History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Peter Robert Challen/Notes

3 Peter Robert Challen - Transcriptions and notes Key article copies Non-chronological material 1850s 1850 1850 01 1850 02 1850 03 1850 04 1850 05 1850 06 1850 07 1850 08 1850 09 1850 10 1850 11 1850 12 1851 1851 01 1851 02 1851 03 1851 04 1851 05 1851 06 1851 07 1851 08 1851 09 1851 10 1851 11 1851 12 1852 1852 01 1852 02 1852 03 1852 04 1852 05 1852 06 1852 07 1852 08 1852 09 1852 10 1852 11 1852 12 1853 1853 01 1853 02 1853 03 1853 04 1853 05 1853 06 1853 07 1853 08 1853 09 1853 10 1853 11 1853 12 1854 1854 01 1854 02 1854 03 1854 04 1854 05 1854 06 1854 07 1854 08 1854 09 1854 10 1854 11 1854 12 1855 1855 01 1855 02 1855 03 1855 04 1855 05 1855 06 1855 07 1855 08 1855 09 1855 10 1855 11 1855 12 1856 1856 01 1856 02 1856 03 1856 04 1856 05 1856 06 1856 07 1856 08 1856 09 1856 10 1856 11 1856 12 1857 1857 01 1857 02 1857 03 1857 04 1857 05 1857 06 1857 07 1857 08 1857 09 1857 10 1857 11 1857 12 1858 1858 01 1858 02 1858 03 1858 04 1858 05 1858 06 1858 07 1858 08 1858 09 1858 10 1858 11 1858 12 1859 1859 01 1859 02 1859 03 1859 04 1859 05 1859 06 1859 07 1859 08 1859 09 1859 10 1859 11 1859 12 1860s 1860 1860 01 1860 02 1860 03 1860 04 1860 05 1860 06 1860 07 1860 08 1860 09 1860 10 1860 11 1860 12 1861 1861 01 1861 02 1861 03 1861 04 1861 05 1861 06 1861 07 1861 08 1861 09 1861 10 1861 11 1861 12 1862 1862 01 1862 02 1862 03 1862 04 1862 05 1862 06 1862 07 1862 08 1862 09 1862 10 1862 11 1862 12 1863 1863 01 1863 02 1863 03 1863 04 1863 05 1863 06 1863 07 1863 08 1863 09 1863 10 1863 11 1863 12 1864 1864 01 1864 02 1864 03 1864 04 1864 05 1864 06 1864 07 1864 08 1864 09 1864 10 1864 11 1864 12 1865 1865 01 1865 02 1865 03 1865 04 1865 05 1865 06 1865 07 1865 08 1865 09 1865 10 1865 11 Challen offers a reward for missing mail carrier (Telegraph Office, Buninyong, 10 km south of Ballarat) £2 REWARD.— Mysterious Disappearance of Thomas Ryan, the Boy who carried the mails to and from Buninyong, Whim Holes, and Hardie's Hills. He is 12 years of age, fair complexion. Was dressed in a suit of shepherd's plaid and black cloth cap with French peak. He was last seen at Whim Holes on the morning of 18th inst. Any person giving information that will lead to his recovery, or bringing him to either of the undersigned will receive the above reward. Thomas Webb, Mail Contractor, Buninyong Railway Station, or P. R. Challen, Telegraph office, Buninyong.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article112880702 Advertising The Ballarat Star X, 280 Victoria, Australia 24 November 1865 25 September 2020 4 National Library of Australia 1865 12 1866 1866 01 1866 02 1866 03 1866 04 1866 05 1866 06 1866 07 1866 08 1866 09 1866 10 1866 11 1866 12 1867 1867 01 1867 02 1867 03 1867 04 1867 05 1867 06 1867 07 1867 08 1867 09 1867 10 1867 11 1867 12 1868 1868 01 1868 02 1868 03 1868 04 1868 05 1868 06 1868 07 1868 08 1868 09 1868 10 1868 11 1868 12 1869 1869 01 1869 02 1869 03 1869 04 1869 05 1869 06 1869 07 1869 08 1869 09 1869 10 1869 11 Challen appointed as Telegraph Officer at Cape Schanck with General Post Office from 1 Oct 1869 TELEGRAPH OFFICER. THE Govenor in council has been pleased to sanction the undermentioned appointment, viz.:- P. R. CHALLEN to be Officer in charge of Electric Telegraph and Collector of Imposts at Cape Schanck, from the 1st October, 1869, vice G. Day transferred. JOHN A. MacPHERSON, Chief Secretary. General Post Office, Melbourne, 4th November, 1869.http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1869&class=general&page_num=1798&state=V&classNum=G62&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 12 November 1869 1869 62 1798 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen as Telegraph Officer, Cape Schanck. , 1869 12 1870s 1870 1870 01 1870 02 1870 03 1870 04 Challen transferred from his position as manager of electric telegraph and collector of imposts at Cape Schanck, replaced by a lady The following appointments are gazetted:— Messrs Clement Hodgkinson, C.E., Charles Rowand, C.E., Clement Wilks, C.E., and William C. Kernot, M.A., C.E., to be a Board of Examiners for the examination of surveyors requiring to obtain certificates of compe-tency as surveyors of land and works; Messrs James Anselm Grieve, of Gray Town, during residence at Gray Town, and Arthur George Wade, of Coleraine, during residence at Coleraine, to be commissioners for the Supreme Court of Victoria for taking affidavits within the colony; Sergeant Percival Renon, of the Kyneton troop of V.V. Light Horse, to be lieutenant; Miss Sarah Bowie to be acting manager of electric telegraph and collector of imposts at Cape Schanck vice P. R. Challen, transferred; Mr W. L. Archer to be acting manager of electric telegraph and collector of imposts, also acting postmaster, at Maldon, during the absence on leave of T. Reed; Mr Asher Ellis to be acting manager of electric telegraph and collector of imposts, also acting postmaster, at Buninyong, during the absence on leave of G. A. Firman.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article219307823 COSMOPOLITAN V IRONMONGERS. The Ballarat Star XV, 91 Victoria, Australia 18 April 1870 26 September 2020 4 National Library of Australia 1870 05 1870 06 1870 07 Challen's marraige notice MARRIED. Challen — Pearson — On the 16th July, by special license, at Christ Church, Geelong, by the Rev. George Goodman, Peter Robert, eldest son of the late Charles Challen, to Florence, only daughter of the late William Sharp Pearson, stationer, Sydney, New South Wales, and niece of Pearson Brothers, Stationers, Bishopgate-street within, London.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article148792845 Family Notices Geelong Advertiser 7399 Victoria, Australia 21 July 1870 29 September 2020 2 National Library of Australia 1870 08 1870 09 Challen appointed as acting manager Electric Telegraph, Linton's with General Post Office from 25 August 1870 COLLECTORS OF IMPOSTS. