Chemical Sciences: A Manual for CSIR-UGC National Eligibility Test for Lectureship and JRF/MALDI imaging

thumb|right|300 px|MALDI MS image shows distribution of m/z 616 in a whole-body tissue section of a rat. m/z 616 corresponds to the mass of heme b. MALDI imaging is the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization as a mass spectrometry imagingMcDonnell LA, Heeren RM Imaging mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry reviews 26 4 606–43 2007 17471576 10.1002/mas.20124 technique in which the sample, often a thin tissue section, is moved in two dimensions while the mass spectrum is recorded.Chaurand P, Norris JL, Cornett DS, Mobley JA, Caprioli RM New developments in profiling and imaging of proteins from tissue sections by MALDI mass spectrometry J. Proteome Res. 5 11 2889–900 2006 17081040 10.1021/pr060346u Applications thumb|right|200 px|Target for MALDI imaging with two conductive-surface microscope slides. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry involves the visualization of the spatial distribution of proteins, peptides, drug candidate compounds and their metabolites, biomarkers or other chemicals within thin slices of sample such as animal tissue or plant.Caldwell RL, Caprioli RM Tissue profiling by mass spectrometry: a review of methodology and applications Mol. Cell Proteomics 4 4 394–401 2005 15677390 10.1074/mcp.R500006-MCP200Reyzer ML, Caprioli RM MALDI-MS-based imaging of small molecules and proteins in tissues Current opinion in chemical biology 11 1 29–35 2007 17185024 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.035Woods AS, Jackson SN Brain tissue lipidomics: direct probing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry The AAPS journal 8 2 E391–5 2006 16796390 10.1208/aapsj080244Stoeckli M, Staab D, Schweitzer A Compound and metabolite distribution measured by MALDI mass spectrometric imaging in whole-body tissue sections International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 260 2-3 195–202 2006 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.10.007Khatib-Shahidi S, Andersson M, Herman JL, Gillespie TA, Caprioli RM Direct Molecular Analysis of Whole-body Animal Tissue Sections by Imaging MALDI Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry 78 18 6448–6456 2006 16970320 10.1021/ac060788p It is a promising tool for putative biomarker characterisation and drug development. Initially scientists take tissue slices mounted on microscope slides and apply a suitable MALDI matrix to the tissue, either manually or now automatically. Next, the microscope slide is inserted into a MALDI mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer records the spatial distribution of molecular species such as peptides, proteins or small molecules. Suitable image processing software can be used to import data from the mass spectrometer to allow visualisation and comparison with the optical image of the sample. Recent work has also demonstrated the capacity to create three-dimensional molecular images using the MALDI imaging technology and co-registration of these image volumes to other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Andersson M, Groseclose MR, Deutch AY, Caprioli RM Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides: 3D Volume Reconstruction Nature Methods 5 1 101–108 2008 18165806 10.1038/nmeth1145Sinha TK, Khatib-Shahidi S, Yankeelov TE, Mapara K, Ehtesham M, Cornett DS, Dawant BM, Caprioli RM, Gore JC Integrating Spatially Resolved Three-Dimensional MALDI IMS with in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nature Methods 5 1 57–59 2008 18084298 10.1038/nmeth1147 2649801 References Francese S, Dani FR, Traldi P, Mastrobuoni G, Pieraccini G, Moneti G MALDI mass spectrometry imaging, from its origins up to today: the state of the art Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen. 12 2 156–74 2009 February 19199884 http://www.bentham-direct.org/pages/content.php?CCHTS/2009/00000012/00000002/0004A.SGM