411 REFERENCE · Wikibooks
Spanish Grammar
Reference material by Wikibooks contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
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Table of Contents
Introduction
/About/
/Introduction/
Prefaceː Spelling and pronunciation
right|thumb|27 letter Spanish alphabet in upper and lower case.
/Vowels and consonants/
/Syllable stress/
Chapter 1ː Nouns
/Masculine Nouns/
/Common Masculine Noun Endings/
/Nouns Ending in -o/
/Nouns Ending in -aje/
/Nouns Ending in -ma, -pa, -ta/
/Nouns Ending in -l, (-o), -n, -e, -r, -s (LONERS)/
/Nouns Ending in an Accented Vowel/
/Feminine Nouns/
/Common Feminine Noun Endings/
/Nouns Ending in -dad, -tad, -tud/
/Nouns Ending in -ción, sión, -gión/
/Nouns Ending in -ez/
/Nouns Ending in -triz/
/Nouns Ending in -umbre/
/Other Genders/
/Neuter/
/Common/
/Epicene/
/Ambiguous/
/Days of the week/
/Languages/
/Colors/
/Letters/
/Trees and fruits/
/Animals/
/Diminutives and augmentatives/
/Foreign words/
Chapter 2ː Articles
/Definite and Indefinite Articles/
/Uses of definite Article/
/General or abstract nouns/
/Parts of the body and clothing/
/Weights and measurements/
/Definite article contraction/
/El + verb/
/Indefinitve Article omission/
Chapter 3ː Adjectives and adverbs
/Adjectives ending in -o/
/Adjectives ending in -e/
/Adjectives ending in a consonant/
/Inequality adjectives/ Comparatives
/Superlatives/
/Adjectives with -isimo/
/Equality adjectives/ (Comparisons of equality̠)
/Cardinal numbers/
/Ordinal numbers/
/Use of adjectives as nouns/
/Adverbs with -mente/
/Frequency Adverbs/
/Location Adverbs/
Chapter 4ː Pronouns
/Subject Pronouns/
Object Pronouns
/Object pronoun position/
/Direct Object Pronouns/
/Indirect Object Pronouns/
/Double Object Pronouns/: me lo, te lo, nos lo, os lo, se lo
/Reflexive pronouns/
/Possessive pronouns/
/Demonstrative Pronouns/
/Relative pronouns/
Chapter 5ː Indicative verb tenses
Present tense
/Uses of the present tense/
/Regular -ar verbs/
/Ser, estar, ir, dar, saber/
/Regular -er verbs/
/Regular -ir verbs/
/-go verbs: tener, venir, hacer, decir/
/-zco verbs: conocer, parece, crecer, aparecer, establecer, etc/
/e-ie stem changing verbs/
/o-ue stem changing verbs/
/-uir verbs/
Present continuous
/Use of present continous/
/Estar and gerund/
/Other uses of the gerund/
Imperfect Tense
/Uses of the Imperfect/
/Regular -ar verbs/
/Regular -er and -ir verbs/
/Irregular verbs/
Preterite Tense
/Uses of the Preterite/
/Regular -ar verbs/
/Regular -er and -ir verbs/
/Stem-changning verbs/
/Irregular verbs/
/Preterite vs imperfect/
Present perfect
/Uses of the present perfect/
/Conjugation with regular participles/
/Conjugation with irregular participles/
Past perfect continuous and preterite continuous
/Conjugation/
/Uses of tenses/
Future Tenses
/Ir a with infinitive/
/Future tense regular verbs/
/Future tense irregular verbs/
Conditional
/Uses of conditional/
/Regular verbs/
/Irregular verbs/
/Pluperfect/
/Future perfect/
/Conditional perfect/
Chapter 6ː Subjunctive verb tenses
/Present subjunctive/
/Regular verbs/
/Stem changing/
/Irregular verbs/
/Imperfect subjunctive/
/Imperfect subjunctive with conditional/
/Continuous subjunctive tenses/
/Pluperfect subjunctive/
Chapter 7ː Subjunctive use
/Subjunctive - intro/
/Opinions/
/Emotions/
/Things that don't exist/
/Ojala/
/With the conditional/
/Que and subjunctive/
/Como no/
/To mean "whatever"ː Hagas lo que hagas, como quieras/
/Possibilityː puede que, quizas, tal vez etc/
Chapter 8ː Imperative
/Tu imperative/
/Regular tu imperative/
/Irregular tu imperative/
/Negative tu imperative/
/Usted and Ustedes imperative/
/Vosotros imperative/
/Vosotros negative imperative/
/Vos imperative/
Chapter 9ː Ser and estar
/Ser and estar with location/
/Ser and estar change in meaning/
Chapter 10ː Sentence Structure
/Personal "a"/
/Word order/
/Interogative word order/
/Reported speech/
/Passive voice with se/
/Passive voice with ser/
Chapter 11ː Negation
/Making a sentence negative/
/Nada, nadie, ningun/
/Tampoco/
/Sino/
/Ni/
Chapter 12ː Por and para
/Por/
/Para/
Chapter 13ː Special uses of verb
/Saber and conocer/
/Acabar, acabarse/
/Soler/
/Quedar/
/Volver/
/Tener/
/Deber/
/Pensar, pensar en/
/Costar/
/Tardar/
/Hacerse, llegar a ser, ponerse, volverse/
/Llevar/
/Tomar/
Chapter 14ː Discourse markers
/Discourse markers/
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