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. THE Governor in Council has been pleased to sanction the undermentioned arrangements, viz.:- P. R. CHALLEN, to be Acting Manager of Electric Telegraph and Collector of Imposts, also Acting Postmaster at Linton's, from the 25th August 1870, vice J. B. Scurfield relieved. F. W. RACKHAM resumed duty as Manager of Electric Telegraph and Collector of Imposts, also as Postmaster, at Penshurst, on the 6th September 1870. THO. T. A'BECKETT, Commissioner of Trade and Customs. General Post Office, Melbourne, 9th September 1870.http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1870&class=general&page_num=1366&state=V&classNum=G62&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 16 September 1870 1870 62 1366 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen as acting manager Electric Telegraph, Linton's. , The reason for Challen's Linton appointment above due to embezzlement charge upon his predecessor POLICE. CITY COURT. Thursday, 15th September. (Before Mr Gaunt, P.M., the Mayor, and Messrs Doane, Lewis, and Dyte, J’s.P.) . . . John Barwise Scurfield was then charged with having at Linton, on 24th August, feloniously embezzled the sum of £55 17s 1d, moneys belonging to the Government of the colony of Victoria. Detective Eason, who conducted the prosecution, intimated that the prisoner had been arrested at Northcote. Thomas Reynolds James, inspector of the postal service, residing at Melbourne, gave evidence showing that he knew the prisoner, and that he had been in the employ of the Government as post and telegraph master at Linton. The Government Gazette, folio 2257, contained the appointment. The rules for the prisoner’s guidance in the discharge of his duties in connection with the money-order branch were put in, as also the prisoner’s receipt for the same. Witness also produced a book of regulations for the guidance of the prisoner as postmaster. The 32nd clause of the amended regulations related to the prisoner’s duties in reference to remitting the money-order moneys. The 82nd clause also had reference to the banking of the same, showing that all surplus money should be forwarded by draft. Witness recollected 8th April last; audited the prisoner’s books at Linton on that day (books produced). The money-order book was then quite correct; wrote a statement to that effect, and the prisoner signed it (statement produced). That was witness’ last visit to the Linton office till 24th August last. The prisoner, in carrying out his orders, had to forward a monthly and also a daily statement to the head of the department. (Monthly receipts from the comptroller to the prisoner from 8th April up to the end of July put in, and all stated by witness to be correct.) On 1st August the prisoner, according to the books, ought to have had in his possession £55 9s 9d, not including postage stamps or telegraph money. The next remittance made by the prisoner was on 6th August, when he remitted £26 7s 3d. The comptroller drew the prisoner’s attention to a remittance not having come in due course, and on 16th August the prisoner replied that the reason he had not sent the remittance was that the local banker was absent, and the money would be remitted on his return. In consequence of the non-remittance of the money promised, witness came to Linton on 24th August. Saw the prisoner in the post-office. Asked him how it was that he had not remitted the money in accordance with the regulations. The prisoner thereupon became very excited, and went into an adjoining room, he soon came out again, and said there was no use concealing the fact, he had taken the post-office money to pay his private debts, and had not been able to replace it. Witness then made an audit and found cash due to the department, £55 17s 1d; everything was correct unless the money-order book. Detective Eason said there was a difficulty in the case, as the department could not part with the books, but the witness would prove the accounts by the money-order slips. (Seventeen slips handed in.) Witness certified to their accuracy. The slips included transactions from 1st to 24th August. Witness produced a daily statement signed by prisoner on 24th August, and charging himself with £56 10s 11d as owing to the department. Detective Eason said that he had a written statement by the prisoner to the postmaster, wherein the offence was admitted. (Statement put in and perused by the magistrate, but not read aloud.) The prisoner admitted that the statement was made by him. Witness said he reported the matter to the department, and handed over the charge of the Linton office to Mr Challen, and left him all the books, documents, and moneys connected therewith. In reply to Detective Eason, the prisoner intimated that he did not wish to put any questions to the witness. Peter Robert Challen gave evidence showing that he was postmaster at Linton. Recollected 25th August; took charge of the office on that day. Knew the book produced marked D. Saw the statement attached to the book; it was made out by Mr. James. The prisoner was in the office at the time. Witness received £13 9s from Mr James in presence of the prisoner. Found no moneys there since. Took charge of everything at the office. Found all the rules and regulations at the office as usual. The books and documents had not since been from under witness' control. Heard Mr James’ evidence, and it was generally correct. The prisoner declined to put any question to this witness. Detective Eason wished to have it put in the depositions that the statement referred to was merely a copy of the statement of the general deficiency. Wm. Edward Frazer, bank accountant at Linton, gave evidence showing that he knew the prisoner as postmaster at Linton; he (the prisoner) kept the public account at the bank (New South Wales). There was no other bank at Linton. (Pass-book between the bank and the prisoner produced by witness.) On 18th July last the prisoner’s account was closed. He on that day paid in moneys, and also took out the balance. He had not since had any dealings with the bank, or made any application to draw any money. In reply to the usual question by the magistrate as to whether the prisoner wished to make any statement, he intimated that he wished to reserve his defence. He was then committed for trial at the next Circuit Court, Ballarat, on 4th October. He applied to be admitted to bail. Detective Eason said he wished to make his worship acquainted with the fact that arsenic was found among the prisoner’s effects. The prisoner, in reply to the magistrate, said that he had got the arsenic through the coach driver. He (the prisoner) had bought sixpence worth for medicine for a dog. The arsenic was obtained from Mr Corinaldi, Smythesdale, and was sent for through the coach driver. The prisoner requested his worship to take into consideration the delicate state of his health in fixing the amount of security, as also the matter as to his having a family. Bail was allowed in two sureties of £100 each.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article218798472 POLICE. The Ballarat Star XV, 221 Victoria, Australia 16 September 1870 29 September 2020 4 National Library of Australia 1870 10 The above matter is concluded, Challen's predecessor receiving 6 months without hard labour CIRCUIT COURT. Thursday, 6th October. (Before His Honor Mr Justice Williams.) The Circuit Court sat at nine o’clock. . . . EMBEZZLEMENT.