Python Programming/Library Modules

This is a list of python modules in the standard library as of Python 3.6. __future__: Future statement definitions __main__: The environment where the top-level script is run. _dummy_thread: Drop-in replacement for the _thread module. _thread: Low-level threading API. abc: Abstract base classes according to PEP 3119. aifc: Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format. argparse: Command-line option and argument parsing library. array: Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values. ast: Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation. asynchat: Support for asynchronous command/response protocols. asyncio: Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks. asyncore: A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling services. atexit: Register and execute cleanup functions. audioop: Manipulate raw audio data. base64: RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings; Base85 and Ascii85 bdb: Debugger framework. binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations. binhex: Encode and decode files in binhex4 format. bisect: Array bisection algorithms for binary searching. builtins: The module that provides the built-in namespace. bz2: Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression. calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program. cgi: Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface. cgitb: Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts. chunk: Module to read IFF chunks. cmath: Mathematical functions for complex numbers. cmd: Build line-oriented command interpreters. code: Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops. codecs: Encode and decode data and streams. codeop: Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code. collections: Container datatypes colorsys: Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems. compileall: Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree. concurrent: configparser: Configuration file parser. contextlib: Utilities for with-statement contexts. copy: Shallow and deep copy operations. copyreg: Register pickle support functions. cProfile crypt (Unix): The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files. ctypes: A foreign function library for Python. curses (Unix): An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. datetime: Basic date and time types. dbm: Interfaces to various Unix "database" formats. decimal: Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification. difflib: Helpers for computing differences between objects. dis: Disassembler for Python bytecode. distutils: Support for building and installing Python modules into an existing Python installation. doctest: Test pieces of code within docstrings. dummy_threading: Drop-in replacement for the threading module. email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages. encodings: ensurepip: Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python installation or virtual environment. enum: Implementation of an enumeration class. errno: Standard errno system symbols. faulthandler: Dump the Python traceback. fcntl (Unix): The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls. filecmp: Compare files efficiently. fileinput: Loop over standard input or a list of files. fnmatch: Unix shell style filename pattern matching. formatter: Deprecated: Generic output formatter and device interface. fpectl (Unix): Provide control for floating point exception handling. fractions: Rational numbers. ftplib: FTP protocol client (requires sockets). functools: Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects. gc: Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector. getopt: Portable parser for command line options; support both short and long option names. getpass: Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid. gettext: Multilingual internationalization services. glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion. grp (Unix): The group database (getgrnam() and friends). gzip: Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects. hashlib: Secure hash and message digest algorithms. heapq: Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue). hmac: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation html: Helpers for manipulating HTML. http: HTTP status codes and messages imaplib: IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets). imghdr: Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream. imp: Deprecated: Access the implementation of the import statement. importlib: The implementation of the import machinery. inspect: Extract information and source code from live objects. io: Core tools for working with streams. ipaddress: IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library. itertools: Functions creating iterators for efficient looping. json: Encode and decode the JSON format. keyword: Test whether a string is a keyword in Python. lib2to3: the 2to3 library linecache: This module provides random access to individual lines from text files. locale: Internationalization services. logging: Flexible event logging system for applications. lzma: A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library. macpath: Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions. mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats mailcap: Mailcap file handling. marshal: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints). math: Mathematical functions (sin() etc.). mimetypes: Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types. mmap: Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows. modulefinder: Find modules used by a script. msilib (Windows): Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files. msvcrt (Windows): Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime. multiprocessing: Process-based parallelism. netrc: Loading of .netrc files. nis (Unix): Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library. nntplib: NNTP protocol client (requires sockets). numbers: Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.). operator: Functions corresponding to the standard operators. optparse: Deprecated: Command-line option parsing library. os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. ossaudiodev (Linux, FreeBSD): Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. parser: Access parse trees for Python source code. pathlib: Object-oriented filesystem paths pdb: The Python debugger for interactive interpreters. pickle: Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back. pickletools: Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions. pipes (Unix): A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines. pkgutil: Utilities for the import system. platform: Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible. plistlib: Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files. poplib: POP3 protocol client (requires sockets). posix (Unix): The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). pprint: Data pretty printer. profile: Python source profiler. pstats: Statistics object for use with the profiler. pty (Linux): Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux. pwd (Unix): The password database (getpwnam() and friends). py_compile: Generate byte-code files from Python source files. pyclbr: Supports information extraction for a Python class browser. pydoc: Documentation generator and online help system. queue: A synchronized queue class. quopri: Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding. random: Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions. re: Regular expression operations. readline (Unix): GNU readline support for Python. reprlib: Alternate repr() implementation with size limits. resource (Unix): An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process. rlcompleter: Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library. runpy: Locate and run Python modules without importing them first. sched: General purpose event scheduler. secrets: Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets. select: Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams. selectors: High-level I/O multiplexing. shelve: Python object persistence. shlex: Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages. shutil: High-level file operations, including copying. signal: Set handlers for asynchronous events. site: Module responsible for site-specific configuration. smtpd: A SMTP server implementation in Python. smtplib: SMTP protocol client (requires sockets). sndhdr: Determine type of a sound file. socket: Low-level networking interface. socketserver: A framework for network servers. spwd (Unix): The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). sqlite3: A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x. ssl: TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat(). statistics: mathematical statistics functions string: Common string operations. stringprep: String preparation, as per RFC 3453 struct: Interpret bytes as packed binary data. subprocess: Subprocess management. sunau: Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format. symbol: Constants representing internal nodes of the parse tree. symtable: Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables. sys: Access system-specific parameters and functions. sysconfig: Python's configuration information syslog (Unix): An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. tabnanny: Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python source files in a directory tree. tarfile: Read and write tar-format archive files. telnetlib: Telnet client class. tempfile: Generate temporary files and directories. termios (Unix): POSIX style tty control. test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python. textwrap: Text wrapping and filling threading: Thread-based parallelism. time: Time access and conversions. timeit: Measure the execution time of small code snippets. tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces token: Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree. tokenize: Lexical scanner for Python source code. trace: Trace or track Python statement execution. traceback: Print or retrieve a stack traceback. tracemalloc: Trace memory allocations. tty (Unix): Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations. turtle: An educational framework for simple graphics applications turtledemo: A viewer for example turtle scripts types: Names for built-in types. typing: Support for type hints (see PEP 484). unicodedata: Access the Unicode Database. unittest: Unit testing framework for Python. urllib: uu: Encode and decode files in uuencode format. uuid: UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122 venv: Creation of virtual environments. warnings: Issue warning messages and control their disposition. wave: Provide an interface to the WAV sound format. weakref: Support for weak references and weak dictionaries. webbrowser: Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers. winreg (Windows): Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry. winsound (Windows): Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows. wsgiref: WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation. xdrlib: Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR). xml: Package containing XML processing modules zipapp: Manage executable python zip archives zipfile: Read and write ZIP-format archive files. zipimport: support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives. zlib: Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip.