vulgaris Cass. F. Cuvier, Dict. sci. nat. 12:68. 1819 1819 Crupina vulgaris Cass. Common crupina 2022 Native Plant Trust (Go Botany) Bearded creeper 2022 ARS-GRIN: Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. False saw-wort 2022 ARS-GRIN: Botanical Society of the British Isles. Crupine 2022 ARS-GRIN: Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 274. Introduced Potentially invasive Not listed in NYFA 1241 4414 18 listing sources 160937713/verbatim Invasive 3149965 Crupina/vulgaris 76487-Crupina-vulgaris 12504 nymap.svg not listed no NY observations Crupina vulgaris kz05.jpg