— John Barwise Scurfield was indicted for that he did on the 24th day of August, whilst employed in the service of the Queen, take into his possession and embezzle the sum of £55 17s 1d. A second count of the indictment charged the prisoner with stealing the abovementioned moneys. The prisoner pleaded not guilty, and was defended by Mr McDermott. Mr Adamson having briefly stated the case, voluminous evidence was produced, from which it appeared that the prisoner was in the position of postmaster and telegraph-master at Linton, and had the control of the money-order office there. He had directions to forward all moneys except those which he absolutely required for the service of the office. On 30th July the balance held by the prisoner was £55 9s 9d, and up to the 24th he issued 17 money-orders, for which he received £45 7s 11d. During the same period he paid four orders to the amount of £17 9s 6d. On 6th August prisoner remitted to the head-office £26 7s 3d. On 24th August the debit in his case was £56 10s 11d, less 13s 10d accounted for. He had been twice directed to make up his debit balance, and on 24th August the inspector of postal establishments, Mr Thomas Reynolds James, visited the Linton branch. Prisoner then admitted that he had taken the money to pay private bills, and was short in his cash. He had endeavored to prevail upon the Government to look over his offence for the sake of his wife and family. Mr McDermott for the defence pointed out that all prisoner’s accounts were correct, and that he had only been guilty of keeping back money. His Honor Mr Justice Molesworth, he pointed out, had given the opinion that the mere keeping back of money for a little time was not strictly embezzlement. His Honor in his summing up of the evidence, considered that the charge of embezzlement might as well be at once struck from the books if the opinion was held that the mere stoppage of money was not embezzlement. The jury retired, and returned into court with a verdict of guilty and a recommendation to mercy. In consequence of good character his Honor passed a sentence of six months' imprisonment in the Ballarat Gaol, without hard labor.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article218799072 CIRCUIT COURT. The Ballarat Star XV, 239 Victoria, Australia 7 October 1870 29 September 2020 4 National Library of Australia 1870 11 1870 12 1871 1871 01 1871 02 1871 03 1871 04 1871 05 1871 06 Challen transferred from Linton Post Office COLLECTORS OF IMPOSTS. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. THE Governor in Council has been pleased to sanction the undermentioned arrangements, viz.:— John Weatherhead, Postmaster, Gaffney's Creek, to be also Acting Manager of Electric Telegraph and Collector of Imposts at that place from the 26 May 1871. Miss Martha McDonagh to be Acting Manager of Electric Telegraph and Collector of Imposts, also Acting Postmistress, at Linton, from 1st June 1871, vice P. R. Challen, transferred. John Dobson, Postmaster, Dandenong, to be also Acting Manager of Electric Telegraph and Collector of Imposts at that place from the 1st June 1871. Tho. T. A'BECKETT, Commissioner of Trade and Customs, General Post Office, Melbourne, 12th June 1871http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1871&class=general&page_num=972&state=V&classNum=G44&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 23 June 1871 1871 44 972 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Challen transferred from Linton Post Office , 1871 07 1871 08 1871 09 Birth of Challen's first child Robert William Pearson Challen BIRTHS. CHALLEN.— On the 6th inst., at 11 Palk-street, Emerald-hill, the wife of P. R. Challen of a son — both doing well.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5854689 Family Notices The Argus (Melbourne) 7,876 Victoria, Australia 7 September 1871 29 September 2020 4 National Library of Australia 1871 10 1871 11 1871 12 1872 1872 01 1872 02 1872 03 1872 04 1872 05 1872 06 1872 07 1872 08 1872 09 1872 10 1872 11 1872 12 1873 1873 01 1873 02 1873 03 1873 04 1873 05 1873 06 1873 07 1873 08 1873 09 1873 10 1873 11 Death notice for Challen's mother-in-law DEATH. PANKHURST.— On 18th November, at the residence of her son-in-law, P. R. Challen, Stead-street, Emerald-hill, Elizabeth, relict of the late Joseph Pankhurst, also relict of the late William Sharpe Pearson, stationer, of Sydney, aged forty-four years, after a protracted and painful illness. Home, Sydney and Geelong papers please copy.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article202523140 Family Notices The Age 5866 Victoria, Australia 21 November 1873 29 September 2020 2 National Library of Australia 1873 12 1874 1874 01 1874 02 1874 03 1874 04 1874 05 1874 06 1874 07 1874 08 Challen not mentioned in report of establishment of Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria, but almost certainly a founding member (soon presented a paper to fortnightly meeting) MELBOURNE. 8th August. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) . . . I called attention recently in your columns to the establishment in the Indian Telegraphic Service of a school of instruction in the higher branches of telegraphy. With the last few days several of the officers of the Victorian Telegraph Department have established a similar society under the name of the Telegraph Electrical Society. Messrs G. Jimbert (sic, Smibert), D. J. McGaurin, D. Mickle, and H. W. Jenvey are the committee of management, and it is proposed to publish the transactions of the society at periodical intervals. The first paper will be read at the Athenaeum, on Wednesday next by Mr Daniel, the subject being, "The Object, the Use, and the Working of the Telegraph Electrical Society."http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article199327584 MELBOURNE. The Ballarat Star XIX, 189 Victoria, Australia 10 August 1874 29 September 2020 2 National Library of Australia 1874 09 1874 10 1874 11 First quarterly report of the Telegraph Electrical Society states Challen delivered a paper on "Statical Electricity and the Methods used for producing it" A Telegraph Electrical Society has been formed by the officers of the Electric Telegraph Department, and from the first quarterly report, just submitted, it appears that the society now numbers 89 members — 38 town and 51 corresponding members. In the inaugural address read by the hon. secretary, Mr. L. S. Daniel, the objects of the society are thus defined — 1. The acquiring of knowledge of the higher branches of