Ossicle/General

General Surgical Concepts Anesthesia Local Anesthesia CNS Response usually biphasic - stimulation then depression. Cardiovascular effects are usually depression. Cocaine: (esther) 3mg/kg toxicity or 200mg. Causes htn, immediate onset with duration 45min Lidocaine: (amide) 4mg/kg s epi, 7mg/kg with epi toxicity. CNS depression then arrhythmia Epinephrine: max 10cc of 1:100,000 over 10mins with halothane Most common complication of V3 block is cheek hematoma. Halothane: sensitizes myocardium to catecholamines (epi). Caution. Ecothiopates: (for glaucoma), are cholinesterase inhibitiors. Don't use succinylcholine. Malignant Hyperthermia Triggers: succinylcholine, halthone, ethrane, forane 1:50k adults, 1:15k kid Signs: increased CO2, HR, RR, temperature, muscle rigidity Pathophysiology: incr Ca++ release from sarcoplasm w/ incr excitation-contraction coupling Rx: dantrolene, procainamide, O2, insulin, glucose, lasix, bicarbonate