Electronics Handbook/Components/Diodes/Light Emitting

400px|right A light emitting diode (LED) emits colored light when it conducts electricity. Colored LightVdInfrared1.6 VRed1.8 V to 2.1 VOrange2.2 VYellow2.4 VGreen2.6 VBlue3.0 V to 3.5 VWhite3.0 V to 3.5 VUltraviolet3.5 V Construction Symbol I - V Curve left|200px 200px Colors and Materials ColorWavelength [nm]Voltage [V]Semi-conductor MaterialInfrared λ > 760 ΔV < 1.9 Gallium arsenide (GaAs) Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)Red 610 < λ < 760 1.63 < ΔV < 2.03 Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)Orange 590 < λ < 610 2.03 < ΔV < 2.10 Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)Yellow 570 < λ < 590 2.10 < ΔV < 2.18 Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)Green 500 < λ < 570 2.18 < ΔV < 4.0 Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III) nitride (GaN)Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP)Blue 450 < λ < 500 2.48 < ΔV < 3.7 Zinc selenide (ZnSe)Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrateSilicon (Si) as substrate — (under development)Violet 400 < λ < 450 2.76 < ΔV < 4.0 Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)Purple multiple types 2.48 < ΔV < 3.7 Dual blue/red LEDs, blue with red phosphor, or white with purple plasticUltraviolet λ < 400 3.1 < ΔV < 4.4 diamond (C)Aluminium nitride (AlN) Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) Aluminium gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN) — (down to 210 nmhttp://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/24926 LEDs move into the ultraviolet May 17, 2006 physicsworld.com 2007-08-13)White Broad spectrum ΔV = 3.5 Blue/UV diode with yellow phosphor