telegraphy; 2. The acquiring of knowledge of electrical science in the abstract; 3. The keeping the members informed of the movements and changes that are taking place in the great centres of telegraphy. Members are restricted to officials of the Post and Telegraph department, one reason being that if strangers were admitted, there might possibly be objections raised to their being allowed access to the telegraph operating room, where the practical experiments are sometimes carried on. The meetings of the society are held on the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month. During the quarter, papers have been read by Mr. G. Smibert, on "The Theories of Electricity;" by Mr. D. J. McGuaran, on "Duplex Telegraphy;" by Mr. H. W. Jenvey, on "Electrical Resistance," and on "The Adjustment of Morse Instruments;" by Mr. L. S. Daniel, on "Aldini's Bovine Battery;" and by Mr. P. R. Challen, on " Statical Electricity and the methods used for producing it;" several of these subjects being elaborately demonstrated by experiments. A special meeting was held on the 16th September at the Chief Telegraph Office, when Mr. McGuaran showed, on a circuit of 90 miles, the method of working the " duplex" system of telegraphy; messages being sent with perfect facility in contrary directions on the one wire simultaneously.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5883096 The Argus. The Argus (Melbourne) 8,876 Victoria, Australia 24 November 1874 29 September 2020 5 National Library of Australia 1874 12 1875 1875 01 1875 02 Challen attends Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria and exhibits his "powerful electric machine" TELEGRAPH ELECTRICAL SOCIETY. A lecture was given last night, at the Athenaeum, by members of the Electric Telegraph department, who have formed themselves into a society for the purpose of studying the science which they are daily engaged in putting to practical use. There was a good attendance, and the hall was fitted up with apparatus used in transmitting messages. A telegraph station was fixed on the platform, another in the gallery, with an intermediate station in the body of the hall. Some very powerful machines were placed on the platform, the best of which belonged to a member of the society. Mr. Turner, Deputy Postmaster-General, opened the proceedings by stating that while so many used the telegraph few knew how the power used was produced and controlled, and to explain this was the object of the lecture. Mr. Daniel, the secretary of the society, then illustrated the nature of electric telegraphy, pointing out that no one knew what electricity was, but it was called a current or fluid. He explained that electricity was produced by a battery, like the one on the platform, containing vessels or cells, in which zinc and platinum were immersed in a solution of acid. Electricity had, he said, the peculiar property, if passed round a bar of iron, of making the iron a magnet, thus producing electromagnetism. The attraction acting on the key or armature produced the clicking noise that formed the telegraphic signal, which, according to its length, constituted the telegraphic alphabet. Insulators were exhibited and explained, and the use of the lightning-arrester, to prevent the ingress of lightning, was shown, Mr. Daniel pointing out that atmospheric electricity had a peculiar power of jumping from one point to another, and so the arrester, consisting of three points, one of which is connected with the telegraph wire, attracts the lightning and carries it into the earth outside the telegraph office. Dynamic electricity, Mr. Daniel said, had not the same tendency to fly off. Several messages were sent by the Morse system to and from various parts of the hall, and were read by sound. The duplex system, Mr. Daniel explained, was the sending of two messages in contrary directions at the same time on the same wire. The Wheatstone machine commonly used in offices was shown, and then Mr. P. R. Challen exhibited his powerful electric machine, with which several interesting experiments were performed. Some torpedo exploders were fired by electricity to show the manner in which they are used in warfare, and to cause explosions in engineering works. Haselmayer's drum trick was to have been explained, but the battery that should have set the internal mechanism in motion refused to give any sign, and so the trick was not performed. The inductorium battery was induced to act at the last moment, and some beautiful experiments by means of the sparks it emitted were exhibited in the darkened hall. The lecture was very interesting, and could not fail to enlighten those present as to the system of working the electric telegraph. Votes of thanks terminated the proceedings.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article202133732 TELEGRAPH ELECTRICAL SOCIETY. The Age 6238 Victoria, Australia 2 February 1875 30 September 2020 3 National Library of Australia 1875 03 1875 04 1875 05 1875 06 1875 07 1875 08 1875 09 1875 10 1875 11 1875 12 1876 1876 01 1876 02 1876 03 1876 04 1876 05 1876 06 1876 07 Challen demonstrates Edison's "Etheric Force" at a meeting of the Telegraph Electrical Society of Victoria, arguably Australia's earliest example of wireless transmission ETHERIC FORCE. At the usual monthly meeting of the Telegraph Electrical Society, held at the chief telegraph office on Wednesday evening some experiments were made, highly interesting to students of electricity, on the newly discovered "etheric" force. According to a paper on the subject read by Mr. L. S. Daniel, this force is developed in the core of an electromagnet by the process of magnetisation and demagnetisation, caused by "make and break" contact, by an ordinary telegraph key, of a strong battery passing through the coils of the electromagnet. The force can then be led by a metal wire to any desired point and its presence plainly shown by a spark more or less brilliant. This spark, indeed, is the only indication that has as yet been obtained of the existence of this so called etheric force, and for some years past it has occasionally been noticed by persons experimenting in electricity, but it was not until November last that Mr. T. A. Edison, a well known electrician of New York, was induced to experiment on it, and be found it exhibit such singular properties that he has been led to look upon it as a new electrical force, distinct from known dynamic and static electricity. According to accounts received, this force ignores insulation, and shows not the faintest indication of its presence on the galvanometer or on the electrometer. The wire leading it from the magnet has