UK Constitution and Government/British Monarchs

+ Monarchs of England Name Reign Notes The Saxons Alfred the Great 878-899   Edward the Elder 899-924 Alfred's son Ethelweard 924 Edward's son Athelstan 925-940 Edward's son Edmund I 939-946 Edward's son Edred 946-955 Edward's son Edwy 955-959 Edmund's son Edgar the Peaceful 959-975 Edmund's son St Edward the Martyr 975-978 Edgar's son Ethelred II 978-10131014-1016 Edgar's son Edmund II 1016 Ethelred II's son The DanelawFor a period of time, both the Saxons and the Danish claimed the English throne. Sweyn Forkbeard 1013-1014   Canute the Great 1016-1035 Sweyn's son Harold I 1035-1040 Canute's illegitimate son Harthacanute 1040-1042 Canute's son The Saxon Restoration St Edward the Confessor 1042-1066 Ethelred II's son Harold II 1066 Edward the Confessor's brother-in-law The NormansAfter the Norman Conquest in 1066, numbering of kings (a French tradition applied to the Saxons only by historians) begins anew, although this affects only the Edwards. William I 1066-1087   William II 1087-1100 William I's son Henry I 1100-1135 William I's son Stephen 1135-1154 William I's grandson The PlantagenetsThe Royal House name changed to reflect Matilda's marriage to Geoffrey Plantagenet. Matilda (Empress Maud) 1141 Henry I's daughter Henry II 1154-1189 Matilda's son Richard I 1189-1199 Henry II's son John 1199-1216 Henry II's son Henry III 1216-1272 John's son Edward I 1272-1307 Henry III's son Edward II 1307-1327 Edward I's son Edward III 1327-1377 Edward II's son Richard II 1377-1399 Edward III's grandson The House of LancasterHenry Bolingbroke deposed Richard II, and the Royal House name came to reflect Henry's father's title, Duke of Lancaste. Henry IV 1399-1413 Edward III's grandson Henry V 1413-1422 Henry IV's son Henry VI 1422-1461 Henry V's son The House of YorkThe Houses of Lancaster and York had fought the War of the Roses, and the Yorkists took the throne. Edward IV 1461-1483 Edward III's great-great-grandson Edward V 1483 Edward IV's son Richard III 1483-1485 Edward IV's brother The House of TudorThe Lancastrian Henry Tudor reclaimed the throne from the Yorkists. Henry VII 1485-1509 Edward III's great-great-grandson Henry VIII 1509-1547 Henry VII's son Edward VI 1547-1553 Henry VIII's son Lady Jane Grey 1553 Henry VII's great-granddaughter Mary I 1553-1558 Henry VIII's daughter Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Henry VIII's daughter + Monarchs of Scotland Name Reign Notes The House of Alpin Kenneth I 843-858   Donald I 858-862 Kenneth I's brother Constantine I 862-877 Kenneth I's son Aedh 877-878 Kenneth I's son Eochaid 878-889 Aedh's nephewJointly with Giric Giric 878-889 Aedh's first cousinJointly with Eochaid Donald II 889-900 Constantine I's son Constantine II 900-943 Aedh's son Malcolm I 943-954 Donald II's son Indulf 954-962 Constantine II's son Dubh 962-966 Malcolm I's son Culen 966-971 Indulf's son Kenneth II 971-995 Malcolm I's son Constantine III 995-997 Culen's son Kenneth III 997-1005 Dubh's son Malcolm II 1005-1034 Kenneth II's son Duncan I 1034-1040 Malcolm II's grandson Macbeth 1040-1057 Malcolm II's grandson Lulach 1057-1058 Kenneth III's grandson The House of Dunkeld Malcolm III 1058-1093 Duncan I's son Donald III 1093-10941094-1097 Duncan I's son Duncan II 1094 Malcolm III's son Edgar 1097-1107 Malcolm III's son Alexander I 1107-1124 Malcolm III's son David I 1124-1153 Malcolm III's son Malcolm IV 1153-1165 David I's grandson William I 1165-1214 David I's grandson Alexander II 1214-1249 William I's son Alexander III 1249-1286 Alexander II's son Margaret 1286-1290 Alexander III's granddaughter The House of BalliolWhen Margaret died, there was no clear heir. King Edward I of England took over and installed a puppet, John Balliol. John Balliol 1292-1296 David I's great-great-great-grandson The House of BruceWhen John Balliol rebelled, the Wars of Scottish Independence commenced, during which Robert the Bruce became King. Robert I 1306-1329 David I's great-great-great-great-grandson David II 1329-1371 Robert I's son The House of BalliolFor a period of time, both Edward Balliol and David II claimed the throne. Edward Ballioll 1332-1338 John Balliol's son The House of StuartWhen Robert Stewart took over, the Royal House name was changed to Stuart (the French spelling of Stewart). Robert II 1371-1390 Robert I's grandson Robert III 1390-1406 Robert II's son James I 1406-1437 Robert III's son James II 1437-1460 James I's son James III 1460-1488 James II's son James IV 1488-1513 James III's son James V 1513-1542 James IV's son Mary I 1542-1567 James V's daughter James VI 1567-1625 Mary I's son Monarchs of England and of ScotlandIn 1603, James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne upon the death of Elizabeth I. From then until 1707, England and Scotland had shared monarchs. Name Reign Notes James I (England)James VI (Scotland) 1603-1625 Henry VII of England's great-great-grandsonMary of Scotland's son Charles I 1625-1649 James I's son The Commonwealth and ProtectorateThere was no King between Czz\\harles I's execution in 1649 and the Restoration in 1660. The nation's rulers were known as Lords Protector. Name Reign Notes Oliver Cromwell 1653-1658   Richard Cromwell 1658-1659 Oliver Cromwell's son Monarchs of England and of ScotlandIn 1659, Richard Cromwell abdicated. Anarchy existed until the Stuart Restoration in 1660. Name Reign Notes Charles II 1660-1685 Charles I's son James II (England)James VII (Scotland) 1685-1689 Charles I's son Mary II 1689-1694 James II's daughterJointly with William III William III (England)William II (Scotland) 1689-1702 Mary II's husbandJointly with his wife Anne 1702-1707 James II's daughter Monarchs of Great BritainIn 1707, the Act of Union combined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. Name Reign Notes Anne 1707-1714 James II's daughter The House of HanoverUnder the Act of Settlement, descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, as the closest Protestant relatives of Anne, became entitled to the throne, and the Royal House name was changed when George, Elector of Hanover became King. George I 1714-1727 James I's great-grandson George II 1727-1760 George I's son George III 1760-1801 George II's grandson Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandIn 1801, the Act of Union combined the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom. Name Reign Notes George III 1801-1820 George II's grandson George IV 1820-1830 George III's son William IV 1830-1837 George III's son Victoria 1837-1901 George III's granddaughter The House of Saxe-Coburg-GothaThe Royal House name was changed to reflect Victoria's marriage to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Victoria 1837-1901 George III's granddaughter Edward VII 1901-1910 Victoria's son George V 1910-1936 Edward VII's son The House of WindsorThe name of the Royal House changed from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor due to anti-German sentiments during World War I. George V 1910-1936 Edward VII's son Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn 1922, the Irish Free State left the United Kingdom. The name of the Kingdom was amended in 1927 to reflect the change. Name Reign Notes George V 1910-1936 Edward VII's son Edward VIII 1936 George V's son George VI 1936-1952 George V's son Elizabeth II 1952-2022 George VI's daughter Charles III 2022- Elizabeth II's son