Esperanto/School

5 Complex Tenses So far, we have covered how to form infinitives, the three simple tenses, commands, and conditionals. We will now cover how to use participles to create more complex tenses. By combining a participle with a form of the verb "esti" ("to be"), you can create a verb combining two tenses. Look at the chart below. estas estis estos esti estus -antastill ongoingAll of these have almost the same meaning as bakas, bakis, bakos, baki, and bakus (respectively), the difference being that the participles always translate "(is/was/will be) baking", as opposed to "bakes", "baked", "will bake", etc. estas bakantais baking (right now) estis bakantawas bakingThis carries the implication that the person was baking, but did not necessarily finish. estos bakantawill be baking esti bakantato be baking estus bakantawould be baking -intacompleted estas bakintahas baked estis bakintahad baked estos bakintawill have baked, will be done baking esti bakintato have baked estus bakintawould have baked -ontato begin later (possibly soon) estas bakontais going to bake, about to bake estis bakontawas going to bake estos bakontawill be going to bake esti bakontato be going to bake estus bakontawould be going to bake -ata"...being..." estas bakatais being baked estis bakatawas being baked estos bakatawill be baked, will be being baked esti bakatato be (being) baked estus bakatawould be (being) baked -ita"having been..." estas bakitahas been baked estis bakitahad been baked estos bakitawill have been baked, will already be baked esti bakitato have been baked estus bakitawould have been baked -ota"...about/going to be..." estas bakotais going to be baked estis bakotawas going to be baked estos bakotawill be going to be baked esti bakotato be going to be baked estus bakotawould be going to be baked You will notice that many of these combinations have awkward English translations. Though all of these combinations are acceptable Esperanto, a rewording would be appropriate when translating them into English. Remember that the three simple tenses should be used whenever possible. These combinations should only be used when the alternative would cause ambiguity. Lernejo (School) Show TranslationNick: Hi, where is Mr. Mikelo? He is my teacher today. Pedro: He is in the East Wing. You should hurry! Nick: OK. What does Mr. Mikelo teach? Pedro: He teaches science. He's nice, you will like him. Nick: Thanks… see you later! Finding a Teacher / Trovi Instruiston Niĉjo: Saluton, kie estas Sinjoro Mikelo? Li estas mia instruisto hodiaŭ. Petro: Li estas en la Orienta Alo. Vi devas hasti! Niĉjo: Bone. Kion instruas Sinjoro Mikelo? Petro: Li instruas sciencon. Li estas agrabla, vi ŝatos lin. Niĉjo: Dankon… ĝis! + Vocabulary / Vortlisto Esperanto English kie where Sinjoro Mr., sir, etc. instruisto teacher hodiaŭ today Orienta East Alo Wing (of airplane, building, army, etc.) devi should, ought (to) hasti to hurry Kio what instrui to teach scienco science agrabla nice, agreeable ŝati to like, appreciate ĝis see you later The suffix -isto The suffix -isto, as in instruisto, denotes profession. To teach is instrui, a teacher is instruisto. Dento is a tooth, dentisto is a dentist. 5