been taken outside the laboratory, carried along a wet ditch, and on being brought back has emitted its spark as if it had been carefully insulated. A glass rod introduced into the circuit does not act as an obstacle to the passage of the spark. These statements are so opposed to the known action of electricity that some doubt, and even ridicule, was at first cast upon Mr. Edison's alleged discovery, but many students of electricity having investigated it (notably Dr. G. A. Beard, of New York, who has contributed an able paper on the subject to a recent number of the Quarterly Journal of Science), it has been demonstrated that the statements are in the main correct. The experiments made at the Telegraph Electrical Society's meeting on Wednesday evening, and which were conducted by Mr. P. R. Challen, showed conclusively the existence of the so-called force, and sparks were distinctly drawn from the core of an electromagnet to a distant point through a wire, which included in its circuit a glass rod over 18in. in length. A good earth connexion, however, introduced into the circuit effectually stopped the transmission of the spark. Not a trace of any current from the magnet was observable on the galvanometer. It was resolved to continue the investigation of this novelty in electrical phenomena, which, though probably it will be shown to be easily accounted for and of no practical use, may possibly be the means of determining more closely the relation known to exist between dynamic and static electricity.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5895059 ETHERIC FORCE. The Argus (Melbourne) 9,386 Victoria, Australia 14 July 1876 30 September 2020 7 National Library of Australia 1876 08 Challen elected to committee of management at annual meeting of the Telegraph Electrical Society The annual meeting of the Telegraph Electrical Society was held last night, at the chief Telegraph-office. The report for the past twelvemonth shows the society to be in a steadily progressive condition. Eighteen meetings were held, at which papers were read — On "Magnetism and Electricity," by Mr. Geo. Smibert on "Wheatstone's Alphabetical Instrument," by Mr. H. Quarry; on "A New Automatic Repeater," by Mr. D. J. McGauran; on the "Morse Instrument," by Mr. L. S. Daniel; on "Local Batteries, " by Mr. S. R. Deverell; on the "Quadruplex System," by Mr. D. J. McGauran; on "Spagnoletti's Electrical Semaphore," by Mr. K. L. Murray; and on "Edison's Newly Discovered Force," by Mr. L. S. Daniel. These papers, with other electrical intelligence, have all been printed and issued to the country members. The election of a committee of management having taken place, resulted in the return of Messrs, Mickle, Smibert, Challen, and Cumming. Mr. L. S. Daniel was unanimously re-elected secretary.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5898298 The Argus. The Argus (Melbourne) 9,409 Victoria, Australia 10 August 1876 1 October 2020 5 National Library of Australia 1876 09 1876 10 Challen assists in a lecture on the Moon the Melbourne Catholic Young Men's Society A lecture on the "Moon" was delivered by Mr. Thos. Harrison to the Melbourne Catholic Young Men's Society in St. Patrick's Hall, on Wednesday evening. He gave illustrations by the sciopticon of the moon under various phases. Mr. P. R. Challen and Mr. Patching assisted. The Rev. D. F. Barry occupied the chair.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5905770 The Argus. The Argus (Melbourne) 9,464 Victoria, Australia 13 October 1876 1 October 2020 5 National Library of Australia 1876 11 1876 12 1877 1877 01 1877 02 1877 03 Birth notice for Challen's fifth child Grace who sadly lived only 14 days Births. . . . CHALLEN.— On the 25th ult., at Edinburgh-cottage, Queen-street, Emerald-hill, the wife of P. R. Challen of a daughter.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5916239 Family Notices The Argus (Melbourne) 9,599 Victoria, Australia 21 March 1877 1 October 2020 1 National Library of Australia 1877 04 1877 05 1877 06 1877 07 1877 08 Challen elected to committee of management of Telegraph Electrical Society at its annual meeting The annual meeting of the Telegraph Electrical Society was held last night at the metropolitan telegraph office. There was a good attendance of members. The society has now entered on its fourth year, and according to the annual report read by the honorary secretary, continues to possess all the elements of vitality. Seven new members were elected during the past year, and pamphlets containing the latest electrical intelligence have been distributed among the members. The financial report showed the society to have a balance in hand of £25. Efforts are being made by some members to produce the latest telegraphic wonder, the telephone; although not yet successful, they are still sanguine of success. The election of officers of the society for the ensuing 12 months resulted in the re-election of Mr. L. S. Daniel as hon. secretary, and of Messrs. P. R. Challen, J. D. Doyle, H. W. Jenvey, and G. Smibert as members of the committee of management. A special vote of thanks was given to the hon. secretary for his labours during the past year.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5931660 The Argus. The Argus (Melbourne) 9,713 Victoria, Australia 2 August 1877 1 October 2020 5 National Library of Australia As previous, a little more detail about issues with accommodation The Melbourne Telegraph Electrical Society held its fourth annual general meeting last night at the Elizabeth-street Telegraph Office. The preliminary business consisted of the election of office-bearers, and Mr. L. S. Daniel was unanimously re-elected to fill the joint office of honorary secretary and treasurer. Messrs. P. R. Challen, J. D. Doyle, H. W. Jenvey and Geo. Smibert were chosen to form the committee of management for the ensuing year. Financially speaking, the society is still successful, but its operations have for some time been restricted for want of a suitable room, fitted with galvanic batteries and other scientific appliances, in which experiments could be conducted. It is, however, hoped that the Government will provide the necessary accommodation, so that the officers of the Victorian telegraph service may keep pace with the rapid progress now being made in the science of telegraphy.