Icelandic/Grammar/Verbs

Sagnorð Verbs Introduction to verbs A verb is a "doing" word eg. He plays the piano. We like to relax. Conjugation May 2020 Most verbs end in a. Some verbs end in á, while there are very rare examples of verbs ending in e, o, and u. Verbs are classed as strong and weak verbs, which represents how they are conjugated. Person and number + Strong class 1-í_aSingularPlural1st person -í_ -í_um2nd person -í_ur -í_ið3rd person -í_ur -í_a + Strong class 2 -jó_a-jú_a-ú_aSingularPlural1st person -ý_ -ý_um2nd person -ý_ur -ý_ið3rd person -ý_ur -ý_a + Weak class 1 -jaSingularPlural1st person - -jum2nd person -ur -jið3rd person -ur -ja + Weak class 2 -aSingularPlural1st person -i -um2nd person -ir -ið3rd person -ir -a + Weak class 4 -aSingularPlural1st person -a -um2nd person -ar -ið3rd person -ar -a Tense Icelandic verbs are conjugated for the present and past tense. The future tense is indicated by auxiliary verbs such as munu, skulu, and vera að fara að. The inflection tables above show the present tense, while the inflection tables below show the past tense. + Strong class 1-í_aSingularPlural1st person -ei_ -i_um2nd person -ei_st -i_uð3rd person -ei_ -i_u + Strong class 2 -jó_a-jú_a-ú_aSingularPlural1st person -au_ -u_um2nd person -au_st -u_uð3rd person -au_ -u_u + Weak class 2 -aSingularPlural1st person -di -dum2nd person -dir -duð3rd person -dir -du + Weak class 4 -aSingularPlural1st person -aði -uðum2nd person -aðir -uðuð3rd person -aði -uðu Mood Icelandic verbs are conjugated for two moods: indicative and subjunctive. The indicative mood is used for certain facts, while the subjunctive mood is used for hypothetical actions or possibilities. The above conjugations were for the indicative mood. Subjunctive present + Strong class 1-í_aSingularPlural1st person -í_i -í_um2nd person -í_ir -í_ið3rd person -í_i -í_i + Weak class 2 -aSingularPlural1st person -i -um2nd person -ir -ið3rd person -i -i + Weak class 4 -aSingularPlural1st person -i -um2nd person -ir -ið3rd person -i -i Subjunctive past + Strong class 1-í_aSingularPlural1st person -i_i -i_um2nd person -i_ir -i_uð3rd person -i_i -i_u + Weak class 2 -aSingularPlural1st person -di -dum2nd person -dir -duð3rd person -dir -du + Weak class 4 -aSingularPlural1st person -aði -uðum2nd person -aðir -uðuð3rd person -aði -uðu Other conjugations The supine (Icelandic: sagnbót) is a form that is used after the auxiliary verbs geta and hafa. It is identical to the neuter past participle. The present participle is always formed by adding suffix -ndi to the infinitive. It is not inflected for gender, number, or case. Note that it is not used as a gerund; for example, the English phrase I am coming would be translated as Ég er að koma, not Ég er komandi. The imperative mood has three primary forms: truncated, singular, and plural. The truncated form is always followed by þú, while the plural form is always followed by þið. Mediopassive June 2020 Most verbs have a mediopassive form, which is sometimes considered to be a separate word. It is always equivalent to the active infinitive plus -st. The mediopassive form is used like this: Active: Hann braut gluggann. He broke the window. Mediopassive: Glugginn braust. The window broke. However, there are many words whose mediopassives have entirely different meanings than the active. Past participle June 2020 The past participle is inflected for gender, number, case, and strength, unlike the present participle. Like the mediopassive, it is sometimes considered to be a separate word. Categories Irregular Verbs 00% Nov 24, 2005