Chinese (Classical Mandarin)/Transliteration and pronunciation

Traditional name Transliteration IPA Colloquial variation (IPA) English approximation Onset consonants 幫 p p spy 滂 ph pʰ pat 並 phh pʰ⁽ʱ⁾ pʰ pat 並 b b p b 明 m m m 非 f f f 奉 fv fʱ f f 微 v v v~w v 端 t t stay 透 th tʰ Thai 定 thh tʰ⁽ʱ⁾ tʰ Thai 定 d d t d 泥 n n n 精 tz ts tz 清 ths tsʰ cats 從 thhs tsʰ⁽ʱ⁾ tsʰ cats 從 dz dz ts cards 心 s s s 邪 sz sʱ s s 照 č (before e/u/we) tʃ ts 照 č (elsewhere) tʃ tj 穿 čh (before e/u/we) tʃʰ tsʰ 穿 čh (elsewhere) tʃʰ chat 牀 čhh (before e/u/we) tʃʰ⁽ʱ⁾ tsʰ 牀 čhh (elsewhere) tʃʰ⁽ʱ⁾ tʃʰ chat 牀 dj (before e/u/we) dʒ ts 牀 dj (elsewhere) dʒ tʃ j 審 sh (before e/u/we) ʃ s 審 sh (elsewhere) ʃ sh 禪 shh (before e/u/we) ʃʱ s 禪 shh (elsewhere) ʃʱ ʃ sh 見 k k sky 溪 kh kʰ kite 羣 khh kʰ⁽ʱ⁾ kʰ kite 羣 g g k gum 疑 ng (before w/u/i/y) ŋ ∅ 疑 ng (elsewhere) ŋ ŋ hangar 影 ’ (before w/u/i/y) ʔ ∅ 影 ’ (elsewhere) ʔ ŋ 曉 h h ~ ꭓ h 匣 hh ɦ h ~ x h 來 l l l 日 zh ʒ ~ ɻ vision Rhymes 東 ung uŋ oong yung (after khh or ∅) yuŋ yoong yung (elsewhere) yuŋ uŋ yoong 支 e ɨ sit ï ɨ i i (after f/v) i i/ei key i (elsewhere) i key r ɻ 齊 i i key 魚 yu y you 模 u u cool 皆 ai aɪ side wai waɪ wise iai iaɪ yikes 灰 ui uɪ ~ weɪ way 真 en ən pin un (after labials) un ~ wən ən un (elsewhere) un ~ wən win in (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) in ~ iən keen in (elsewhere) in ~ iən keen yun (after k/kh/khh/g/h/hh/ʾ/∅) y(u)n ~ yən yoon yun (elsewhere) y(u)n ~ yən un ~ wən yoon 寒 won wɔn won 刪 an an Ann wan wan ian ian iɛn yen 先 ien iɛn yen yuen y(u)ɛn 蕭 iew/iau (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) iɛʊ iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ iew/iau (elsewhere) iɛʊ iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ 爻 ao/aw ɑʊ cow iao/iaw iaʊ iɛʊ ~ iɑʊ 歌 o ɔ awe wo wɔ walk 麻 a a bat wa wa ia ia yak 遮 ie (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) iɛ yes ie (elsewhere) iɛ yes yue (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) y(u)ɛ yue (elsewhere) y(u)ɛ 陽 ang ɑŋ ong wang wɑŋ Wong iang (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) iɑŋ yong iang (elsewhere) iɑŋ yong 庚 eng əŋ ung weng wəŋ wung ing iŋ ~ iəŋ yueng y(u)əŋ 尤 ow oʊ ~ əʊ iow (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) ioʊ ~ iəʊ iow ioʊ ~ iəʊ 侵 em əm ən limb im (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) im in limb im im in deem 覃 am am an lamb iam iam iɛn yam 鹽 iem iɛm iɛn yam 屋 uk ʊʔ look yuk (after k/kh/khh/g/h/hh/ʾ/∅) yʊʔ yuk (elsewhere) yʊʔ ʊʔ 質 et əʔ cut ut ʊʔ put it (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) iɪʔ eat it (elsewhere) iɪʔ eat yut yʔ 曷 ot ɔʔ caught wot wɔʔ 轄 at aʔ cat wat waʔ iat iaʔ 屑 iet (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) iɛʔ yet iet (elsewhere) iɛʔ yet yuet (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) y(u)ɛʔ yuet (elsewhere) y(u)ɛʔ 藥 ok ɒʔ ɔʔ wok wɒʔ wɔʔ iok (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) iɒʔ iɔʔ iok (elsewhere) iɒʔ iɔʔ 陌 ek əʔ wek wəʔ ik (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) iɪʔ ik (elsewhere) iɪʔ yuek yuəʔ 緝 ep əʔ ip (after č/čh/čhh/dj/sh/shh/zh) iɪʔ ip (elsewhere) iɪʔ 合 ap aʔ op ɔʔ iap iaʔ 葉 iep iɛʔ Tones 平 a/ā ˧ ȃ ˨˩ 上 à ˥˧ á' ˨˦ 去 á ˨˦ 入 a(-p/t/k)/ă -ʔ