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article206925694 NEWS OF THE DAY. The Age 7013 Victoria, Australia 2 August 1877 1 October 2020 2 National Library of Australia 1877 09 1877 10 1877 11 1877 12 1878 1878 01 1878 02 Challen the key player in early telephony experiments by Victoria Posts and Telegraphs, Henry Sutton in the wings THE TELEPHONE. Very interesting and successful experiments with the last great revelation of science, the telephone, were made on Sunday at the Ballarat and Melbourne telegraph offices simultaneously. Sunday was selected as the day for experiment, not that the gentlemen operating have not due respect for the fourth commandment, but because on that day only the telegraph lines are not used, and the work of important scientific trial of a great discovery can be carried on without interruption. At the Melbourne office Mr James and a few other gentlemen attended at 11 a.m., the time agreed upon, while Messrs Bechervaise, Challen, Blandford, Macaw, Whitelaw, with a few gentlemen specially invited, and the representatives of the Press, occupied the Ballarat office. Mr P. R. Challen, a clever electrician employed at the Melbourne office, and a member of the Torpedo Corps, is, we are informed, the gentleman, who constructed the first telephones ever seen in Victoria, from some of which results completely satisfactory have been obtained. He obtained his idea of the instrument from the description of Professor Bell’s given by the Scientific American, though he never anticipated obtaining the results detailed by some American papers. Mr. Challen’s telephone is constructed thus:— A magnetised steel bar about 6 inches long forms the core; at one end of this, thin silk-covered copper wire, in quantity proportionate to the resistance of the line, is wound; the core is then enclosed in a wooden case; close to and in front of the coil of wire a very thin plate of iron called the diaphragm is fixed, and the upper part of the wooden case forms a kind of bell or sound concentrator. The ends of the copper wire are connected with the telegraph or connecting wire between the two persons who wish to talk, and each person having a telephone, communication is established. The person speaking holds his telephone to his mouth, letting it touch his chin, and speaks into it in a clear, distinct manner. The sound causes the diaphragm to vibrate, and these slight vibrations so affect the magnetised steel bar that by an electromagnetic effect a current of electricity is created in the encircling coil of wire. Flashing along the line of communication to the second telephone, it passes reversely through the coils, and affecting the magnetism of the bar causes the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sounds similar to those shouted into the sending telephone. The sound itself does not travel, but, by an application of that marvellous agent electricity, is reproduced. In 1861 one Reiss, of Frankfort, constructed a telephone which transmitted musical sounds, and anticipations of it seem to have existed for very many years. Professor Bell brought it to its present pitch, and by experiments such as are now being made all over the world, we may hope to reach in earnest that imaginative account given in jest by an American journal, wherein it was stated that a large audience could sit in a room and listen to a concert given in another room 30 miles away, the sound coming by telephone with as much distinctness as though the audience and the singers were only 30 feet apart. Messrs Bechervaise and Challen acted as conductors of the experiments here, and a lively conversation with the Melbourne operators commenced. On placing the telephone to the ear to listen for the answer, the words came in a faint thin tone, but one so exquisitely clear that the very inflexions of the speaker’s voice could be noticed. "Cooey," from its open, vowel sound, could always be heard, but sibilant and guttural sounds did not always come plainly. At times the answers were wonderfully distinct, every word falling on the ear with refreshing clearness. The voice always, however, seemed to be refined, and, as it were, thinned away until the sounds seemed to come from fairy-like creatures seated in the recesses of the telephone. The voice of Mr Bechervaise was recognised by Mr. James, and friendly greetings were exchanged. The Melbourne men said that it rained, and asked to be cheered with a song. They were regaled with "Hold the fort," the strains of which they did not recognise! Whether this was due to the slips of the singers, or to want of knowledge of religious matters on the part of the hearers, remained an open question. The Melbourne operators then sang ‘"God Save the Queen, taking different parts. The melody came through with the utmost distinctness, the tenor voice sounding remarkably clear. The fairy sounds were so attractive that "Encore" was shouted from this end and the peal of laughter that burst from the lips of those who had been singing was plainly audible here, 100 miles from the vocalists. Conversation followed, and everyone had a chance of hearing for himself the replies from Melbourne. At half past 12, after the most successful experiments yet made, an appointment was made for 3 o’clock, and the parties separated. At 3 a large party, including a few ladies, assembled in the Ballarat office, and experiments made again. A flute was played at the Melbourne end, a telephone being placed on it. At this end the sound resembled "horns of Elf-land faintly blowing," every note coming with a purity and distinctness very pleasing. Communication now began to change for the worse, and frequently words and whole sentences of a speech seemed to be arrested, or to only reach the ear in a series of funny crackles. It was stated that heavy rain was falling, and that disturbing electrical influences were prevalent, so that the second sitting was closed early. Mr Challen will, we believe, remain here, and some more experiments may be made tonight. The success attending the operations here is apparent when we state that from Sydney to East Maitland only "Cooey" would travel, and that from Melbourne to Albury, 190 miles, only an occasional word could be communicated. Here ordinary conversation could be heard, though the telephone had to be held closely to the ear. Challen has substituted for a magnetised piece of steel with soft iron core, as Professor Bell uses, a piece of steel without the iron. Mr H. Sutton, who made a very good pair of telephones on Professor Bell's principle, and who used them on Sunday, found them inferior in power to Mr Challen's.http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article199284053 THE TELEPHONE. The Ballarat Star XXIII, 30 Victoria, Australia 4 February 1878 1 October 2020 3 National Library of Australia 1878 03 1878 04 1878 05 1878 06 1878 07 1878 08 1878 09 1878 10 1878 11 1878 12 1879 1879 01 1879 02 1879 03 1879 04 1879 05 1879 06 1879 07 1879 08 1879 09 1879 10 1879 11 1879 12 1880s 1880 1880 01 1880 02 1880 03 1880 04 1880 05 1880 06 1880 07 1880 08 1880 09 1880 10 1880 11 1880 12 1881 1881 01 1881 02 1881 03 1881 04 1881 05 1881 06 1881 07 1881 08 1881 09 Challen, already Postmaster at Heathcote, appointed as receiver and paymaster with General Post Office from 13 September 1881 RECEIVERS AND PAYMASTERS. THE Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, has been pleased to make the following appointments, viz.:— P. R. CHALLEN, Postmaster at Heathcote, to be also Receiver and Paymaster at that place, vice H. J. T. Tymms transferred; H. J. T. Tymmns, Postmaster at Charlton, to be also Receiver and Paymaster at that place, vice T. Holderness. BRYAN O'LOGHLEN, Treasurer. Treasury, Melbourne, 13th September 1881. http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1881&class=general&page_num=2663&state=V&classNum=G103&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 23 September 1881 1881 103 2663 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen as Receiver and Paymaster, Heathcote. , 1881 10 1881 11 1881 12 1882 1882 01 1882 02 1882 03 1882 04 1882 05 1882 06 1882 07 1882 08 1882 09 1882 10 1882 11 1882 12 1883 1883 01 1883 02 1883 03 1883 04 1883 05 1883 06 1883 07 1883 08 1883 09 1883 10 1883 11 1883 12 1884 1884 01 1884 02 1884 03 1884 04 1884 05 1884 06 1884 07 1884 08 1884 09 1884 10 1884 11 1884 12 1885 1885 01 1885 02 1885 03 1885 04 1885 05 1885 06 1885 07 1885 08 1885 09 1885 10 1885 11 1885 12 1886 1886 01 1886 02 1886 03 1886 04 1886 05 1886 06 1886 07 1886 08 1886 09 1886 10 Challen, already Postmaster at Talbot, appointed as receiver and paymaster with General Post Office from 25 September 1886 RECEIVERS AND PAYMASTERS. M. GLENTON, Postmaster, Heathcote, to be also Receiver and Paymaster at Heathcote, vice P. R. Challen transferred; P. R. Challen, Postmaster, Talbot, to be also Receiver and Paymaster at Talbot, vice H. B. Jones transferred; H. B. Jones, Postmaster, Belfast, to be also Receiver and Paymaster at Belfast, vice J. Thwaites relieved; J. T. R. DALTON to be Acting Receiver and Paymaster at Maryborough, during the absence on leave of W. R. Anderson. D. GILLIES, Treasurer. Treasury, Melbourne, 25th September 1886.http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1886&class=general&page_num=2801&state=V&classNum=G108&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 1 October 1886 1886 108 2801 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen as Receiver and Paymaster, Talbot. , 1886 11 1886 12 1887 1887 01 1887 02 1887 03 1887 04 1887 05 1887 06 1887 07 1887 08 1887 09 1887 10 1887 11 1887 12 1888 1888 01 1888 02 1888 03 1888 04 1888 05 1888 06 1888 07 1888 08 1888 09 1888 10 1888 11 1888 12 1889 1889 01 1889 02 1889 03 1889 04 1889 05 1889 06 1889 07 1889 08 1889 09 1889 10 1889 11 1889 12 1890s 1890 1890 01 1890 02 1890 03 Challen, already Postmaster at Creswick, appointed as receiver and paymaster with General Post Office from 11 March 1890 RECEIVERS AND PAYMASTERS. HIS Excellency the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, has been pleased to appoint A. L. FLINT, Postmaster, Heathcote, to be Acting Receiver and Paymaster and a Collector of Imposts at Heathcote during the absence of H. A. Halliday; S. L. VINCE, Acting Postmaster, Charlton, to be Acting Receiver and Paymaster and a Collector of Imposts at Charlton during the absence, through illness, of E. Mirams; M. GLENTON, Postmaster, Talbot, to be Receiver and Paymaster and a Collector of Imposts at Talbot, vice P.R. Challen; P. R. CHALLEN, Postmaster, Creswick, to be Receiver and Paymaster and a Collector of Imposts at Creswick, vice W. W. Williams transferred. D. GILLIES, Treasurer. The Treasury, Melbourne, 11th March, 1890.http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1890&class=general&page_num=1089&state=V&classNum=G27&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 21 March 1890 1890 27 1089 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen as Receiver and Paymaster, Creswick. , 1890 04 1890 05 1890 06 1890 07 1890 08 1890 09 1890 10 1890 11 1890 12 1891 1891 01 1891 02 1891 03 1891 04 1891 05 1891 06 1891 07 1891 08 1891 09 1891 10 1891 11 1891 12 1892 1892 01 1892 02 1892 03 1892 04 1892 05 1892 06 1892 07 1892 08 1892 09 1892 10 1892 11 1892 12 1893 1893 01 1893 02 1893 03 1893 04 1893 05 1893 06 1893 07 1893 08 1893 09 1893 10 1893 11 1893 12 1894 1894 01 1894 02 1894 03 1894 04 1894 05 1894 06 1894 07 Challen appointed as Honorary Assistant Inspector of Fisheries DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND CUSTOMS. Honorary Assistant Inspectors of Fisheries. HORACE MORGAN MUMFORD, Constable of Police (No. 2623), PETER ROBERT CHALLEN, REGINALD GREENE, CHARLES LINTOTT GREENE, WILLIAM WILSON, THOMAS ROBERT JAMES, and ROBERT HENRY GLEDHILL. To date from commencement of duty in each case.http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1894&class=general&page_num=2978&state=V&classNum=G94&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 13 July 1894 1894 94 2978 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen as Honorary Assistant Inspector of Fisheries. , 1894 08 1894 09 1894 10 1894 11 1894 12 1895 1895 01 1895 02 1895 03 1895 04 1895 05 1895 06 1895 07 1895 08 1895 09 1895 10 1895 11 1895 12 1896 1896 01 1896 02 Challen one of only two officers (the other Henry Walter Jenvey) authorised to sign certificates of competency in Telegraphy for Victoria PUBLIC SERVICE ACTS. REGULATIONS. CHAPTER III, APPOINTMENT TO THE CLERICAL DIVISION, Section 59 (II.) and 59 (III.) EXAMINATIONS AND TESTS.— LOWER CLASSES. 1. Candidates for employment in the Clerical Division will be examined in the following subjects:- Full Mark Value. 1. Handwriting: to be valued for clearness, regularity, simplicity, moderate size, and rapidity ... 200 2. Arithmetic: the First Four Rules (simple and compound), Reduction, Practice, Vulgar, and Decimal Fractions ... 500 3. English: Spelling; to be tested by writing from dictation, and the correction of mis-spelt passages ... 200 4. English: Simple Composition, and the correction of grammatical errors ... 200 5. English: Parsing, Analysis and Derivation of Words ... 300 6. Geography: Outlines of Physical and Political Geography, and the Geography of the Australasian Colonies (particularly Victoria) in moderate detail ... 400 2. Any candidate who fails to obtain half marks for any one of the first four subjects will be rejected. To qualify for appointment, a candidate must obtain at least 1,000 marks in all. 3. Candidates for employment in the Clerical Division in the under-named offices must, prior to registration for examination, comply with the following conditions to the satisfaction of the Board, namely:— (a) Telegraph Operator.— The production of a certificate of competency from the Secretary or an Inspector of the Post and Telegraph Department, or from any officer duly authorized by the Secretary for the Post and Telegraph Department to sign the same; (Refer Note) (b) Compositor.— The production of evidence of having served apprenticeship as a compositor, and a certificate of competency from the Government Printer, the Superintendent, or the Printing Overseer at the Government Printing Office; (c) Assistant in Public Library.— The production of evidence of having passed the Ordinary Matriculation Examination of the University of Melbourne (or some examination which the Board may judge equivalent) in Greek, in Latin, and in French or German; (d) Architectural and Engineering Draughtsman.— The production of a certificate of competency from the Secretary or Inspector-General of the Public Works Department; or in the case of Architectural Draughtsman, from the President of the Victorian Institute of Architects or the President of the Architectural and Engineering Association, Melbourne ; or for Engineering Draughtsman, from W. C. Kernot, Esq., M.A., C.E., Professor of Engineering, Melbourne University, or the President of the Victorian Engineers' Association, the Chairman of the Municipal Engineers' Board, or the Chairman of the Board of Examiners for Engineers of Water Supply; (e) Inspector of Stock.— The production of a certificate of competency from the Chief Inspector or Acting Chief Inspector of Stock; (f) Survey Draughtsman.— The production of a certificate of competency from the Secretary for Lands or Surveyor-General, or Chief Draughtsman of the Lands Department, or from the Secretary for Mines, or from the Chief Engineer for Victorian Water Supply, or from the Chief Draughtsman, Titles Office, Law Department, or from the President of the Victorian Institute of Surveyors. NOTE.— The following officers have been authorized by the Secretary for the Post and Telegraph Department to sign certificates of competency in Telegraphy:- H. W. Jenvey, electrician, and P. R. Challen.http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1896&class=general&page_num=570&state=V&classNum=G15&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 3 February 1896 1896 15 570-572 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 P. R. Challen authorised to sign certificates of competency in Telegraphy , 1896 03 1896 04 1896 05 1896 06 1896 07 1896 08 1896 09 1896 10 1896 11 1896 12 1897 1897 01 1897 02 1897 03 1897 04 1897 05 1897 06 1897 07 1897 08 1897 09 1897 10 1897 11 1897 12 1898 1898 01 1898 02 1898 03 1898 04 1898 05 1898 06 1898 07 1898 08 1898 09 1898 10 1898 11 1898 12 1899 1899 01 1899 02 1899 03 1899 04 1899 05 1899 06 1899 07 1899 08 1899 09 1899 10 1899 11 1899 12 1900s 1900 1900 01 1900 02 1900 03 1900 04 1900 05 1900 06 1900 07 1900 08 1900 09 1900 10 1900 11 Challen, already Postmaster at Maryborough, appointed as receiver and paymaster with General Post Office from 23 November 1900 RECEIVERS OF REVENUE AND PAYMASTERS. The persons named hereunder to be Receivers of Revenue and Paymasters at the places respectively mentioned, viz,:- Castlemaine - JAMES D. FINEGAN (Acting Postmaster), Acting, during the absence of A. Wolfe on leave. Daylesford - WALTER VEITCH, vice H. P. Stephen transferred. Maryborough - PETER R. CHALLEN (Postmaster), vice F. Duncan relieved. Tallangatta - MICHAEL F. O'DEA, vice W. Veitch transferred. Tungamah - MARY J. BOXELL (Acting Postmistress), Acting, during the absence of M. J. Guthrie on leave.http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1900&class=general&page_num=4327&state=V&classNum=G117&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 23 November 1900 1900 117 4327 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen as Receiver and Paymaster, Maryborough. , 1900 12 1901 1901 01 1901 02 Challen temporarily appointed Returning Officer, Mining Board Elections, Maryborough DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND WATER SUPPLY. Returning Officer, Mining Board Elections, P. R. CHALLEN to act as Returning Officer for Mining Board Elections in the Maryborough Mining District temporarily vice D. Harkness, relieved.http://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1901&class=general&page_num=569&state=V&classNum=G21&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 8 February 1901 1901 21 569 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen as Returning Officer, Mining Board Elections, Maryborough , 1901 03 1901 04 1901 05 1901 06 1901 07 1901 08 1901 09 1901 10 1901 11 Challen, now with PMGD, also appointed by State of Victoria as Receiver of Revenue and Paymaster for Maryborough DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURER. Receivers of Revenue and Paymasters. The persons named in the subjoined schedule (who are officers of the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia) to be also Receivers of Revenue and Paymasters for the State of Victoria at the places and from the dates respectively mentioned, that is to say:- Schedule . . . Place - Maryborough Name - P. R. Challen To date from - 1st to 20th Marchhttp://gazette.slv.vic.gov.au/view.cgi?year=1901&class=general&page_num=4321&state=V&classNum=G145&id= free Victoria Government Gazette 20 November 1901 1901 145 4321 Victoria Government Gazette, Online Archive 1836-1997 Victorian Government Printer State Library of Victoria 26 September 2020 Appointment of P. R. Challen (PMGD) as Receiver of Revenue for State of Victoria, Maryborough , 1901 12 1902 1902 01 1902 02 1902 03 1902 04 1902 05 1902 06 1902 07 1902 08 1902 09 1902 10 1902 11 1902 12 1903 1903 01 1903 02 1903 03 1903 04 1903 05 1903 06 1903 07 1903 08 1903 09 1903 10 1903 11 1903 12 1904 1904 01 1904 02 1904 03 1904 04 1904 05 1904 06 1904 07 1904 08 1904 09 1904 10 1904 11 1904 12 1905 1905 01 1905 02 1905 03 1905 04 1905 05 1905 06 1905 07 1905 08 1905 09 1905 10 1905 11 1905 12 1906 1906 01 1906 02 1906 03 1906 04 1906 05 1906 06 1906 07 1906 08 1906 09 1906 10 1906 11 1906 12 1907 1907 01 1907 02 1907 03 1907 04 1907 05 1907 06 1907 07 1907 08 1907 09 1907 10 1907 11 1907 12 1908 1908 01 1908 02 1908 03 1908 04 1908 05 1908 06 1908 07 1908 08 1908 09 1908 10 1908 11 1908 12 1909 1909 01 1909 02 1909 03 1909 04 1909 05 1909 06 1909 07 1909 08 1909 09 1909 10 1909 11 1909 12 1910s 1910 1910 01 1910 02 1910 03 1910 04 1910 05 1910 06 1910 07 1910 08 1910 09 1910 10 1910 11 1910 12 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